{"id":11473,"date":"2025-04-18T18:02:40","date_gmt":"2025-04-18T18:02:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/actualites\/rendre-compte-de-la-fracture-politique-crise-sanitaire-communication-gouvernementale-et-legitimite-politique-au-cameroun\/"},"modified":"2025-05-14T16:04:48","modified_gmt":"2025-05-14T16:04:48","slug":"rendre-compte-de-la-fracture-politique-crise-sanitaire-communication-gouvernementale-et-legitimite-politique-au-cameroun","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/rendre-compte-de-la-fracture-politique-crise-sanitaire-communication-gouvernementale-et-legitimite-politique-au-cameroun\/","title":{"rendered":"Rendre compte de la fracture politique : Crise sanitaire, communication gouvernementale et l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 politique au Cameroun"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"11473\" class=\"elementor elementor-11473\" 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Num\u00e9ro 09 - Analyses critiques<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cae0180 e-grid e-con-full wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cae0180\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62d8bc1 ignoretoc elementor-widget elementor-widget-author-box\" data-id=\"62d8bc1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"author-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/authors\/larissa%20kojoue\" class=\"elementor-author-box__avatar\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" 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data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f03e25c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f03e25c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"\/?issues=Tomorrow\u2019s%20Africas,%20Worlds%20and%20Knowledge%20\">09.2025<br>Varia<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2b07a4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2b07a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Publi\u00e9 le : 20 mars 2025<br><\/strong><strong>ISSN: 3020-0458<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38d84bf elementor-align-center elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"38d84bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/issue-9-2.png\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">T\u00c9L\u00c9CHARGER LE NUM\u00c9RO PDF<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5db791 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b5db791\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/GA-Issue-07-1.jpg\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"408\" height=\"610\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/issue-9-1.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-11079\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae2d51c e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ae2d51c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c8215e e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3c8215e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa2f8e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-adv-tabs\" data-id=\"fa2f8e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-adv-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t        <div data-scroll-on-click=\"no\" data-scroll-speed=\"300\" id=\"eael-advance-tabs-fa2f8e7\" class=\"eael-advance-tabs eael-tabs-horizontal eael-tab-auto-active  responsive-vertical-layout\" data-tabid=\"fa2f8e7\">\n            <div class=\"eael-tabs-nav \">\n                <ul class=\"eael-tab-inline-icon\" role=\"tablist\">\n                                            <li id=\"English\" class=\"active-default eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"English-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg\" alt=\"\">\n                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Abstract<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"French\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"French-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Flag_of_France.svg\" alt=\"\">\n                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >R\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"Swahili\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"Swahili-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Flag_of_Kenya.svg\" alt=\"\">\n                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Muhtasari<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"Arabic\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"Arabic-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"900\" height=\"600\" viewBox=\"0 0 900 600\"><path id=\"green\" d=\"m0 600h900v-600h-900z\" fill=\"#005430\" stroke-width=\".375\"><\/path><g id=\"white\" transform=\"scale(.375)\"><g id=\"shahada\"><g transform=\"matrix(7.3042,0,0,-6.7531,1800,635.53)\"><path d=\"m0 0c-0.023 4.162-1.516 15.373-1.895 19.134-0.378 3.761-0.759 7.173-0.667 7.972 0.09 0.771 1.187-1.072 1.767-1.221 0.3 0.065 0.166 1.229-0.379 2.223-0.369 0.675-1.627 3.199-2.39 4.678-0.359 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                                <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"eael-tabs-content\">\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"English-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item active-default\" data-title-link=\"English-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\">The reception given to the various government measures to combat Covid-19 in the midst of the health crisis between 2021 and 2022 illustrates the political divide between the Cameroonian State and its population. This article analyzes the mechanisms behind this lack of trust, on the basis of a sociology of public action that combats Covid-19 and a sociology of the State. Our analysis highlights several structural elements that undermine the legitimacy of the Cameroonian State in the eyes of its population: centralized decision-making logics that resist any form of openness likely to give more room to the dialogue and consensus required by the health emergency; the instrumentalization of public action for presidential marketing purposes, and a great lack of flexibility and proximity in government communication. All this takes place within a context of technological evolution (the weight of social networks) that calls for a rethinking of the content, form, channels and carriers of information and communication.   <\/p>\n<h5>Keywords<\/h5>\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdly2\" class=\"comp-m8mdjdly2 YzqVVZ wixui-column-strip__column\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdlz6\" class=\"comp-m8mdjdlz6\">\n<div class=\"Tabscomponent1176390459__root style-m8mdjdm23__root wixui-tabs\">\n<div class=\"Tabscomponent1176390459__multiStateBoxWrapper wixui-tabs__container\">\n<div class=\"Tabscomponent1176390459__animationWrapper Tabscomponent1176390459---phase-10-enter-done\">\n<div class=\"Tabscomponent1176390459__tabPanelWrapper Tabscomponent1176390459--isVisible Tabscomponent1176390459---phase-10-enter-done\">\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdmz3\" class=\"comp-m8mdjdmz3\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdn02\" class=\" comp-m8mdjdn02 wixui-repeater\">\n<div class=\"E6jjcn\">\n<div class=\"VM7gjN\">\n<div class=\"Zc7IjY\">\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdn2__c41a1d2d-2444-4b54-bd64-8dca055cb11b\" class=\"comp-m8mdjdn2 YzqVVZ wixui-repeater__item\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdn27__c41a1d2d-2444-4b54-bd64-8dca055cb11b\" class=\"HcOXKn c9GqVL QxJLC3 lq2cno YQcXTT comp-m8mdjdn27 wixui-rich-text\">\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdly2\" class=\"comp-m8mdjdly2 YzqVVZ wixui-column-strip__column\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdlz6\" class=\"comp-m8mdjdlz6\">\n<div class=\"Tabscomponent1176390459__root style-m8mdjdm23__root wixui-tabs\">\n<div class=\"Tabscomponent1176390459__multiStateBoxWrapper wixui-tabs__container\">\n<div class=\"Tabscomponent1176390459__animationWrapper Tabscomponent1176390459---phase-10-enter-done\">\n<div class=\"Tabscomponent1176390459__tabPanelWrapper Tabscomponent1176390459--isVisible Tabscomponent1176390459---phase-10-enter-done\">\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdmz3\" class=\"comp-m8mdjdmz3\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdn02\" class=\" comp-m8mdjdn02 wixui-repeater\">\n<div class=\"E6jjcn\">\n<div class=\"VM7gjN\">\n<div class=\"Zc7IjY\">\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdn2__b6eee5b2-da20-4dd0-8d67-a15355650a0c\" class=\"comp-m8mdjdn2 YzqVVZ wixui-repeater__item\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdn27__b6eee5b2-da20-4dd0-8d67-a15355650a0c\" class=\"HcOXKn c9GqVL QxJLC3 lq2cno YQcXTT comp-m8mdjdn27 wixui-rich-text\">\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\">Covid-19, government communication, public action, political trust, Cameroon<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"French-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"French-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <div id=\"bgLayers_comp-m8mdjdm7__item1\" class=\"MW5IWV\">\n<div id=\"bgMedia_comp-m8mdjdm7__item1\" class=\"VgO9Yg\">\n<div id=\"bgLayers_comp-m8mdjdm7__item1\" class=\"MW5IWV\">\n<div id=\"bgMedia_comp-m8mdjdm7__item1\" class=\"VgO9Yg\">L\u2019accueil r\u00e9serv\u00e9 aux diff\u00e9rentes mesures gouvernementales de lutte contre le Covid-19 en pleine crise sanitaire entre 2021 et 2022 illustre la fracture politique entre l\u2019\u00c9tat camerounais et sa population. Cet article analyse les m\u00e9canismes de ce manque de confiance, \u00e0 partir d\u2019une sociologie de l\u2019action publique de lutte contre le Covid-19 et d\u2019une sociologie de l\u2019\u00c9tat. Notre analyse fait ressortir plusieurs \u00e9l\u00e9ments structurels qui sapent la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00c9tat camerounais aux yeux de sa population : des logiques d\u00e9cisionnelles centralistes qui r\u00e9sistent \u00e0 toute forme d\u2019ouverture susceptible d\u2019accorder plus de place au dialogue et au consensus qu\u2019exige l\u2019urgence sanitaire ; l\u2019instrumentalisation de l\u2019action publique \u00e0 des fins de marketing pr\u00e9sidentiel, et un grand manque de flexibilit\u00e9 et de proximit\u00e9 dans la communication gouvernementale. Tout ceci dans un contexte d\u2019\u00e9volution technologique (le poids des r\u00e9seaux sociaux) qui invite \u00e0 repenser le contenu, la forme, les canaux et les porteurs de l\u2019information et de la communication.   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h5 class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\">Mots-cl\u00e9s<\/h5>\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdly2\" class=\"comp-m8mdjdly2 YzqVVZ wixui-column-strip__column\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdlz6\" class=\"comp-m8mdjdlz6\">\n<div class=\"Tabscomponent1176390459__root style-m8mdjdm23__root wixui-tabs\">\n<div class=\"Tabscomponent1176390459__multiStateBoxWrapper wixui-tabs__container\">\n<div class=\"Tabscomponent1176390459__animationWrapper Tabscomponent1176390459---phase-10-enter-done\">\n<div class=\"Tabscomponent1176390459__tabPanelWrapper Tabscomponent1176390459--isVisible Tabscomponent1176390459---phase-10-enter-done\">\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdm25\" class=\"comp-m8mdjdm25\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdm45\" class=\" comp-m8mdjdm45 wixui-repeater\">\n<div class=\"E6jjcn\">\n<div class=\"VM7gjN\">\n<div class=\"Zc7IjY\">\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdm7__item1\" class=\"comp-m8mdjdm7 YzqVVZ wixui-repeater__item\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdma__item1\" class=\"HcOXKn c9GqVL QxJLC3 lq2cno YQcXTT comp-m8mdjdma wixui-rich-text\">\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdly2\" class=\"comp-m8mdjdly2 YzqVVZ wixui-column-strip__column\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdlz6\" class=\"comp-m8mdjdlz6\">\n<div class=\"Tabscomponent1176390459__root style-m8mdjdm23__root wixui-tabs\">\n<div class=\"Tabscomponent1176390459__multiStateBoxWrapper wixui-tabs__container\">\n<div class=\"Tabscomponent1176390459__animationWrapper Tabscomponent1176390459---phase-10-enter-done\">\n<div class=\"Tabscomponent1176390459__tabPanelWrapper Tabscomponent1176390459--isVisible Tabscomponent1176390459---phase-10-enter-done\">\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdm25\" class=\"comp-m8mdjdm25\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdm45\" class=\" comp-m8mdjdm45 wixui-repeater\">\n<div class=\"E6jjcn\">\n<div class=\"VM7gjN\">\n<div class=\"Zc7IjY\">\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdm7__item1\" class=\"comp-m8mdjdm7 YzqVVZ wixui-repeater__item\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdma__item1\" class=\"HcOXKn c9GqVL QxJLC3 lq2cno YQcXTT comp-m8mdjdma wixui-rich-text\">\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdly2\" class=\"comp-m8mdjdly2 YzqVVZ wixui-column-strip__column\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdlz6\" class=\"comp-m8mdjdlz6\">\n<div class=\"Tabscomponent1176390459__root style-m8mdjdm23__root wixui-tabs\">\n<div class=\"Tabscomponent1176390459__multiStateBoxWrapper wixui-tabs__container\">\n<div class=\"Tabscomponent1176390459__animationWrapper Tabscomponent1176390459---phase-10-enter-done\">\n<div class=\"Tabscomponent1176390459__tabPanelWrapper Tabscomponent1176390459--isVisible Tabscomponent1176390459---phase-10-enter-done\">\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdm25\" class=\"comp-m8mdjdm25\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdm45\" class=\" comp-m8mdjdm45 wixui-repeater\">\n<div class=\"E6jjcn\">\n<div class=\"VM7gjN\">\n<div class=\"Zc7IjY\">\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdm7__item1\" class=\"comp-m8mdjdm7 YzqVVZ wixui-repeater__item\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdma__item1\" class=\"HcOXKn c9GqVL QxJLC3 lq2cno YQcXTT comp-m8mdjdma wixui-rich-text\">\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\">Covid-19, communication gouvernementale, action publique, confiance politique, Cameroun<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"Swahili-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"Swahili-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <div id=\"bgLayers_comp-m8mdk7ad5__268c5998-3757-4f56-b6b1-04e34144d4fa\" class=\"MW5IWV\">\n<div id=\"bgMedia_comp-m8mdk7ad5__268c5998-3757-4f56-b6b1-04e34144d4fa\" class=\"VgO9Yg\">Mapokezi yaliyotolewa kwa hatua mbalimbali za serikali za kupambana na Covid-19 katikati ya mzozo wa kiafya kati ya 2021 na 2022 yanaonyesha mgawanyiko wa kisiasa kati ya jimbo la Kameruni na idadi ya watu wake. Makala haya yanachanganua mbinu za ukosefu huu wa imani, kwa kuzingatia sosholojia ya hatua za umma kupambana na Covid-19 na sosholojia ya Serikali. Uchanganuzi wetu unaangazia vipengele kadhaa vya kimuundo ambavyo vinadhoofisha uhalali wa jimbo la Kameruni machoni pa wakazi wake: mantiki ya maamuzi ya kati ambayo inapinga aina yoyote ya uwazi ambayo inaweza kutoa nafasi zaidi ya mazungumzo na makubaliano yanayohitajika na dharura ya afya; utumiaji wa hatua za umma kwa madhumuni ya uuzaji wa rais, na ukosefu mkubwa wa kubadilika na ukaribu katika mawasiliano ya serikali. Yote haya katika muktadha wa mageuzi ya kiteknolojia (uzito wa mitandao ya kijamii) ambayo inatualika kutafakari upya yaliyomo, fomu, njia na wabebaji wa habari na mawasiliano.   