{"id":11283,"date":"2025-04-18T09:27:18","date_gmt":"2025-04-18T09:27:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/actualites\/ladaptation-des-femmes-mbororo-au-changement-climatique-experiences-dune-communaute