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdk7af__268c5998-3757-4f56-b6b1-04e34144d4fa\" class=\"HcOXKn c9GqVL QxJLC3 lq2cno YQcXTT comp-m8mdk7af wixui-rich-text\">\n<h5 class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\">Maneno muhimu<\/h5>\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdly2\" class=\"comp-m8mdjdly2 YzqVVZ wixui-column-strip__column\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdlz6\" class=\"comp-m8mdjdlz6\">\n<div class=\"Tabscomponent1176390459__root style-m8mdjdm23__root wixui-tabs\">\n<div class=\"Tabscomponent1176390459__multiStateBoxWrapper wixui-tabs__container\">\n<div class=\"Tabscomponent1176390459__animationWrapper Tabscomponent1176390459---phase-10-enter-done\">\n<div class=\"Tabscomponent1176390459__tabPanelWrapper Tabscomponent1176390459--isVisible Tabscomponent1176390459---phase-10-enter-done\">\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdmk3\" class=\"comp-m8mdjdmk3\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdml5\" class=\" comp-m8mdjdml5 wixui-repeater\">\n<div class=\"E6jjcn\">\n<div class=\"VM7gjN\">\n<div class=\"Zc7IjY\">\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdmo__0223762b-f166-4d8c-9636-fe5478ed9df2\" class=\"comp-m8mdjdmo YzqVVZ wixui-repeater__item\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdmp__0223762b-f166-4d8c-9636-fe5478ed9df2\" class=\"HcOXKn c9GqVL QxJLC3 lq2cno YQcXTT comp-m8mdjdmp wixui-rich-text\">\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdly2\" class=\"comp-m8mdjdly2 YzqVVZ wixui-column-strip__column\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdlz6\" class=\"comp-m8mdjdlz6\">\n<div class=\"Tabscomponent1176390459__root style-m8mdjdm23__root wixui-tabs\">\n<div class=\"Tabscomponent1176390459__multiStateBoxWrapper wixui-tabs__container\">\n<div class=\"Tabscomponent1176390459__animationWrapper Tabscomponent1176390459---phase-10-enter-done\">\n<div class=\"Tabscomponent1176390459__tabPanelWrapper Tabscomponent1176390459--isVisible Tabscomponent1176390459---phase-10-enter-done\">\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdmk3\" class=\"comp-m8mdjdmk3\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdml5\" class=\" comp-m8mdjdml5 wixui-repeater\">\n<div class=\"E6jjcn\">\n<div class=\"VM7gjN\">\n<div class=\"Zc7IjY\">\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdmo__c41a1d2d-2444-4b54-bd64-8dca055cb11b\" class=\"comp-m8mdjdmo YzqVVZ wixui-repeater__item\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdmp__c41a1d2d-2444-4b54-bd64-8dca055cb11b\" class=\"HcOXKn c9GqVL QxJLC3 lq2cno YQcXTT comp-m8mdjdmp wixui-rich-text\">\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdly2\" class=\"comp-m8mdjdly2 YzqVVZ wixui-column-strip__column\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdlz6\" class=\"comp-m8mdjdlz6\">\n<div class=\"Tabscomponent1176390459__root style-m8mdjdm23__root wixui-tabs\">\n<div class=\"Tabscomponent1176390459__multiStateBoxWrapper wixui-tabs__container\">\n<div class=\"Tabscomponent1176390459__animationWrapper Tabscomponent1176390459---phase-10-enter-done\">\n<div class=\"Tabscomponent1176390459__tabPanelWrapper Tabscomponent1176390459--isVisible Tabscomponent1176390459---phase-10-enter-done\">\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdmk3\" class=\"comp-m8mdjdmk3\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdml5\" class=\" comp-m8mdjdml5 wixui-repeater\">\n<div class=\"E6jjcn\">\n<div class=\"VM7gjN\">\n<div class=\"Zc7IjY\">\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdmo__b6eee5b2-da20-4dd0-8d67-a15355650a0c\" class=\"comp-m8mdjdmo YzqVVZ wixui-repeater__item\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdmp__b6eee5b2-da20-4dd0-8d67-a15355650a0c\" class=\"HcOXKn c9GqVL QxJLC3 lq2cno YQcXTT comp-m8mdjdmp wixui-rich-text\">\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\">Covid-19, mawasiliano ya serikali, hatua za umma, uaminifu wa kisiasa, Kamerun<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"Arabic-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"Arabic-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdmi__c41a1d2d-2444-4b54-bd64-8dca055cb11b\" class=\"HcOXKn c9GqVL QxJLC3 lq2cno YQcXTT comp-m8mdjdmi wixui-rich-text\">\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\">\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 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data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><span class=\"hNTrR J0Hwa\">Introduction<\/span><\/h2><p><span class=\"hNTrR J0Hwa\">La pand\u00e9mie de Covid-19 a eu des implications significatives sur la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 des acteurs gouvernementaux dans de nombreuses r\u00e9gions du monde. La mise en place de mesures restrictives pour contr\u00f4ler la propagation de l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie, ainsi que la perception que les populations ont eue de l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des r\u00e9ponses propos\u00e9es par leurs dirigeants, permettent d\u2019appr\u00e9cier cette l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9. <\/span><\/p><p><span class=\"hNTrR J0Hwa\">Dans le contexte camerounais, les populations ont peu adh\u00e9r\u00e9 aux mesures de pr\u00e9vention. Ceci n\u2019est certes pas propre au Cameroun, comme le confirme une enqu\u00eate socio-anthropologique r\u00e9alis\u00e9e lors de la premi\u00e8re vague de l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie en Afrique de l\u2019Ouest (Seytre et al., 2021). En effet, comment consid\u00e9rer la Covid-19 comme une menace s\u00e9rieuse alors que le nombre de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s\u2019av\u00e8re extr\u00eamement bas compar\u00e9 aux pays europ\u00e9ens ? Alors que les sympt\u00f4mes n\u2019ont rien de nouveau et s\u2019apparentent facilement \u00e0 ceux du paludisme ? Pourquoi adh\u00e9rer \u00e0 des mesures de pr\u00e9vention qui paraissent irr\u00e9alistes au regard des contextes ? Au-del\u00e0 des difficult\u00e9s techniques, pratiques et \u00e9conomiques li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019application de ces mesures (gestes barri\u00e8res, quarantaine, confinement, gestion des d\u00e9c\u00e8s, etc.), la gestion de la crise sanitaire intervient dans un contexte de crise du syst\u00e8me de sant\u00e9, marqu\u00e9 par une baisse significative de la confiance envers les institutions et le personnel politique (Chabrol, 2018 ; Israr et al., 2001).     <\/span><\/p><p><span class=\"hNTrR J0Hwa\">L\u2019hypoth\u00e8se que nous d\u00e9fendons ici est qu\u2019au-del\u00e0 des enjeux communicationnels et techniques, les r\u00e9ticences observ\u00e9es face aux directives gouvernementales traduisent un profond sentiment de m\u00e9fiance, du fait d\u2019un m\u00e9contentement syst\u00e9mique vis-\u00e0-vis des politiques et des autorit\u00e9s gestionnaires de la crise. La gravit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie, de m\u00eame que les registres et contenus de la communication gouvernementale n\u2019ont pas r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 changer cette attitude. <\/span><\/p><p><span class=\"hNTrR J0Hwa\">Ce sont les m\u00e9canismes et les enjeux de ce manque de confiance que nous allons interroger, \u00e0 partir d\u2019une approche sociologique de l\u2019action publique et de l\u2019\u00c9tat au Cameroun. Pour ce faire, nous nous appuyons sur un mat\u00e9riau qualitatif compil\u00e9 \u00e0 partir d\u2019une enqu\u00eate r\u00e9alis\u00e9e dans la ville de Yaound\u00e9 entre avril et juillet 2021. Trois m\u00e9thodes de collecte ont \u00e9t\u00e9 privil\u00e9gi\u00e9es : une analyse des r\u00e9actions en ligne sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux (Facebook et X) et sur les sites web des principaux m\u00e9dias g\u00e9n\u00e9ralistes en fran\u00e7ais comme CRTVweb, Cameroun Tribune et La Nouvelle Expression, ou The Guardian Post et Mimi Mefo Info pour des donn\u00e9es en anglais. La recherche sur ces plateformes a \u00e9t\u00e9 faite \u00e0 partir de mots-cl\u00e9s et de hashtags<a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftn1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hook=\"web-link\"><u>[1].<\/u><\/a> Le but de la recherche sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux \u00e9tait d\u2019identifier et d\u2019analyser, d\u2019une part, la diversit\u00e9 des registres communicationnels mobilis\u00e9s par le gouvernement pour la circulation des informations sur la Covid-19 et, d\u2019autre part, de faire ressortir les \u00ab figures du bl\u00e2me \u00bb ou \u00ab figures du h\u00e9ros \u00bb susceptibles d\u2019influencer les d\u00e9cisions et strat\u00e9gies politiques. Une douzaine d\u2019entretiens semi-directifs avec diff\u00e9rents acteurs engag\u00e9s dans la riposte nationale aux niveaux d\u00e9cisionnel, scientifique, m\u00e9diatique ou communautaire ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9s. Ces entretiens ont port\u00e9 autant sur leur perception de l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie au Cameroun, que sur leur r\u00f4le et leur implication dans la riposte nationale. Des observations ethnographiques ont aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9es dans divers espaces publics (centres de sant\u00e9, march\u00e9s, transports publics) autour de la campagne de vaccination, entre les mois de mars et juillet 2021.       <\/span><\/p><p><span class=\"hNTrR J0Hwa\">Les r\u00e9sultats de cette \u00e9tude montrent que l\u2019int\u00e9gration des m\u00e9dias sociaux, et une communication de proximit\u00e9 assur\u00e9e par des professionnel\u00b7le\u00b7s de l\u2019information en sant\u00e9, n\u2019ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 suffisamment anticip\u00e9s ou mobilis\u00e9s. Certains choix strat\u00e9giques et politiques ont contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 accro\u00eetre les tensions et la confusion dans un contexte d\u2019urgence \u00e9pid\u00e9mique propice \u00e0 la manipulation et \u00e0 la d\u00e9sinformation. <\/span><\/p><div id=\"viewer-7qzc238501\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM J0Hwa xHBmq\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"_4fqav J0Hwa\"> <\/span><\/div><h2><span class=\"hNTrR J0Hwa\">Les caract\u00e9ristiques du plan de communication gouvernementale<\/span><\/h2><p><span class=\"hNTrR J0Hwa\">Dans cette section, nous discuterons des caract\u00e9ristiques de la communication politique, en particulier celle du gouvernement dans un contexte de crise sanitaire. Dans les moments de rupture et de basculement que constituent les crises, la communication politique est charg\u00e9e de rassurer, de susciter voire de restaurer la confiance des populations envers les d\u00e9cideurs. Selon Philippe Riutort (2020), la communication politique s\u2019entend comme l\u2019ensemble des pratiques visant \u00e0 \u00e9tablir des liens entre les professionnels de la politique et leurs \u00e9lecteurs, en usant des voies offertes par les m\u00e9dias. Ici, il est question des informations, recommandations et d\u00e9clarations officielles \u00e9mises par les membres du gouvernement dans le but de freiner la propagation de l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie. De fait, bien qu\u2019il soit plus appropri\u00e9 de parler de communication de sant\u00e9 publique, notre analyse va au-del\u00e0 des messages de promotion de la sant\u00e9 publique pour s\u2019int\u00e9resser autant aux actions et strat\u00e9gies mises en place qu\u2019aux discours, postures et initiatives des diff\u00e9rents d\u00e9cideurs politiques dans le contexte de la crise sanitaire.    <\/span><\/p><h3><span class=\"hNTrR J0Hwa\"><em>Une strat\u00e9gie de communication dynamique<\/em><\/span><\/h3><p><span class=\"hNTrR J0Hwa\">Bien qu\u2019il soit difficile de confirmer l\u2019existence d\u2019un v\u00e9ritable plan de communication gouvernementale dans la lutte contre la Covid-19, les observations montrent que le gouvernement camerounais a largement communiqu\u00e9 sur l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie, et cela de fa\u00e7on relativement in\u00e9dite (situation de crise mondiale oblige), d\u00e8s les premiers cas d\u00e9clar\u00e9s dans le pays, soit le 7 mars 2020. C\u2019est le ministre de la Communication, porte-parole du gouvernement, qui en fait l\u2019annonce lors d\u2019une conf\u00e9rence de presse le m\u00eame jour. Vu l\u2019\u00e9tat d\u2019urgence sanitaire globale, le gouvernement va mettre les bouch\u00e9es doubles pour informer le public afin de pr\u00e9venir la propagation du virus qui, au regard du contexte et des capacit\u00e9s limit\u00e9es du syst\u00e8me de sant\u00e9, s\u2019annonce d\u00e9sastreuse. Des dispositions in\u00e9dites vont \u00eatre prises, comme l\u2019organisation d\u2019\u00e9missions sp\u00e9ciales \u00ab Covid-19 \u00bb \u00e0 la radio et \u00e0 la t\u00e9l\u00e9vision. La Covid-19 occupe la une de la presse \u00e9crite, tant priv\u00e9e que publique, et la communication visuelle (banderoles, grandes banni\u00e8res et affiches) est \u00e9galement utilis\u00e9e pour inciter les populations \u00e0 adopter les gestes barri\u00e8res. Le gouvernement va aussi mettre l\u2019accent sur la communication digitale en envoyant des SMS \u00e0 l\u2019ensemble des utilisateurs de t\u00e9l\u00e9phonie mobile et en multipliant les messages sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux, avec la contribution des blogueurs.     <\/span><\/p><p><span class=\"hNTrR J0Hwa\">Les outils mobilis\u00e9s incluent les conf\u00e9rences de presse, les points-presse, les communiqu\u00e9s de presse et les tweets. Bien que ces outils ne soient pas nouveaux, ils sont cependant rarement utilis\u00e9s au Cameroun de mani\u00e8re aussi concomitante et r\u00e9guli\u00e8re. Le gouvernement donne l\u2019impression de parler d\u2019une seule voix, ce qui contraste avec les mod\u00e8les de communication ordinaire observ\u00e9s o\u00f9 le porte-parole n\u2019est pas le seul \u00e0 porter la voix de l\u2019ex\u00e9cutif (Kemayou, 2012).  <\/span><\/p><p><span class=\"hNTrR J0Hwa\">C\u2019est par exemple au cours d\u2019une conf\u00e9rence de presse, \u00e0 laquelle prend part le Premier ministre, qu\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 le plan d\u2019action gouvernemental contre la Covid-19, un plan de 13 mesures sign\u00e9es par le chef de l\u2019\u00c9tat et pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le chef du gouvernement. Ces mesures portent notamment sur la fermeture des fronti\u00e8res (terrestres, a\u00e9riennes et maritimes), la suspension de la d\u00e9livrance des visas, la fermeture des \u00e9tablissements publics et priv\u00e9s, ou encore l\u2019interdiction des rassemblements de plus de 50 personnes pour une dur\u00e9e de quinze jours<a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftn2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hook=\"web-link\"><u>[2]<\/u><\/a>. Ces mesures seront prolong\u00e9es par voie de communiqu\u00e9 le 1er avril 2020.  <\/span><\/p><p><span class=\"hNTrR J0Hwa\">Le ministre de la Sant\u00e9 publique va quotidiennement occuper l\u2019espace m\u00e9diatique en partageant des informations sur l\u2019\u00e9volution de l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie via les r\u00e9seaux sociaux. Ces tweets qui semblent \u00eatre une initiative personnelle, portent essentiellement sur le d\u00e9compte des nouveaux cas et sur les gestes barri\u00e8res \u00e0 adopter (se laver les mains avec du savon, \u00e9ternuer dans son coude, porter un masque dans les lieux publics, garder une distance d\u2019un m\u00e8tre dans les files d\u2019attente, \u00e9viter les rassemblements, rester chez soi, etc.)<a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftn3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hook=\"web-link\"><u>[3]<\/u><\/a>. Ces tweets sont lik\u00e9s et partag\u00e9s plusieurs centaines de fois<a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftn4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hook=\"web-link\"><u>[4]<\/u><\/a> (fig. 1).  <\/span><\/p><div id=\"viewer-j44x846060\" class=\"zwvub\"><div class=\"DyPY- _89fZr\"><figure class=\"thOU-\" data-hook=\"figure-IMAGE\"><div class=\"CQCKX\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" data-hook=\"image-viewer\" aria-haspopup=\"true\"><div id=\"j44x846060\" class=\"e1h4z V8Ei5 TI1RX\"><figure style=\"width: 696px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/static.wixstatic.com\/media\/41715f_d0e23eacd45e44ef925dd882d969a279~mv2.png\/v1\/fill\/w_696,h_707,al_c,q_90,enc_auto\/41715f_d0e23eacd45e44ef925dd882d969a279~mv2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"696\" height=\"707\" data-ssr-src-done=\"true\" data-load-done=\"\"><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 1 : Exemple de tweet du ministre de la Sant\u00e9 publique le 24 mars 2020<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/figure><\/div><\/div><div id=\"viewer-vjrr067980\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM J0Hwa xHBmq\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"_4fqav J0Hwa\"> <\/span><\/div><p><span class=\"hNTrR J0Hwa\">Salu\u00e9 par la population pour cet effort de transparence<a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftn5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hook=\"web-link\"><u>[5]<\/u><\/a>, l\u2019image que donne le ministre est proche de celle d\u2019un h\u00e9ros, entendu ici comme un homme de front, fort de son expertise et soucieux du bien-\u00eatre des Camerounais\u00b7e\u00b7s. Comme l\u2019indiquent les recherches anthropologiques sur les comportements en temps de crise, les perceptions qu\u2019ont les populations \u00e0 travers les figures du h\u00e9ros ou du bl\u00e2me sont susceptibles soit de promouvoir l\u2019acceptation, l\u2019adoption et l\u2019adh\u00e9sion aux mesures de sant\u00e9, soit de cr\u00e9er l\u2019effet inverse (Atlani-Duault et al., 2013, 2020). Les initiatives du ministre de la Sant\u00e9 publique prennent encore plus d\u2019ampleur dans un contexte o\u00f9 rendre des comptes pour les autorit\u00e9s politiques est un exercice inhabituel (Gwaibi, 2022). Les commentaires sont donc tr\u00e8s \u00e9logieux et les populations sont sensibles \u00e0 ces messages.   <\/span><\/p><p><span class=\"hNTrR J0Hwa\">Cependant, ce rapport \u00e0 la figure du h\u00e9ros va vite s\u2019\u00e9mousser avec le changement de strat\u00e9gie de communication du ministre quelques semaines plus tard, lorsque ce dernier fait le choix de mettre l\u2019accent uniquement sur les bonnes nouvelles. Dans sa communication d\u00e9sormais, il est difficile de suivre l\u2019\u00e9volution de l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie, conna\u00eetre les r\u00e9gions les plus affect\u00e9es, les foyers \u00e9pid\u00e9miques et les mesures prises au fur et \u00e0 mesure qu\u2019augmente le nombre de cas. Ce virement va susciter de nombreuses critiques et sera interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 par le public comme une tentative de dissimuler une situation probablement hors de contr\u00f4le.  <\/span><\/p><h3><span class=\"hNTrR J0Hwa\"><em>Dysfonctionnements, contradictions de la communication gouvernementale et cons\u00e9quences<\/em><\/span><\/h3><p><span class=\"hNTrR J0Hwa\">La strat\u00e9gie de communication visant \u00e0 donner des informations par le biais des points-presse semble plus collective et plus concert\u00e9e que les tweets du ministre. En plus de faire le point sur la situation de l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie, des informations sur le nombre de d\u00e9c\u00e8s, le nombre de cas gu\u00e9ris, les structures d\u2019accueil et les mesures en cours, sont \u00e9galement partag\u00e9es. Bien que tr\u00e8s appr\u00e9ci\u00e9s et repris par de nombreux m\u00e9dias, ces points-presse auraient pu avoir une meilleure port\u00e9e aupr\u00e8s du public s\u2019ils s\u2019\u00e9taient accompagn\u00e9s de d\u00e9tails pr\u00e9cis r\u00e9pondant aux inqui\u00e9tudes des populations : que faire lorsqu\u2019on se trouve loin des centres de d\u00e9pistage ? Comment organiser une quarantaine dans des maisons familiales bond\u00e9es ? Pendant combien de temps porter les masques<a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftn6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hook=\"web-link\"><u>[6]<\/u> <\/a>? Que se passe-t-il lorsqu\u2019un proche d\u00e9c\u00e8de de la Covid-19 ? De plus, les messages du gouvernement sont d\u00e9livr\u00e9s essentiellement en fran\u00e7ais et parfois en anglais, ce qui rend difficile leur compr\u00e9hension par la majorit\u00e9 de la population, notamment en zones rurales o\u00f9 pr\u00e9valent les langues locales.      <\/span><\/p><p><span class=\"hNTrR J0Hwa\">L\u2019analyse des messages de sant\u00e9 standards formul\u00e9s par le gouvernement r\u00e9v\u00e8le ainsi d\u2019importants d\u00e9ficits informationnels. Comme l\u2019indique Doroth\u00e9e Ndoumb\u00e9 (2020), la communication du gouvernement pendant la crise est calqu\u00e9e sur un mod\u00e8le occidental o\u00f9 les populations ne connaissent pas de difficult\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019information (internet et t\u00e9l\u00e9phonie mobile) ni de probl\u00e8mes de langues. Les recommandations sur les gestes barri\u00e8res, le port du masque obligatoire dans les lieux publics, le confinement ou semi-confinement sont certes des messages standards \u00e9dict\u00e9s par l\u2019Organisation mondiale de la sant\u00e9, mais elles manquent d\u2019ancrage et de traduction sp\u00e9cifique au contexte. Plus encore, elles font l\u2019impasse sur les nombreuses rumeurs et th\u00e9ories du complot qui circulent sur l\u2019origine du virus (\u00ab virus cr\u00e9\u00e9 intentionnellement \u00bb), sur le d\u00e9ni de la gravit\u00e9 de la Covid-19 (\u00ab la Covid ne tue pas, c\u2019est une autre forme de paludisme \u00bb), ou sur l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des traitements alternatifs et des essais vaccinaux (Dinga et al., 2022 ; Fouda Bita et al., 2024). On peut aussi noter la place marginale des acteurs communautaires qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 peu sollicit\u00e9s lors de la premi\u00e8re vague de la crise sanitaire entre f\u00e9vrier et avril 2020 (Lefort-Rieu et al., 2023).    <\/span><\/p><p><span class=\"hNTrR J0Hwa\">En cons\u00e9quence, de nombreuses personnes ont fait le choix de s\u2019\u00e9loigner des structures sanitaires lorsqu\u2019elles ou leurs proches sont asymptomatiques par crainte d\u2019\u00eatre hospitalis\u00e9es ou contraintes d\u2019\u00eatre s\u00e9par\u00e9es de leurs malades, sans possibilit\u00e9 de veiller sur eux ou de les accompagner en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Plusieurs r\u00e9cits font \u00e9tat de familles tentant \u00e0 tout prix d\u2019\u00e9viter certains h\u00f4pitaux, m\u00eame lorsque leurs malades d\u00e9veloppent des sympt\u00f4mes graves. Dans une discussion au sein d\u2019une famille proche<a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftn7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hook=\"web-link\"><u>[7]<\/u><\/a>, l\u2019interlocutrice d\u00e9clare \u00e0 propos de la mort et de l\u2019enterrement de son fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9 survenu quelques semaines auparavant : \u00ab On a tout fait pour \u00e9viter d\u2019aller \u00e0 X. [\u2026] L\u00e0-bas, ils confisquent les corps. Tu n\u2019as pas le droit de voir ta personne. [\u2026] Il faut une autorisation sp\u00e9ciale pour l\u2019enterrer au village. \u00bb  <\/span><\/p><p><span class=\"hNTrR J0Hwa\">La gestion des cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s li\u00e9s \u00e0 la Covid-19 a fait l\u2019objet de vives critiques et r\u00e9ticences au sein de la population, se traduisant parfois par des agressions physiques du personnel de sant\u00e9. Tr\u00e8s souvent li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019incompr\u00e9hension due au manque de communication, ces actes rappellent les mouvements de r\u00e9sistance qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s en Guin\u00e9e, en Sierra Leone et au Liberia lors de la lutte contre \u00c9bola. Il y a eu, en effet, des manifestations dans les rues, des blocages de routes et m\u00eame des meurtres de personnels de sant\u00e9 pour protester contre l\u2019installation des centres de traitement, consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des hauts lieux de trafic des corps des personnes d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9es (Carri\u00f3n et al., 2016 ; Marcis et al., 2019 ; Ouattara &amp; Arhem, 2021). <\/span><\/p><p><span class=\"hNTrR J0Hwa\">Au Cameroun, ces faiblesses communicationnelles ont renforc\u00e9 l\u2019incompr\u00e9hension et le sentiment d\u2019un d\u00e9calage entre les mesures gouvernementales et le contexte : \u00ab J\u2019ai vu comment on enterrait les personnes mortes de la Covid. C\u2019\u00e9tait inhumain \u00bb (Mme P., journaliste)<a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftn8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hook=\"web-link\"><u>[8]<\/u><\/a>. Selon certains blogueurs, obtenir des informations officielles pour contrer les <em>fake news<\/em> \u00e9tait particuli\u00e8rement difficile, bien qu\u2019ils et elles \u00e9taient invit\u00e9\u00b7e\u00b7s \u00e0 relayer les messages et strat\u00e9gies d\u2019action du gouvernement. Ce qui conduit le professeur Mpoudi Ngoll\u00e9<a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftn9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hook=\"web-link\"><u>[9]<\/u><\/a> a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 : \u00ab Il faut des experts en communication m\u00e9dicale. C\u2019est un truc \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper et c\u2019est tr\u00e8s important. \u00bb (colonel Mpoudi Ngoll\u00e9, ANRS Yaound\u00e9)<a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftn10\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hook=\"web-link\"><u>[10]<\/u><\/a>.  <\/span><\/p><p><span class=\"hNTrR J0Hwa\">\u00ab Les gens vous disent qu\u2019il vaut mieux mourir de la Covid-19 que de faim \u00bb (Pr E. T., conseiller scientifique). Cette attitude face \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie ne serait pas seulement li\u00e9e au faible nombre de d\u00e9c\u00e8s rapport\u00e9s (la barre de 1 000 d\u00e9c\u00e8s ne sera franchie qu\u2019au bout d\u2019un peu plus d\u2019un an en mai 2021[11]) contrairement \u00e0 d\u2019autres pays, en majorit\u00e9 europ\u00e9ens, qui enregistraient des milliers d\u2019hospitalisations et des centaines de d\u00e9c\u00e8s par jour. Le faible taux de d\u00e9c\u00e8s d\u00e9clar\u00e9s au Cameroun, l\u2019absence de stigma et le rejet social associ\u00e9 \u00e0 la Covid-19, comme dans le cas du virus \u00c9bola ou du VIH\/sida, ont largement contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019envisager comme une \u00ab simple grippe \u00bb ou un \u00ab palu ordinaire \u00bb, et ce, en d\u00e9pit des diff\u00e9rents pics de contaminations ou des mesures de fermeture des lieux publics, d\u2019interdictions de rassemblements, etc. S\u2019appuyer sur les organisations communautaires, de mani\u00e8re d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9e d\u00e8s les premiers cas et sur un temps long, aurait sans aucun doute am\u00e9lior\u00e9 la connaissance de l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie et la r\u00e9ception des consignes gouvernementales.   <\/span><\/p><p><span class=\"hNTrR J0Hwa\">Parmi les dysfonctionnements observ\u00e9s, la question \u00ab qui communique ? \u00bb a aussi cr\u00e9\u00e9 beaucoup de confusion. Apr\u00e8s des d\u00e9cisions et d\u00e9clarations discordantes \u00e9mises par certains ministres, dont l\u2019annonce de la reprise des cours par les ministres de l\u2019\u00c9ducation et des Enseignements secondaires, ou encore la confusion suscit\u00e9e par la ministre de la Recherche et de l\u2019Innovation scientifique sur les risques de transmission du virus par les chauves-souris, le chef du gouvernement a d\u00fb rappeler \u00e0 l\u2019ordre les membres de son \u00e9quipe<a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftn11\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hook=\"web-link\"><u>[12]<\/u><\/a>. Dans un communiqu\u00e9 sign\u00e9 par le Secr\u00e9tariat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du gouvernement le 9 avril 2020, il rappelle l\u2019imp\u00e9ratif de respecter les canaux et autorisations n\u00e9cessaires pour \u00e9viter les dissonances dans la communication politique. Les d\u00e9clarations de la ministre sur les chauves-souris avaient suscit\u00e9 des railleries sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux, confortant ainsi l\u2019une des figures du bl\u00e2me les plus populaires. Tout comme les figures du h\u00e9ros, les figures du bl\u00e2me peuvent en effet, aider les d\u00e9cideurs \u00e0 \u00e9laborer des r\u00e9ponses plus solides et des messages de communication plus cibl\u00e9s en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9 (Atlani-Duault, 2020).    <\/span><\/p><p><span class=\"hNTrR J0Hwa\">La tendance au bl\u00e2me observ\u00e9e en ligne se confirme \u00e9galement hors ligne. Elle a compl\u00e8tement supplant\u00e9 celle de l\u2019h\u00e9ro\u00efsation et se dirige contre les autorit\u00e9s, dans un contexte o\u00f9 les populations \u00e9prouvent d\u00e9j\u00e0 des frustrations. Ainsi, au-del\u00e0 de la \u00ab cacophonie \u00bb (Ndoumb\u00e9, 2020 ; Mand\u00e9, 2020, Atangana, 2021) et des contradictions observ\u00e9es dans la communication gouvernementale, la qualit\u00e9 de la communication du gouvernement d\u00e9pend aussi de sa l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9. Or la crise sanitaire survient dans un contexte de m\u00e9contentement social profond.   <\/span><\/p><h4 id=\"viewer-97zso38565\" class=\"Gjy83 K1qln J0Hwa xHBmq\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"hNTrR J0Hwa\"> <\/span><\/h4><h2><span class=\"hNTrR J0Hwa\">Les ressorts de la d\u00e9fiance et du manque de confiance politique en p\u00e9riode de crise sanitaire<\/span><\/h2><h3><span class=\"hNTrR J0Hwa\"><em>Aspects th\u00e9oriques de la confiance politique<\/em><\/span><\/h3><p><span class=\"hNTrR J0Hwa\">Comme le rappellent de nombreuses \u00e9tudes sur les liens entre l\u2019\u00c9tat et la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, la confiance est une valeur centrale en politique. Notamment dans des contextes dits d\u00e9mocratiques, il s\u2019agit d\u2019un indicateur de la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 des institutions gouvernementales, de leur acceptation et de leur respect. De nombreuses \u00e9tudes soulignent le fait que son \u00e9rosion est symptomatique d\u2019une crise politique profonde qui affecte tant les institutions que le personnel politique (Hardin, 2004 ; Lalot &amp; Quiamzade, 2021). Les ressorts de la confiance politique, ou de son d\u00e9litement, se fondent principalement \u2013 mais pas exclusivement<a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftn12\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hook=\"web-link\"><u>[13]<\/u><\/a> \u2013 sur les interactions politiques entre gouvernant\u00b7e\u00b7s et gouvern\u00e9\u00b7e\u00b7s. L\u2019approche rationnelle envisage la confiance comme une situation o\u00f9 les acteur\u00b7rice\u00b7s (gouvernant\u00b7e\u00b7s et gouvern\u00e9\u00b7e\u00b7s) savent que leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats sont imbriqu\u00e9s. Russel Hardin en parle en termes de \u00ab <em>encapsulated interest<\/em> \u00bb (Hardin, 2004). Ces int\u00e9r\u00eats ne sont pas seulement mat\u00e9riels : il peut aussi s\u2019agir de satisfaire ou de renforcer certaines convictions morales. Dans le premier cas, la relation de confiance se fonde sur l\u2019ad\u00e9quation entre les pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences des citoyen\u00b7ne\u00b7s et l\u2019action publique men\u00e9e par le personnel politique ; dans le second cas, les questions de valeurs et de conviction priment sur les performances gouvernementales. C\u2019est lorsque les int\u00e9r\u00eats des un\u00b7e\u00b7s sont l\u00e9s\u00e9s que surviennent la cassure et le retrait de la confiance, qui se traduisent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement par le rejet, le refus et la d\u00e9fiance. Le gain de confiance, \u00e0 l\u2019inverse, se traduit par une adh\u00e9sion forte et un renforcement des liens.         <\/span><\/p><p><span class=\"hNTrR J0Hwa\">Bien qu\u2019il soit difficile de mesurer la confiance politique au Cameroun \u00e0 partir de ce projet, plusieurs analyses ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 conclu \u00e0 la d\u00e9liquescence du contrat social, ainsi qu\u2019au d\u00e9litement croissant de la confiance politique, et ce depuis le d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1980. Deux d\u00e9cennies apr\u00e8s les espoirs suscit\u00e9s par les ind\u00e9pendances, le d\u00e9litement survient avec la d\u00e9gradation progressive et continue des conditions \u00e9conomiques (chute des cours des mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res, baisse des investissements \u00e9trangers, diminution des salaires des fonctionnaires, arr\u00eat des recrutements syst\u00e9matiques dans la fonction publique, etc.). Cette situation va aggraver les pratiques de corruption<a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftn13\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hook=\"web-link\"><u>[14]<\/u><\/a> et accentuer la domination d\u2019un pouvoir politique contraint de garantir sa survie par diverses man\u0153uvres de contr\u00f4le, de coercition, de d\u00e9monstration de force et d\u2019usage de la violence (Sindjoun, 1996 ; Pommerolle, 2008 ; Keutcheu, 2013 ; Eboko &amp; Awondo, 2018 ; Kojou\u00e9, 2020). Ce d\u00e9litement s\u2019amplifie avec les difficult\u00e9s structurelles du fonctionnement de l\u2019appareil d\u2019\u00c9tat qui n\u2019a pas pu ou su amorcer sa croissance \u00e9conomique. S\u2019ajoutent le non-renouvellement de la classe dirigeante ainsi que le monopole du parti pr\u00e9sidentiel sur les institutions publiques, de m\u00eame que l\u2019impunit\u00e9 qui entoure cette classe dirigeante. Un climat de m\u00e9fiance permanente persiste donc, d\u2019o\u00f9 la promptitude \u00e0 faire des membres du gouvernement des figures du bl\u00e2me. Dans ce contexte, la gestion de l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie a \u00e9t\u00e9 v\u00e9cue comme un prolongement de violence politique ordinaire.      <\/span><\/p><h3><span class=\"hNTrR J0Hwa\"><em>Gestion de la crise et centralisation de l\u2019action publique<\/em><\/span><\/h3><p><span class=\"hNTrR J0Hwa\">La majorit\u00e9 des acteurs impliqu\u00e9s dans la riposte contre la Covid-19 au Cameroun sont unanimes concernant le caract\u00e8re tr\u00e8s centralis\u00e9 des processus d\u00e9cisionnels, et ce, en d\u00e9pit des m\u00e9canismes de concertation et de coordination pr\u00e9existants ou cr\u00e9\u00e9s \u00e0 cet effet. Bien que l\u2019exigence de coh\u00e9rence et de suivi soient les premiers enjeux du gouvernement dans le contexte de la crise sanitaire, la place secondaire, voire marginale, accord\u00e9e aux autres acteurs comme le conseil scientifique ou le <em>Centre de coordination des op\u00e9rations d\u2019urgence de sant\u00e9 publique<\/em> (CCOUSP) a consid\u00e9rablement limit\u00e9 la port\u00e9e et l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des politiques sanitaires. Par ailleurs, le scandale de d\u00e9tournement des fonds destin\u00e9s \u00e0 la lutte contre la Covid-19 n\u2019a fait qu\u2019exacerber les r\u00e9sistances et les barri\u00e8res \u00e0 la communication entre le gouvernement et ses citoyens.  <\/span><\/p><p><span class=\"hNTrR J0Hwa\">Dans le premier cas, on observe une forte monopolisation de la gestion de la crise par le minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9, et en particulier par la <em>Direction de lutte contre la maladie<\/em> (DLM), alors qu\u2019il existe une administration enti\u00e8rement charg\u00e9e de g\u00e9rer les urgences sanitaires. En effet, bien avant la notification du premier cas, les agents du CCOUSP \u00e9taient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 pied d\u2019\u0153uvre pour tenter d\u2019identifier les potentiels cas, les isoler et les traiter : \u00ab On avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 une petite exp\u00e9rience avec le chol\u00e9ra. M\u00eame si ce n\u2019\u00e9tait pas de cette ampleur \u00bb (Dr S., CCOUSP)<a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftn14\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hook=\"web-link\"><u>[15]<\/u><\/a>. Avec l\u2019arriv\u00e9e de la Covid-19, il a fallu tr\u00e8s rapidement mettre en place un plan coordonn\u00e9 de gestion des incidents, cr\u00e9er un centre d\u2019appels, ouvrir des lignes t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques et former des \u00e9quipes suppl\u00e9mentaires. Malgr\u00e9 ce d\u00e9ploiement, les moyens et les capacit\u00e9s d\u2019intervention du CCOUSP, les agents regrettent que cette expertise ait \u00e9t\u00e9 peu voire sous-mobilis\u00e9e lors de la premi\u00e8re vague : \u00ab Les dirigeants ont mis du temps \u00e0 comprendre le syst\u00e8me adopt\u00e9 pour g\u00e9rer la situation. [\u2026] Parfois, on apprenait les d\u00e9cisions du gouvernement au journal comme tout le monde alors qu\u2019on \u00e9tait en r\u00e9union de concertation quelques heures auparavant. \u00bb (Dr S., CCOUSP). Sur le plan op\u00e9rationnel, les r\u00e9gions ont pris le relais tardivement et avec beaucoup de difficult\u00e9s, du fait de cette centralisation. Plusieurs membres du Conseil scientifique confirment cette centralisation :       <\/span><\/p><div id=\"viewer-8gvsx38592\" dir=\"ltr\"><blockquote class=\"RZBDs\"><div id=\"viewer-3bf7z67410\" class=\"J0Hwa xHBmq\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"_4fqav J0Hwa\">Le gouvernement ne nous a \u00e9cout\u00e9s qu\u2019une fois, \u00e0 propos du vaccin [\u2026]. C\u2019est vraiment la seule fois. On a d\u00e9conseill\u00e9 la r\u00e9ouverture des bars [\u2026] on a d\u00e9conseill\u00e9 la rentr\u00e9e des classes [\u2026] on a demand\u00e9 au gouvernement de ne pas d\u00e9passer 20 % de spectateurs lors du CHAN<a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftn15\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hook=\"web-link\"><u>[16]<\/u><\/a> mais ils n\u2019ont pas \u00e9cout\u00e9. (Pr E. T., Conseil scientifique)   <\/span><\/div><\/blockquote><\/div><p><span class=\"hNTrR J0Hwa\">Cette verticalit\u00e9 dans la prise de d\u00e9cision, en d\u00e9pit des instances de coordination et de consultation cens\u00e9es guider, appuyer et soutenir les d\u00e9cisions politiques, t\u00e9moigne d\u2019un formalisme participatif, hors de toute v\u00e9ritable mobilisation collective, voire d\u00e9mocratique. M\u00eame si l\u2019on sait que l\u2019offre de participation (voire le pluralisme) ne renverse pas les pouvoirs \u00e9tablis ni n\u2019emp\u00eache les d\u00e9cisions d\u2019\u00eatre ex\u00e9cut\u00e9es (Kojou\u00e9, 2013 ; Mazeaud et al., 2012 ; Rui, 2016), le faible respect des consignes sanitaires comme le port du masque au sein des administrations publiques, ou encore le faible taux de vaccination, surtout parmi le personnel de sant\u00e9 et les fonctionnaires, peuvent \u00eatre analys\u00e9s comme des cons\u00e9quences de ce d\u00e9faut participatif. Si les administrateurs eux-m\u00eames n\u2019ont pas le sentiment que leur voix est entendue, comment pourraient-ils \u00eatre des relais aupr\u00e8s des administr\u00e9s ? Comment att\u00e9nuer les fortes suspicions <em>par le bas<\/em> g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9es par les insuffisances communicationnelles et par un long historique de non-redevabilit\u00e9 des responsables politiques ? Ce qui est \u00e0 l\u2019\u0153uvre dans les modalit\u00e9s de gestion de la crise du Covid-19 n\u2019est pas autre chose qu\u2019une strat\u00e9gie de l\u00e9gitimation des m\u00e9canismes de domination.    <\/span><\/p><h3><span class=\"hNTrR J0Hwa\"><em>Gestion de la crise et instrumentalisation de l\u2019action publique<\/em><\/span><\/h3><p><span class=\"hNTrR J0Hwa\">Dans le cadre de la lutte contre le Covid-19, le chef de l\u2019\u00c9tat aurait fait un \u00ab don sp\u00e9cial \u00bb de 2 milliards de FCFA (environ 3 millions d\u2019euros) aux Camerounais\u00b7e\u00b7s. Sur la base de ce don, l\u2019administration d\u2019\u00c9tat va se mobiliser autour d\u2019un important dispositif de soutien social des m\u00e9nages les plus vuln\u00e9rables \u00e0 travers le pays. Le d\u00e9ploiement de ce dispositif a fait la publicit\u00e9 du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique dont l\u2019immense g\u00e9n\u00e9rosit\u00e9 (et l\u2019immense portrait \u00e0 d\u00e9faut de sa pr\u00e9sence physique) a largement \u00e9t\u00e9 mise en avant \u00e0 chaque distribution. La tentative de contestation de ce \u00ab don \u00bb par un chef de village au cours d\u2019une redistribution, mais surtout la menace de destitution du haut administrateur qui proc\u00e9dait \u00e0 la distribution, illustrent la domination paternaliste qui caract\u00e9rise les relations entre gouvernant\u00b7e\u00b7s et gouvern\u00e9\u00b7e\u00b7s au Cameroun (Bigomb\u00e9 Logo &amp; Menthong, 1996). Alors qu\u2019au d\u00e9but de la crise de Covid-19, en mars 2020, plusieurs chefs d\u2019\u00c9tat africains se sont mis en avant en invitant les populations au calme et au respect des gestes barri\u00e8res<a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftn16\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hook=\"web-link\"><u>[17]<\/u><\/a>, l\u2019absence du pr\u00e9sident Biya, pendant pr\u00e8s de deux mois, avait suscit\u00e9 beaucoup de rumeurs sur sa sant\u00e9, au point que l\u2019opposition avait demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e nationale de constater la vacance du pouvoir<a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftn17\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hook=\"web-link\"><u>[18]<\/u><\/a>. La distribution de ce \u00ab don sp\u00e9cial \u00bb servira de marketing politique \u00e0 la faveur du chef de l\u2019\u00c9tat, paradoxalement invisible.     <\/span><\/p><p><span class=\"hNTrR J0Hwa\">Au Cameroun, le r\u00e9f\u00e9rentiel de l\u2019action gouvernementale<a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftn18\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hook=\"web-link\"><u>[19] <\/u><\/a>est fortement impr\u00e9gn\u00e9 par la rh\u00e9torique du don et de la g\u00e9n\u00e9rosit\u00e9 du chef de l\u2019\u00c9tat. Ces dons se confondent voire supplantent l\u2019action gouvernementale. Or, la signification du don n\u2019est pas anodine ; il participe \u00e0 une strat\u00e9gie de l\u00e9gitimation du pouvoir et de renforcement des liens de reconnaissance vis-\u00e0-vis de l\u2019autorit\u00e9 qui l\u2019offre. B\u00e9atrice Hibou (2011) note ainsi que l\u2019une des logiques de l\u2019\u00e9conomie politique du don ou du cadeau en situations autoritaires est non pas seulement de \u00ab tenir \u00bb ou \u00ab acheter \u00bb, mais aussi d\u2019\u00ab obliger \u00bb \u00e0 la reconnaissance permanente. Au Cameroun, m\u00eame lorsqu\u2019elles n\u2019appartiennent pas au gouvernement, les autorit\u00e9s politiques investies dans l\u2019action publique ne manquent jamais de rappeler la g\u00e9n\u00e9rosit\u00e9 du chef de l\u2019\u00c9tat (et de son \u00e9pouse). C\u2019est \u00e9galement le cas lorsqu\u2019une infrastructure est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e (routes, \u00e9coles, h\u00f4pitaux, etc.) ou lorsque des plans sociaux sont d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s, comme ici, dans le cadre de la lutte contre la Covid-19. Selon Patrick D. Belinga Ondoua (2018, p. 67) :      <\/span><\/p><div id=\"viewer-uo00u38612\" dir=\"ltr\"><blockquote class=\"RZBDs\"><div id=\"viewer-z9zl658610\" class=\"J0Hwa xHBmq\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"_4fqav J0Hwa\">Cette logique du don est une strat\u00e9gie politique, une ruse destin\u00e9e au \u00ab blanchiment \u00bb de l\u2019incapacit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00c9tat \u00e0 assumer ses charges financi\u00e8res, surtout en p\u00e9riode de crise. C\u2019est surtout l\u2019opportunit\u00e9 d\u2019affirmer la position centrale occup\u00e9e par le chef de l\u2019\u00c9tat, <em>pourvoyeur supr\u00eame<\/em> des populations vuln\u00e9rables. <\/span><\/div><\/blockquote><\/div><p><span class=\"hNTrR J0Hwa\">D\u2019autres personnalit\u00e9s publiques ont aussi particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cet affichage de prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9 mat\u00e9rielle \u00e0 grand renfort de communication politique en faveur du pr\u00e9sident Biya. Cependant, l\u2019initiative survie, port\u00e9e par l\u2019opposant Maurice Kamto (candidat malheureux \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2018), n\u2019a pas eu le m\u00eame traitement. Sur les comptes Facebook<a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftn19\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hook=\"web-link\"><u>[20]<\/u><\/a> et Twitter<a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftn20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hook=\"web-link\"><u>[21]<\/u><\/a> @cameroonsurvival, cette d\u00e9marche se pr\u00e9sente comme une initiative populaire et non partisane, visant \u00e0 accompagner le peuple camerounais dans sa lutte contre la pand\u00e9mie. Les appels aux dons auraient permis de mobiliser plus de 700 millions de FCFA (plus d\u2019un million d\u2019euros) en six mois. Mais quelques jours seulement apr\u00e8s son lancement en avril 2020, le ministre de l\u2019Administration territoriale, Paul Atanga Nji, sommait les op\u00e9rateurs de t\u00e9l\u00e9phonie mobile MTN et Orange Cameroun de proc\u00e9der sans d\u00e9lai \u00e0 la fermeture des comptes mobile money<a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftn21\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hook=\"web-link\"><u>[22]<\/u><\/a>, et au gel des fonds de l\u2019initiative. Dans un contexte d\u2019urgence sanitaire et sociale, une telle posture a \u00e9t\u00e9 interpr\u00e9t\u00e9e comme relevant d\u2019un calcul politicien (emp\u00eacher une r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration politique par l\u2019opposition) plut\u00f4t que d\u2019une r\u00e9elle volont\u00e9 de venir en aide aux populations.     <\/span><\/p><div id=\"viewer-yxuho38624\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM J0Hwa xHBmq\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"_4fqav J0Hwa\"> <\/span><\/div><h2><span class=\"hNTrR J0Hwa\">Gestion de la Covid-19 et d\u00e9tournement de fonds<\/span><\/h2><p><span class=\"hNTrR J0Hwa\">En juin 2021, \u00e0 la demande du Fonds mon\u00e9taire international (qui avait d\u00e9bloqu\u00e9 une enveloppe de 214 milliards de FCFA pour renforcer le plan national de riposte contre la Covid-19), la Chambre des comptes de la Cour supr\u00eame a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9, dans un rapport officiel, une mauvaise gestion des fonds allou\u00e9s pour lutter contre la pand\u00e9mie. Certaines conclusions du rapport avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 fuit\u00e9 au mois de mai, poussant la cr\u00e9ation par le gouvernement d\u2019une <em>Task Force <\/em>sp\u00e9ciale <em>Covid-19<\/em> dirig\u00e9e par le Secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de la pr\u00e9sidence du Cameroun. La gestion de la crise sanitaire \u00e9tait jusque-l\u00e0 sous l\u2019autorit\u00e9 du Premier ministre. Cette d\u00e9cision, qui par ailleurs, serait selon certaines figures politiques et scientifiques, une simple man\u0153uvre politique interne (sur fond de conflit entre le Secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de la pr\u00e9sidence et le Premier ministre), n\u2019est pas moins la cons\u00e9quence d\u2019une gestion catastrophique qui a conduit au d\u00e9tournement de 180 milliards de FCFA (275 millions d\u2019euros), comme l\u2019indique le rapport. Ce dernier souligne en effet des dysfonctionnements et des malversations, des d\u00e9passements de budget, des surfacturations, des prestations fictives, des prestations douteuses et plus encore. Plusieurs membres du gouvernement sont mis en cause, dont le ministre de la Sant\u00e9 publique et le ministre de la Recherche et de l\u2019Innovation scientifique, toujours en fonction aux m\u00eames postes. Malgr\u00e9 les conclusions accablantes de ce rapport, aucun membre du gouvernement n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 interpell\u00e9, et aucune sanction n\u2019a (encore) \u00e9t\u00e9 prise. Dans le m\u00eame temps, le gouvernement lan\u00e7ait sa premi\u00e8re campagne de vaccination contre la Covid-19. \u00c0 la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2021, apr\u00e8s quatre campagnes de vaccination, moins de 5 % de la population \u00e9tait vaccin\u00e9e, loin des objectifs de 40 % affich\u00e9s par le minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9. Certes, il ne fait pas de doutes que les r\u00e9ticences au vaccin contre la Covid-19 sont le fait : 1) de la non-s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie \u2013 \u00ab Vu l\u2019impact de la maladie ici, on comprend un peu pourquoi quel que soit ce que le gouvernement va dire, ce n\u2019est pas une priorit\u00e9, les gens ne sont pas int\u00e9ress\u00e9s \u00bb (Pr M., partenaire international)<a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftn22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hook=\"web-link\"><u>[23]<\/u><\/a> ; et 2) de certaines id\u00e9es re\u00e7ues et des th\u00e9ories complotistes amplifi\u00e9es par les r\u00e9seaux sociaux<a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftn23\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hook=\"web-link\"><u>[24]<\/u><\/a>. Mais sans aucun doute, ces r\u00e9ticences sont aussi la cons\u00e9quence d\u2019un d\u00e9litement de la confiance politique vis-\u00e0-vis des dirigeants. Le long historique de d\u00e9tournements de fonds dont le \u00ab Covidgate \u00bb est embl\u00e9matique, le manque de transparence, et surtout, l\u2019absence de filets de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale et \u00e9conomique expliquent ce manque de confiance.           <\/span><\/p><p><span class=\"hNTrR J0Hwa\">Cette situation se rapproche de celle qu\u2019a document\u00e9e Syna Ouattara (2020) en Guin\u00e9e en 2015. \u00c0 partir d\u2019une m\u00e9thodologie ethnographique mixte combinant ethnographie rapide et ethnographie cibl\u00e9e<a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftn24\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hook=\"web-link\"><u>[25]<\/u><\/a>, il a pu mettre en \u00e9vidence trois facteurs qui ont contribu\u00e9 aux r\u00e9ticences et actes de r\u00e9sistance face aux mesures de lutte contre l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie d\u2019\u00c9bola \u00e0 savoir : un manque d\u2019informations appropri\u00e9es sur les centres de traitement, un manque de transparence et un manque de confiance dans les autorit\u00e9s locales et les \u00e9quipes d\u2019intervention. C\u2019est la prise en compte des pr\u00e9occupations des populations qui a permis d\u2019am\u00e9liorer les interventions. De fait, le cr\u00e9dit si rapidement accord\u00e9 aux th\u00e9ories complotistes et les r\u00e9ticences observ\u00e9es dans la lutte contre la Covid-19 sont le signe d\u2019un manque de confiance g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e envers celles et ceux qui gouvernent, tant par le doute concernant leurs capacit\u00e9s que par la difficult\u00e9 \u00e0 leur pr\u00eater des intentions honn\u00eates. <em>Violences historiques et r\u00e9gimes de doute<\/em> persistent, comme le montre Mathieu Fribault dans le cas de la Guin\u00e9e (Fribault, 2015).   <\/span><\/p><p><span class=\"hNTrR J0Hwa\">En l\u2019absence de routines administratives et de strat\u00e9gies de communication ouvertes, adapt\u00e9es et transparentes, l\u2019adh\u00e9sion aux mesures prises est totalement incertaine. On peut le constater \u00e0 partir des propos du professeur N. T.<a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftn25\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hook=\"web-link\"><u>[26]<\/u><\/a>, membre du conseil scientifique : <\/span><\/p><div id=\"viewer-inx5638647\" dir=\"ltr\"><blockquote class=\"RZBDs\"><div id=\"viewer-wo08h61527\" class=\"J0Hwa xHBmq\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"_4fqav J0Hwa\">Les zones les moins scolaris\u00e9es sont paradoxalement les zones o\u00f9 il y a moins de r\u00e9ticences, o\u00f9 les gens \u00e9coutent leurs \u00e9lites. Le Grand Nord est la r\u00e9gion la plus vaccin\u00e9e pour ces m\u00eames raisons. Mais dans les zones o\u00f9 la scolarisation est importante, Yaound\u00e9, Douala, Bafoussam par exemple, les taux de refus sont impressionnants. [\u2026] La d\u00e9fiance est l\u00e0. [\u2026] Le d\u00e9fi est celui du gouvernement qui doit garder la confiance de son peuple, et ce n\u2019est pas gagn\u00e9 avec le Covidgate.    <\/span><\/div><\/blockquote><\/div><div id=\"viewer-zc9gs38649\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM J0Hwa xHBmq\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"_4fqav J0Hwa\"> <\/span><\/div><h2><span class=\"hNTrR J0Hwa\">Conclusion<\/span><\/h2><p><span class=\"hNTrR J0Hwa\">L\u2019analyse de l\u2019action publique permet une analyse sociologique de l\u2019\u00c9tat. Cette analyse a fait ressortir plusieurs \u00e9l\u00e9ments structurels caract\u00e9ristiques d\u2019un <em>\u00c9tat stationnaire<\/em> (Eboko &amp; Awondo, 2018, p. 7). Ce qui autorise \u00e0 parler de fracture politique dans le cas pr\u00e9sent, c\u2019est le poids des logiques d\u00e9cisionnelles de l\u2019action publique, qui r\u00e9sistent \u00e0 toute forme d\u2019autonomie susceptible de favoriser le dialogue, la concertation et le compromis, et cela nuit au pragmatisme qu\u2019exige l\u2019urgence sanitaire ; c\u2019est le poids d\u2019une \u00e9lite dominante dont les actions ont confort\u00e9 les perceptions d\u2019une \u00e9lite corrompue et sourde aux besoins des populations dont elles ont la charge ; c\u2019est la difficile transparence dans les relations avec le niveau op\u00e9rationnel, du fait d\u2019une volont\u00e9 de contr\u00f4le et de monopole permanent ; c\u2019est enfin, dans un contexte num\u00e9rique qui invite \u00e0 repenser la communication de proximit\u00e9, une apathie politique marqu\u00e9e par le manque de r\u00e9activit\u00e9 et de cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9 dans la transmission de l\u2019information et la communication sur la Covid-19. Ainsi serait-il faux de penser que seuls les r\u00e9seaux sociaux ont nourri les r\u00e9ticences, voire la d\u00e9fiance face aux consignes de pr\u00e9vention et autres mesures de lutte contre la Covid-19. Bien au contraire, le m\u00e9contentement et le manque de confiance vis-\u00e0-vis de la classe dirigeante, mais aussi les contradictions internes \u00e0 l\u2019appareil d\u2019\u00c9tat, ont tout autant donn\u00e9 du poids aux th\u00e9ories du complot et autres <em>fake news<\/em>, expliquant l\u2019attitude de d\u00e9fiance des Camerounais\u00b7e\u00b7s dans une p\u00e9riode qui appelle pourtant \u00e0 la synergie. Cela pose un enjeu central dans la gestion du pouvoir politique et invite \u00e0 repenser les relations \u00c9tat-soci\u00e9t\u00e9 autant au Cameroun que dans d\u2019autres pays au profil similaire, dans la perspective d\u2019une d\u00e9centralisation effective comme le souligne Bang (2020). Celle-ci vise \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la gouvernance locale et \u00e0 rapprocher le pouvoir des citoyen\u00b7ne\u00b7s.     <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d9184d e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2d9184d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7fd8c3 ignoretoc elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a7fd8c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">L'auteur<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38b0172 ignoretoc elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-link-in-bio\" data-id=\"38b0172\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"link-in-bio.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio e-link-in-bio\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image e-link-in-bio__identity-image-profile has-style-circle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Larissa-Kojoue-225x300.png\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image-element\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Larissa-Kojoue-225x300.png 225w, https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Larissa-Kojoue.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bio\">\n\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"e-link-in-bio__heading\">Larissa Kojou\u00e9<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"e-link-in-bio__title\">Docteure en science politique, chercheure associ\u00e9e au CEPED, Paris<\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"e-link-in-bio__description\">\n<\/p>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icons has-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon is-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a aria-label=\"Email\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-link\" href=\"mailto:kojouel@hrw.org?subject=Contact%20from%20GA%20Bio\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-svg\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__ctas has-type-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/authors\/larissa%20kojoue\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener \" class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta is-type-button has-corners-rounded\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tVoir le profil complet\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4596ddf ignoretoc elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-link-in-bio\" data-id=\"4596ddf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"link-in-bio.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio e-link-in-bio\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image e-link-in-bio__identity-image-profile has-style-circle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Calvin-Minfegue--225x300.png\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image-element\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Calvin-Minfegue--225x300.png 225w, https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Calvin-Minfegue-.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bio\">\n\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"e-link-in-bio__heading\">Calvin Minfegue <\/h5>\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"e-link-in-bio__title\">Enseignant-chercheur<\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"e-link-in-bio__description\">Universit\u00e9 Catholique d\u2019Afrique Centrale, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences Juridiques et Politiques et Institut des Politiques et Initiatives Sociales\n<\/p>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icons has-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon is-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a aria-label=\"Email\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-link\" href=\"mailto:minassc@yahoo.fr?subject=Contact%20from%20GA%20Bio\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-svg\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__ctas has-type-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/authors\/calvin%20minfegue\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener \" class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta is-type-button has-corners-rounded\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tVoir le profil complet\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3736640 ignoretoc elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-link-in-bio\" data-id=\"3736640\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"link-in-bio.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio e-link-in-bio\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image e-link-in-bio__identity-image-profile has-style-circle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Claire-Lefort-Rieux--225x300.png\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image-element\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Claire-Lefort-Rieux--225x300.png 225w, https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Claire-Lefort-Rieux-.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bio\">\n\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"e-link-in-bio__heading\">Claire Lefort-Rieu \n<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"e-link-in-bio__title\">Postdoctorante <\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"e-link-in-bio__description\">au Laboratoire d\u2019anthropologie sociale et culturelle (LASC), Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge <\/p>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icons has-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon is-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a aria-label=\"Email\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-link\" href=\"mailto:clefort@uliege.be?subject=Contact%20from%20GA%20Bio\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-svg\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__ctas has-type-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/authors\/clairelefort-rieu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener \" class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta is-type-button has-corners-rounded\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tVoir le profil complet\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9c50ea8 ignoretoc elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-link-in-bio\" data-id=\"9c50ea8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"link-in-bio.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio e-link-in-bio\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image e-link-in-bio__identity-image-profile has-style-circle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Laurent-Vidal--225x300.png\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image-element\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Laurent-Vidal--225x300.png 225w, https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Laurent-Vidal-.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bio\">\n\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"e-link-in-bio__heading\">Laurent Vidal <\/h5>\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"e-link-in-bio__title\">Directeur de recherche, <\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"e-link-in-bio__description\">IRD, UMR SESSTIM (AMU, IRD, INSERM), Repr\u00e9sentant de l\u2019IRD, du CNRS et du CIRAD en Afrique du Sud et Australe<\/p>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icons has-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon is-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a aria-label=\"Email\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-link\" href=\"mailto:%20laurent.vidal@ird.fr?subject=Contact%20from%20GA%20Bio\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-svg\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__ctas has-type-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/authors\/laurent%20vidal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener \" class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta is-type-button has-corners-rounded\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tVoir le profil complet\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff89ea2 ignoretoc elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-link-in-bio\" data-id=\"ff89ea2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"link-in-bio.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio e-link-in-bio\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image e-link-in-bio__identity-image-profile has-style-circle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Marie-Therese-Mengue--225x300.png\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image-element\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Marie-Therese-Mengue--225x300.png 225w, https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Marie-Therese-Mengue-.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bio\">\n\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"e-link-in-bio__heading\">Marie-Th\u00e9r\u00e8se Mengue<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"e-link-in-bio__title\">Enseignant-chercheur. <\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"e-link-in-bio__description\">Universit\u00e9 Catholique d\u2019Afrique Centrale, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences Sociales et de Gestion, D\u00e9partement Socio-Anthropologie, Institut des Politiques et Initiatives Sociales<\/p>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icons has-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon is-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a aria-label=\"Email\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-link\" href=\"mailto:%20mengue_mt@yahoo.fr?subject=Contact%20from%20GA%20Bio\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-svg\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__ctas has-type-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/authors\/laurent%20vidal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener \" class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta is-type-button has-corners-rounded\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tVoir le profil complet\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6ead9e ignoretoc elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-link-in-bio\" data-id=\"d6ead9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"link-in-bio.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio e-link-in-bio\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image e-link-in-bio__identity-image-profile has-style-circle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Laetitia-Atlani-Duault--225x300.png\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image-element\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Laetitia-Atlani-Duault--225x300.png 225w, https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Laetitia-Atlani-Duault-.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bio\">\n\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"e-link-in-bio__heading\">Laetitia Atlani-Duault<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"e-link-in-bio__title\">Anthropologue, <\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"e-link-in-bio__description\">directrice de recherche, CEPED, Universit\u00e9 de Paris<\/p>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icons has-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon is-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a aria-label=\"Email\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-link\" href=\"mailto:%20laetitia.atlanti-duault@u-paris.fr?subject=Contact%20from%20GA%20Bio\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-svg\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__ctas has-type-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/authors\/laetitia%20atlani-duault\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener \" class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta is-type-button has-corners-rounded\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tVoir le profil complet\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca44f9b ignoretoc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ca44f9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c9galement dans ce num\u00e9ro<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08ab0bf elementor-grid-1 elementor-grid-tablet-1 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-posts--thumbnail-top elementor-posts--show-avatar elementor-card-shadow-yes elementor-posts__hover-gradient elementor-widget elementor-widget-posts\" data-id=\"08ab0bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_columns&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_row_gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:27,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_columns_tablet&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_columns_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_row_gap_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_row_gap_tablet_extra&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_row_gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_row_gap_mobile_extra&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_row_gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"posts.posts_cards_pp_authors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-posts-container elementor-posts elementor-posts--skin-posts_cards_pp_authors elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-15271 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-revue author-global-africa\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/numero-10-global-africa-savoirs-protecteurs-savoir-proteger\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"1200\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Issue-10-\u2013-Global-AfricaProtective-Knowledges-The-Wisdom-to-Protect-.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-15268\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t        <div class=\"elementor-post__avatar\">\n            <img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/>        <\/div>\n        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/numero-10-global-africa-savoirs-protecteurs-savoir-proteger\/\" target=&quot;_blank&quot;>\n\t\t\t\tNum\u00e9ro 10 \u2013 Global Africa\u00ab Savoirs protecteurs, savoir prot\u00e9ger \u00bb\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/numero-10-global-africa-savoirs-protecteurs-savoir-proteger\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur Num\u00e9ro 10 \u2013 Global Africa\u00ab Savoirs protecteurs, savoir prot\u00e9ger \u00bb\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\tRead More \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t        <span class=\"elementor-post-author\">\n\t\t\tGlobal Africa\t\t<\/span>\n        \t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-15509 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-analyses-critiques author-karine-collette-fr author-ibrahima-ba-fr\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/terre-mere-trace-discursive-dune-emancipation-ecologique-au-nord-et-au-sud\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"527\" height=\"752\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Capture-decran-2025-06-27-a-19.19.41.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-14990\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Capture-decran-2025-06-27-a-19.19.41.png 527w, https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Capture-decran-2025-06-27-a-19.19.41-210x300.png 210w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 527px) 100vw, 527px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t        <div class=\"elementor-post__avatar\">\n            <img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/><img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/>        <\/div>\n        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/terre-mere-trace-discursive-dune-emancipation-ecologique-au-nord-et-au-sud\/\" target=&quot;_blank&quot;>\n\t\t\t\tTerre-M\u00e8re : trace discursive d\u2019une \u00e9mancipation \u00e9cologique au Nord et au Sud ?\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/terre-mere-trace-discursive-dune-emancipation-ecologique-au-nord-et-au-sud\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur Terre-M\u00e8re : trace discursive d\u2019une \u00e9mancipation \u00e9cologique au Nord et au Sud ?\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\tRead More \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t        <span class=\"elementor-post-author\">\n\t\t\tKarine Collette, Ibrahima Ba\t\t<\/span>\n        \t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-15517 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-champ author-cheikh-sadibou-sakho-fr author-masengesho-kamuzinzi-fr\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/we-heal-together-un-savoir-protecteur-par-excellence-qui-sinspire-de-lheritage-africain-ou-les-responsabilites-envers-soi-et-envers-autrui-sont-indissociables\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"527\" height=\"752\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Capture-decran-2025-06-27-a-19.18.04.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-14982\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t        <div class=\"elementor-post__avatar\">\n            <img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Cheikh-Sadibou-Sakho-.webp' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Cheikh-Sadibou-Sakho-.webp' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/><img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/>        <\/div>\n        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/we-heal-together-un-savoir-protecteur-par-excellence-qui-sinspire-de-lheritage-africain-ou-les-responsabilites-envers-soi-et-envers-autrui-sont-indissociables\/\" target=&quot;_blank&quot;>\n\t\t\t\t\u00ab We Heal Together \u00bb, un savoir protecteur par excellence qui s\u2019inspire de l\u2019h\u00e9ritage africain, o\u00f9 les responsabilit\u00e9s envers soi et envers autrui sont indissociables\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/we-heal-together-un-savoir-protecteur-par-excellence-qui-sinspire-de-lheritage-africain-ou-les-responsabilites-envers-soi-et-envers-autrui-sont-indissociables\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur \u00ab We Heal Together \u00bb, un savoir protecteur par excellence qui s\u2019inspire de l\u2019h\u00e9ritage africain, o\u00f9 les responsabilit\u00e9s envers soi et envers autrui sont indissociables\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\tRead More \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t        <span class=\"elementor-post-author\">\n\t\t\tCheikh Sadibou Sakho, Masengesho Kamuzinzi\t\t<\/span>\n        \t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-15523 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-analyses-critiques author-cheikh-sadibou-sakho-fr author-ndeye-laity-ndiaye-fr\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/it-takes-a-village-reinventer-la-mise-a-labri-des-survivantes-de-violences-sexuelles-au-senegalpistes-a-partir-de-lexperience-du-centre-kullimaaroo-de-ziguinchor\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"527\" height=\"752\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Capture-decran-2025-06-27-a-19.17.22.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-14992\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t        <div class=\"elementor-post__avatar\">\n            <img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Cheikh-Sadibou-Sakho-.webp' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Cheikh-Sadibou-Sakho-.webp' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/><img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/>        <\/div>\n        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/it-takes-a-village-reinventer-la-mise-a-labri-des-survivantes-de-violences-sexuelles-au-senegalpistes-a-partir-de-lexperience-du-centre-kullimaaroo-de-ziguinchor\/\" target=&quot;_blank&quot;>\n\t\t\t\tIt Takes a Village! (R\u00e9)inventer la mise \u00e0 l\u2019abri des survivantes de violences sexuelles au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal<br>Pistes \u00e0 partir de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience du centre Kullimaaroo de Ziguinchor\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/it-takes-a-village-reinventer-la-mise-a-labri-des-survivantes-de-violences-sexuelles-au-senegalpistes-a-partir-de-lexperience-du-centre-kullimaaroo-de-ziguinchor\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur It Takes a Village! (R\u00e9)inventer la mise \u00e0 l\u2019abri des survivantes de violences sexuelles au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal&lt;br&gt;Pistes \u00e0 partir de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience du centre Kullimaaroo de Ziguinchor\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\tRead More \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t        <span class=\"elementor-post-author\">\n\t\t\tCheikh Sadibou Sakho, Nd\u00e8ye La\u00efty Ndiaye\t\t<\/span>\n        \t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e590199 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e590199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3dd1381 elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-adv-tabs\" data-id=\"3dd1381\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-adv-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t        <div data-scroll-on-click=\"no\" data-scroll-speed=\"300\" id=\"eael-advance-tabs-3dd1381\" class=\"eael-advance-tabs eael-tabs-horizontal eael-tab-auto-active  responsive-vertical-layout\" data-tabid=\"3dd1381\">\n            <div class=\"eael-tabs-nav \">\n                <ul class=\"eael-tab-inline-icon\" role=\"tablist\">\n                                            <li id=\"citing\" class=\"active-default eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"citing-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <i class=\"fas fa-quote-left\"><\/i>                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Pour citer l&rsquo;article :<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"Notes\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"Notes-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <i class=\"fas fa-notes-medical\"><\/i>                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Notes<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"Bibliography\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"Bibliography-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <i class=\"fas fa-book\"><\/i>                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Bibliographie<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                    \n                                  <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"eael-tabs-content\">\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"citing-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item active-default\" data-title-link=\"citing-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <h5>APA<\/h5>\n<p>Kojou\u00e9, L., Minfegue, C., Lefort-Rieu, C., Vidal, L., Mengue, M.-T., &amp; Atlani-Duault, L. (2025). Rendre compte de la fracture politique : crise sanitaire, communication gouvernementale et l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 politique au Cameroun. <em class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\">Global Africa<\/em>, (9), pp. 130-141. <u class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\"><\/u><u class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\"><a class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57832\/88mp-mm97\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57832\/88mp-mm97<\/a><\/u><\/p>\n<h5>MLA<\/h5>\n<p>Kojou\u00e9, Larissa, et al. \u00ab Rendre compte de la fracture politique : crise sanitaire, communication gouvernementale et l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 politique au Cameroun. \u00bb <em class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\">Global Africa<\/em>, no. 9, 2025, pp. 130-141. doi.org\/10.57832\/6jvc-sq56  <\/p>\n<h5>DOI<\/h5>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57832\/88mp-mm97\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57832\/8fbv-0267<\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdns2\" class=\"comp-m8mdjdns2 YzqVVZ wixui-column-strip__column\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdnu1\" class=\"HcOXKn c9GqVL QxJLC3 lq2cno YQcXTT comp-m8mdjdnu1 wixui-rich-text\">\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdns2\" class=\"comp-m8mdjdns2 YzqVVZ wixui-column-strip__column\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdnu1\" class=\"HcOXKn c9GqVL QxJLC3 lq2cno YQcXTT comp-m8mdjdnu1 wixui-rich-text\">\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdns2\" class=\"comp-m8mdjdns2 YzqVVZ wixui-column-strip__column\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdnu1\" class=\"HcOXKn c9GqVL QxJLC3 lq2cno YQcXTT comp-m8mdjdnu1 wixui-rich-text\">\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\">\u00a9 2023 by author(s). This work is openly licensed via CC BY-NC 4.0 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"Notes-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"Notes-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <div id=\"comp-m8mdjdng8\" class=\"HcOXKn c9GqVL QxJLC3 lq2cno YQcXTT comp-m8mdjdng8 wixui-rich-text\">\n<p class=\"font_4 wixui-rich-text__text\"><a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftnref1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>[1]<\/u><\/a>Exemples de mots-cl\u00e9s utilis\u00e9s ensemble ou s\u00e9par\u00e9ment avec le hashtag : #Covid19+Cameroun, #Vaccin+COvid+Cameroun, <a class=\"TJXSk\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/search\/posts?query=%23#ORCA\" target=\"__blank\">#ORCA<\/a>+Covid, <a class=\"TJXSk\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/search\/posts?query=%23#Covidgate\" target=\"__blank\">#Covidgate<\/a>#, #Cousp+Covid, <a class=\"TJXSk\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/search\/posts?query=%23#Covid\" target=\"__blank\">#Covid<\/a>+Tchuient\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdjdnh6\" class=\"TWFxr5 \">\n<div class=\"comp-m8mdjdnh6\">\n<div class=\"syIivg8 comp-m8mdjdnh6\">\n<div class=\"tkOJV\">\n<div class=\"CHIMZ\">\n<div class=\"dm6kF\">\n<p id=\"viewer-c9a9k38905\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\"><a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftnref2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>[2]<\/u><\/a> <a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.spm.gov.cm\/site\/?q=fr\/content\/strategie-gouvernementale-de-riposte-face-la-pandemie-de-coronavirus-covid-19\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>https:\/\/www.spm.gov.cm\/site\/?q=fr\/content\/strategie-gouvernementale-de-riposte-face-la-pandemie-de-coronavirus-covid-19<\/u><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-mt6i738910\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\"><a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftnref3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>[3]<\/u><\/a> <a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.minsante.cm\/site\/sites\/default\/files\/Dossier-de-presse-COVID--10-1.pdf\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>https:\/\/www.minsante.cm\/site\/sites\/default\/files\/Dossier-de-presse-COVID&#8211;10-1.pdf<\/u><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-nlr5n38915\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\"><a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftnref4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>[4]<\/u><\/a> <a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/DrManaouda\/status\/1243940558067970049\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>Dr Manaouda Malachie sur X<\/u><\/a>: \u00ab Le Cameroun compte cet apr\u00e8s-midi 99 cas confirm\u00e9s de Covid-19. Soyons vigilants et observons les r\u00e8gles d\u2019hygi\u00e8ne prescrites pour barrer la route \u00e0 ce virus. Lavons-nous r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement les mains avec de l\u2019eau et du savon. Mettons-nous \u00e0 1,5 m de l\u2019autre, sinon restons chez nous. \u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-4ndxc38928\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\"><a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftnref5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>[5]<\/u><\/a> Comme en t\u00e9moignent des articles de presse et des commentaires sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. <a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/nkowa.com\/gouvernement-du-cameroun-doit-prendre-lexemple-sur-son-ministre-de-la-sante-publique\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>https:\/\/nkowa.com\/gouvernement-du-cameroun-doit-prendre-lexemple-sur-son-ministre-de-la-sante-publique\/<\/u><\/a>; <a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cameroon-tribune.cm\/article.html\/32276\/fr.html\/prise-en-charge-autres-pathologies-le-minsante-verifie-leffectivite\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>https:\/\/www.cameroon-tribune.cm\/article.html\/32276\/fr.html\/prise-en-charge-autres-pathologies-le-minsante-verifie-leffectivite<\/u><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-zcnul38935\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\"><a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftnref6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>[6]<\/u><\/a> Au Cameroun, on pr\u00e9f\u00e8re souvent le terme \u00ab cache-nez \u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-4b7n438938\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\"><a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftnref7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>[7]<\/u><\/a> Le 13 mai 2021, quartier Etoug-\u00e9b\u00e9, Yaound\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-a7v8638941\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\"><a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftnref8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>[8]<\/u><\/a> Entretien r\u00e9alis\u00e9 le 5 octobre 2021, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-h11gb38944\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\"><a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftnref9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>[9]<\/u><\/a> Chercheur et m\u00e9decin, directeur adjoint du site ANRS \u00e0 Yaound\u00e9, le colonel Mpoudi Ngoll\u00e9 \u00e9tait aussi directeur de l\u2019Institut de recherches m\u00e9dicales et d\u2019\u00e9tudes des plantes m\u00e9dicinales (Cremer\/IMPM). Il est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en septembre 2021, deux mois apr\u00e8s cette interview. Nous en profitons pour saluer sa contribution au rayonnement de la recherche scientifique au Cameroun.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-7xyqt38951\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\"><a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftnref10\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>[10]<\/u><\/a> Entretien r\u00e9alis\u00e9 le 15 juillet 2021 \u00e0 Yaound\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-j29wv38954\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\"><a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftnref11\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>[11]<\/u><\/a> <a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cameroon-tribune.cm\/article.html\/31745\/en.html\/travail-gouvernemental-le-rappel-l-ordre\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>https:\/\/www.cameroon-tribune.cm\/article.html\/31745\/en.html\/travail-gouvernemental-le-rappel-l-ordre<\/u><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-kmveo38958\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\"><a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftnref12\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>[12]<\/u><\/a> Les d\u00e9terminants sociaux comme le niveau d\u2019\u00e9ducation, l\u2019environnement familial ou social sont aussi \u00e0 prendre en compte dans l\u2019analyse sur la confiance politique. <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-zjzj338963\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\"><a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftnref13\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>[13]<\/u><\/a> Les premi\u00e8res \u00e9tudes sur l\u2019\u00c9tat postcolonial parlent ainsi de \u00ab politique du ventre \u00bb (Bayart, 1989) ou d\u2019\u00ab \u00c9tat patrimonialis\u00e9 \u00bb (M\u00e9dard, 1990).<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-dprhm38966\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\"><a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftnref14\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>[14]<\/u><\/a> Entretien r\u00e9alis\u00e9 le 15 juin 2021 \u00e0 Yaound\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-pkx1b38969\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\"><a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftnref15\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>[15]<\/u><\/a> Le Championnat d\u2019Afrique des Nations (CHAN) est un tournoi de football r\u00e9serv\u00e9 aux joueurs locaux.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-ifvw638974\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\"><a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftnref16\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>[16]<\/u><\/a> Certains, dont Macky Sall et Paul Kagam\u00e9, ont m\u00eame particip\u00e9 au challenge SafeHandsChallenge (mains saines) lanc\u00e9 par l\u2019OMS sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-2zb3o38977\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\"><a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftnref17\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>[17]<\/u><\/a> La question des absences du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique du Cameroun, notamment pour des s\u00e9jours r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9s et assez longs en Suisse, n\u2019est pas un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne nouveau et lui a valu une r\u00e9putation de \u00ab pr\u00e9sident absent \u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-hqekm38981\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\"><a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftnref18\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>[18]<\/u><\/a> Pierre Muller parle de r\u00e9f\u00e9rentiel de l\u2019action collective pour signifier que les politiques publiques sont, au-del\u00e0 de l\u2019affrontement entre acteurs, le lieu de construction d\u2019un certain rapport au monde. De fait, les repr\u00e9sentations que se donne une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 pour comprendre et agir sur le r\u00e9el tel qu\u2019il est per\u00e7u. La d\u00e9finition d\u2019une politique publique repose sur une repr\u00e9sentation de la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 qui constitue le r\u00e9f\u00e9rentiel de cette politique (Muller, 2010, p. 555).  <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-kin5h38984\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\"><a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftnref19\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>[19]<\/u><\/a> <a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/cameroonsurvival\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/cameroonsurvival\/<\/u><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-cdkx938988\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\"><a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftnref20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>[20]<\/u><\/a> <a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/SurvieCameroun\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>https:\/\/twitter.com\/SurvieCameroun<\/u><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-ua1ki38992\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\"><a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftnref21\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>[21]<\/u><\/a> Le mobile money permet aux individus de recevoir, conserver, envoyer ou d\u00e9penser de l\u2019argent \u00e0 partir de leur t\u00e9l\u00e9phone portable. <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-zyehm38996\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\"><a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftnref22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>[22]<\/u><\/a> Entretien r\u00e9alis\u00e9 le 12 juillet 2021 \u00e0 Yaound\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-fjsu638999\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\"><a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftnref23\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>[23]<\/u><\/a> Notamment l\u2019id\u00e9e des vaccins utilis\u00e9s comme arme biom\u00e9dicale l\u00e9tale sur le long terme.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-xbh6d39002\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\"><a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftnref24\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>[24]<\/u><\/a> Ces deux m\u00e9thodes d\u2019enqu\u00eate ethnographique se distinguent de la m\u00e9thode classique par leur port\u00e9e pratique, pour faciliter l\u2019intervention rapide en situation de crise dans un d\u00e9lai court.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-csway39005\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\"><a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-07-en#_ftnref25\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>[25]<\/u><\/a> Entretien r\u00e9alis\u00e9 le 14 juillet 2021 \u00e0 Yaound\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"Bibliography-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"Bibliography-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <p id=\"viewer-y0wn338661\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\">Atangana-Ab\u00e9, J. (2021). La gestion de la pand\u00e9mie de Covid-19 au Cameroun\u202f: bilan et perspectives. <em>Organisations &amp; Territoires<\/em>, <em>30<\/em>(3), 121\u2011139. <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-jmkmv38667\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\">Atlani-Duault, L., Rousseau, C., Moatti, J.-P., Delfraissy, J.-F., &amp; Murgue, B. (2013). Behavioural research in epidemics. <em>The Lancet. Infectious Diseases <\/em>, <em>13<\/em>(7), 567-568. <a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70097-5\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70097-5<\/u><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-c2hxn38674\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\">Atlani-Duault, L., Ward, J. K., Roy, M., Morin, C., &amp; Wilson, A. (2020). Tracking online heroisation and blame in epidemics.  <em>The Lancet. Public Health <\/em>, <em>5<\/em>(3), e137\u201138. <a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30033-5\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30033-5<\/u><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-kk8hq38681\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\">Bang, H. (2020). An Overview of the Covid-19 Crisis Management in Cameroon: Decentralised Governance Response Needed. <em>Annals of Disaster Risk Sciences<\/em>, <em>3<\/em>(2). <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-t78o038687\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\">Bayart, J.-F. (1989). <em>L\u2019\u00c9tat en Afrique. La politique du ventre <\/em>. Fayard.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-p2h5p38691\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\">Belinga Ondoua, P. D. (2018). Politique de la suspicion et d\u00e9veloppement urbain au Cameroun. Le programme participatif d\u2019am\u00e9lioration des bidonvilles (PPAB) dans la ville de Yaound\u00e9. <em>Politique africaine<\/em>, <em>150<\/em>(2), 53\u201174.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-y2qd738697\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\">Bigomb\u00e9 Logo, P., &amp; Menthong, H.-L. (1996). Crise de l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 et \u00e9vidence de la continuit\u00e9 politique. <em>Politique africaine<\/em>,<em> 62<\/em>, 15\u201123.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-b7k1538703\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\">Carri\u00f3n Mart\u00edn, A. I., Derrough, T., Honomou, P., Kolie, N., Diallo, B., Kon\u00e9, M., Rodier, G., Kpoghomou, C., &amp; Jans\u00e0, J. M. (2016). Social and cultural factors behind community resistance during an Ebola outbreak in a village of the Guinean Forest region, February 2015: a field experience. <em>International Health<\/em>, <em>8<\/em>(3), 227\u2011229. <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-ypoga38709\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\">Dinga, J. N., Ateke Njoh, A., Dobgima Gamua, S., Eni Muki, S., &amp; Titanji, V. P.K. (2022). Factors driving COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Cameroon and Their Implications for Africa: A Comparison of Two Cross-Sectional Studies Conducted 19 Months Apart in 2020 and 2022. <em>Vaccines, 10<\/em>(9), 1401. <a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines10091401\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u> <\/u><\/a><a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines10091401\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines10091401<\/u><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-2ipg338716\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\">Eboko, F., &amp; Awondo, P. (2018). L\u2019\u00c9tat stationnaire, entre chaos et renaissance. <em>Politique africaine<\/em>, <em>150<\/em>(2), 5\u201127. <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-1e39t38722\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\">Fouda Bita, A. A., Metagne Kengne, V. F., Adiogo, D., &amp; Owona Manga, J. L. (2024). Refus et h\u00e9sitation vis-\u00e0-vis de la vaccination anti-COVID-19 \u00e0 Douala, Cameroun. The Pan African Medical Journal, 48(61),  <a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11604\/pamj.2024.48.61.39880\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u> <\/u><\/a><a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11604\/pamj.2024.48.61.39880\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11604\/pamj.2024.48.61.39880<\/u><\/a>. Fribault, M. (2015). Ebola en Guin\u00e9e\u202f: violences historiques et r\u00e9gimes de doute.   <em>Anthropologie &amp; Sant\u00e9. Revue internationale francophone d\u2019anthropologie de la sant\u00e9, (27). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4000\/anthropologiesante.13028 <\/em>, 11.  <a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4000\/anthropologiesante.1761\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4000\/anthropologiesante.1761<\/u><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-v7er838730\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\">Gwaibi, N. (2022). Cameroon: parliamentary (un)scrutiny amid multiple crises. <em>The Theory and Practice of Legislation<\/em>, <em>10<\/em>(2), 147\u2011164. <a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/20508840.2022.2093495\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/20508840.2022.2093495<\/u><\/a>. <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-x5xx438738\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\">Hardin, R. (dir.) (2004). <em>Distrust<\/em>. Russell Sage Foundation (Russel Sage Foundation Series on Trust). <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-rvz2y38742\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\">Hibou, B. (2011). <em>Anatomie politique de la domination.<\/em> La D\u00e9couverte.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-9cnfu38746\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\">Israr, S. M., Razum, O., Ndiforchu, V., &amp; Martiny, P. (2000). Coping strategies of health personnel during economic crisis: a case study from Cameroon. Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health, 5(4), 288-92, <a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2000.00547.x\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2000.00547.x<\/u><\/a>.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-su0n938752\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\">Kemayou, L. R. (2012). La communication publique entre mythe et r\u00e9alit\u00e9 au Cameroun\u202f: une gouvernance de d\u00e9fiance vis-\u00e0-vis des citoyens usagers\u202f? <em>Pyramides<\/em>. <em>Revue du Centre d\u2019\u00e9tudes et de recherches en administration publique<\/em>, <em>24<\/em>, 151\u2011170. <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-1n0ib38760\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\">Keutcheu, J. (2013). Dialectique du vide et du plein dans la construction de l\u2019ordre \u00e9tatique au Cameroun. <em>R\u00e9seaux,<\/em> <em>180<\/em>(4), 67\u201194, <a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-reseaux-2013-4-page-67.htm\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>http:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-reseaux-2013-4-page-67.htm<\/u><\/a>  <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-rqcou38771\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\">Kojou\u00e9, L. (2020). La continuit\u00e9 autoritariste. L\u2019action publique contre le sida comme r\u00e9v\u00e9lateur des (non)transformations de l\u2019\u00c9tat au Cameroun. <em>Revue internationale de politique de d\u00e9veloppement<\/em>, <em>12<\/em>(1), <a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4000\/poldev.3276\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4000\/poldev.3276<\/u><\/a>.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-kbd6n38781\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\">Kojou\u00e9, L. (2013). <em>Enfants et VIH\/sida au Cameroun. Construction et implications de l\u2019agenda politique <\/em>. [PhD thesis, University of Bordeaux]. <a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"http:\/\/theses.fr\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>Theses.fr<\/u><\/a>. <a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/theses.fr\/2013BOR40044\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>https:\/\/theses.fr\/2013BOR40044<\/u><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-0d15s38790\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\">Lalot, F., &amp; Quiamzade, A. (2021). La confiance politique en temps de crise. <em>The Inquisitive Mind<\/em>,<em> 2<\/em>. <a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.in-mind.org\/fr\/article\/la-confiance-politique-en-temps-de-crise\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>https:\/\/fr.in-mind.org\/fr\/article\/la-confiance-politique-en-temps-de-crise<\/u><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-qt2jp38798\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\">Lefort-Rieu, C., Minfegue C., Kojou\u00e9, L., Vidal, L., Mengue, M-T., &amp; Atlani-Duault, L. (2023). 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Les contraintes d\u2019une action collective de lutte contre le Coronavirus au Cameroun. <em>AfriCovid-19<\/em>. <a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/africovid-19.uqam.ca\/2020\/10\/02\/les-contraintes-dune-action-collective-de-lutte-contre-le-coronavirus-au-cameroun\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>https:\/\/africovid-19.uqam.ca\/2020\/10\/02\/les-contraintes-dune-action-collective-de-lutte-contre-le-coronavirus-au-cameroun\/<\/u><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-28s2a38809\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\">Marcis, F. L., Enria, L., Abramowitz, S., Saez, A.-M., &amp; Faye, S. L. B. (2019). Three Acts of Resistance during the 2014-16 West Africa Ebola Epidemic: A Focus on Community Engagement. <em>Journal of Humanitarian Affairs<\/em>, <em>1<\/em>(2), 23\u201131.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-6iy1a38815\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\">Mazeaud, A., Sa Vilas Boas, M.-H., &amp; Berthom\u00e9, G.-E.-K. (2012). 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Covid-19\u202f: Les cacophonies de la communication gouvernementale. The Muntu Institute. <a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/covid-19-cameroon.org\/covid-19-les-cacophonies-de-la-communication-gouvernementale\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>https:\/\/covid-19-cameroon.org\/covid-19-les-cacophonies-de-la-communication-gouvernementale<\/u><\/a>.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-g5re038838\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\">Ouattara, S. (2020). Rapid and Focused Ethnographies to Decrease Tensions in Guinea\u2019s Ebola Crisis. <em>kritisk etnografi: Swedish Journal of Anthropology<\/em>, <em>3<\/em>(2), 69\u201186. <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-yebze38844\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\">Ouattara, S., &amp; \u00c5rhem, N. (2021). Fighting Ebola in the Shadow of Conspiracy Theories and Sorcery Suspicions. <em>Cahiers d\u2019\u00e9tudes africaines<\/em>, <em>241<\/em>, 9\u201139. <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-23e5y38850\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\">Pommerolle, M-E. (2008). La d\u00e9mobilisation collective au Cameroun: entre r\u00e9gime post autoritaire et militantisme extraverti. <em>Critique internationale,<\/em> <em>40<\/em>(3), 73\u201194.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-8wdvm38858\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\">Riutort, P. (2020). III \/ La communication politique en pratique. In <em>Sociologie de la communication politique <\/em>(pp. 55\u201182). La D\u00e9couverte. <a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/shs.cairn.info\/sociologie-de-la-communication-politique--9782348057458-page-55?lang=fr\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>https:\/\/shs.cairn.info\/sociologie-de-la-communication-politique&#8211;9782348057458-page-55?lang=fr<\/u><\/a>   <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-z97ja38866\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\">Rui, S. (2016). La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile organis\u00e9e et l\u2019imp\u00e9ratif participatif. Ambivalences et concurrence. <em>Histoire, \u00e9conomie &amp; soci\u00e9t\u00e9<\/em>, 35e ann\u00e9e (1), pp. 58\u201174. <a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3917\/hes.161.0058\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3917\/hes.161.0058<\/u><\/a>.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-2z2st38872\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\">Seytre, B., Barros, C., Bona, P., Blahima, K., Rodrigues, A., Varela, O., Yoro, B.M., &amp; Fall, B. (2021. A socio-anthropological survey to support communication on Covid-19 in West Africa. <em>M\u00e9decine tropicale et sant\u00e9 internationale<\/em>, <em>1<\/em>(3). <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-6y56h38878\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\">Sindjoun, L. (1996). Le champ social camerounais : d\u00e9sordre inventif, mythes simplificateurs et stabilit\u00e9 h\u00e9g\u00e9monique de l\u2019Etat. <em>Politique Africaine, 62<\/em>, 57-67. <a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/polaf.hypotheses.org\/files\/2020\/05\/062057.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u> <\/u><\/a><a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/polaf.hypotheses.org\/files\/2020\/05\/062057.pdf\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>https:\/\/polaf.hypotheses.org\/files\/2020\/05\/062057.pdf<\/u><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t                    <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5aff930 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5aff930\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div 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class=\"eael-creative-button-wrapper\">\n\n            <a class=\"eael-creative-button eael-creative-button--default eael-cb-icon-position-\" href=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Doff_canvas%3Aopen%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ImZjMzRiODYiLCJkaXNwbGF5TW9kZSI6Im9wZW4ifQ%3D%3D\" data-text=\"Allez-y !\">\n            \t    \n                <div class=\"creative-button-inner\">\n\n                    \n                    <span class=\"cretive-button-text\">Table des mati\u00e8res<\/span>\n\n                                    <\/div>\n\t                        <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Num\u00e9ro 09 &#8211; Analyses critiques This post is also available in: English Fran\u00e7ais (French) T\u00c9L\u00c9CHARGER EN PDF 09.2025Varia Publi\u00e9 le : 20 mars 2025ISSN: 3020-0458 T\u00c9L\u00c9CHARGER LE NUM\u00c9RO PDF Abstract R\u00e9sum\u00e9 Muhtasari \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 The reception given to the various government measures to combat Covid-19 in the midst of the health crisis between 2021 and 2022 illustrates the political divide between the Cameroonian State and its population. This article analyzes the mechanisms behind this lack of trust, on the basis of a sociology of public action that combats Covid-19 and a sociology of the State. Our analysis highlights several structural elements that undermine the legitimacy of the Cameroonian State in the eyes of its population: centralized decision-making logics that resist any form of openness likely to give more room to the dialogue and consensus required by the health emergency; the instrumentalization of public action for presidential marketing purposes, and a great lack of flexibility and proximity in government communication. All this takes place within a context of technological evolution (the weight of social networks) that calls for a rethinking of the content, form, channels and carriers of information and communication. Keywords Covid-19, government communication, public action, political trust, Cameroon L\u2019accueil r\u00e9serv\u00e9 aux diff\u00e9rentes mesures gouvernementales de lutte contre le Covid-19 en pleine crise sanitaire entre 2021 et 2022 illustre la fracture politique entre l\u2019\u00c9tat camerounais et sa population. Cet article analyse les m\u00e9canismes de ce manque de confiance, \u00e0 partir d\u2019une sociologie de l\u2019action publique de lutte contre le Covid-19 et d\u2019une sociologie de l\u2019\u00c9tat. Notre analyse fait ressortir plusieurs \u00e9l\u00e9ments structurels qui sapent la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00c9tat camerounais aux yeux de sa population : des logiques d\u00e9cisionnelles centralistes qui r\u00e9sistent \u00e0 toute forme d\u2019ouverture susceptible d\u2019accorder plus de place au dialogue et au consensus qu\u2019exige l\u2019urgence sanitaire ; l\u2019instrumentalisation de l\u2019action publique \u00e0 des fins de marketing pr\u00e9sidentiel, et un grand manque de flexibilit\u00e9 et de proximit\u00e9 dans la communication gouvernementale. Tout ceci dans un contexte d\u2019\u00e9volution technologique (le poids des r\u00e9seaux sociaux) qui invite \u00e0 repenser le contenu, la forme, les canaux et les porteurs de l\u2019information et de la communication. Mots-cl\u00e9s Covid-19, communication gouvernementale, action publique, confiance politique, Cameroun Mapokezi yaliyotolewa kwa hatua mbalimbali za serikali za kupambana na Covid-19 katikati ya mzozo wa kiafya kati ya 2021 na 2022 yanaonyesha mgawanyiko wa kisiasa kati ya jimbo la Kameruni na idadi ya watu wake. Makala haya yanachanganua mbinu za ukosefu huu wa imani, kwa kuzingatia sosholojia ya hatua za umma kupambana na Covid-19 na sosholojia ya Serikali. Uchanganuzi wetu unaangazia vipengele kadhaa vya kimuundo ambavyo vinadhoofisha uhalali wa jimbo la Kameruni machoni pa wakazi wake: mantiki ya maamuzi ya kati ambayo inapinga aina yoyote ya uwazi ambayo inaweza kutoa nafasi zaidi ya mazungumzo na makubaliano yanayohitajika na dharura ya afya; utumiaji wa hatua za umma kwa madhumuni ya uuzaji wa rais, na ukosefu mkubwa wa kubadilika na ukaribu katika mawasiliano ya serikali. Yote haya katika muktadha wa mageuzi ya kiteknolojia (uzito wa mitandao ya kijamii) ambayo inatualika kutafakari upya yaliyomo, fomu, njia na wabebaji wa habari na mawasiliano. Maneno muhimu Covid-19, mawasiliano ya serikali, hatua za umma, uaminifu wa kisiasa, Kamerun \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0651\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 2021 \u06482022 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0647\u0627. \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0648 Introduction La pand\u00e9mie de Covid-19 a eu des implications significatives sur la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 des acteurs gouvernementaux dans de nombreuses r\u00e9gions du monde. La mise en place de mesures restrictives pour contr\u00f4ler la propagation de l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie, ainsi que la perception que les populations ont eue de l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des r\u00e9ponses propos\u00e9es par leurs dirigeants, permettent d\u2019appr\u00e9cier cette l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9. Dans le contexte camerounais, les populations ont peu adh\u00e9r\u00e9 aux mesures de pr\u00e9vention. Ceci n\u2019est certes pas propre au Cameroun, comme le confirme une enqu\u00eate socio-anthropologique r\u00e9alis\u00e9e lors de la premi\u00e8re vague de l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie en Afrique de l\u2019Ouest (Seytre et al., 2021). En effet, comment consid\u00e9rer la Covid-19 comme une menace s\u00e9rieuse alors que le nombre de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s\u2019av\u00e8re extr\u00eamement bas compar\u00e9 aux pays europ\u00e9ens ? Alors que les sympt\u00f4mes n\u2019ont rien de nouveau et s\u2019apparentent facilement \u00e0 ceux du paludisme ? Pourquoi adh\u00e9rer \u00e0 des mesures de pr\u00e9vention qui paraissent irr\u00e9alistes au regard des contextes ? Au-del\u00e0 des difficult\u00e9s techniques, pratiques et \u00e9conomiques li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019application de ces mesures (gestes barri\u00e8res, quarantaine, confinement, gestion des d\u00e9c\u00e8s, etc.), la gestion de la crise sanitaire intervient dans un contexte de crise du syst\u00e8me de sant\u00e9, marqu\u00e9 par une baisse significative de la confiance envers les institutions et le personnel politique (Chabrol, 2018 ; Israr et al., 2001). L\u2019hypoth\u00e8se que nous d\u00e9fendons ici est qu\u2019au-del\u00e0 des enjeux communicationnels et techniques, les r\u00e9ticences observ\u00e9es face aux directives gouvernementales traduisent un profond sentiment de m\u00e9fiance, du fait d\u2019un m\u00e9contentement syst\u00e9mique vis-\u00e0-vis des politiques et des autorit\u00e9s gestionnaires de la crise. La gravit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie, de m\u00eame que les registres et contenus de la communication gouvernementale n\u2019ont pas r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 changer cette attitude. Ce sont les m\u00e9canismes et les enjeux de ce manque de confiance que nous allons interroger, \u00e0 partir d\u2019une approche sociologique de l\u2019action publique et de l\u2019\u00c9tat au Cameroun. Pour ce faire, nous nous appuyons sur un mat\u00e9riau qualitatif compil\u00e9 \u00e0 partir d\u2019une<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":143,"featured_media":11131,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[200],"tags":[],"issues3":[],"post_folder":[],"ppma_author":[266,267,268,269,270,271],"class_list":["post-11473","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analyses-critiques","author-larissa-kojoue-fr","author-calvin-minfegue-fr","author-claire-lefort-rieux-fr","author-laurent-vidal-fr","author-marie-therese-mengue-fr","author-laetitia-atlani-duault-fr"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Rendre compte de la fracture politique : Crise sanitaire, communication gouvernementale et l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 politique au Cameroun | Global 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Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 Repr\u00e9sentant de l\u2019IRD au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal de janvier 2015 \u00e0 d\u00e9cembre 2018 (o\u00f9 il a \u00e9t\u00e9 fait Chevalier de l\u2019Ordre national du Lion), puis Repr\u00e9sentant de l\u2019Institut au Mali jusqu\u2019en 2023, et est actuellement directeur du Bureau conjoint IRD\/CNRS\/CIRAD \u00e0 Pr\u00e9toria, Afrique du Sud.\r\nIl pr\u00e9side le Comit\u00e9 de Pilotage du projet Global Africa (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-auto-recognition=\"true\">https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/)<\/a>\u00a0et est le coordonateur scientifique du programme PASAS (Plate-forme d'apprentissage et de savoirs au Sahel)\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pasas-minka.fr\/fr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-auto-recognition=\"true\">https:\/\/pasas-minka.fr\/fr\/.<\/a>\u00a0Il est aussi Pr\u00e9sident du Conseil scientifique de la Fondation Croix-Rouge fran\u00e7aise."},{"term_id":270,"user_id":0,"is_guest":1,"slug":"marie-therese-mengue-fr","display_name":"Marie-Th\u00e9r\u00e8se Mengue","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Marie-Therese-Mengue-.webp","url2x":"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Marie-Therese-Mengue-.webp"},"author_category":"1","exclude_author":"","main-organisation":"","country_of_org":"","field_of_work":"","first_name":"","last_name":"","user_url":"","job_title":"","description":""},{"term_id":271,"user_id":0,"is_guest":1,"slug":"laetitia-atlani-duault-fr","display_name":"Laetitia Atlani-Duault","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Laetitia-Atlani-Duault-.webp","url2x":"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Laetitia-Atlani-Duault-.webp"},"author_category":"1","exclude_author":"","main-organisation":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9","country_of_org":"France","field_of_work":"Anthropologie","first_name":"","last_name":"","user_url":"","job_title":"","description":"Laetitia Atlani-Duault, anthropologue, Directrice de recherche au Ceped (Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, IRD, INSERM) et Vice-Pr\u00e9sidente Europe de l'Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Pr\u00e9sidente de l'institut Covid-19 Ad Memoriam et Professeur affili\u00e9 \u00e0 Columbia University."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11473","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/143"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11473"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11473\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11131"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11473"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11473"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11473"},{"taxonomy":"issues3","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/issues3?post=11473"},{"taxonomy":"post_folder","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/post_folder?post=11473"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=11473"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}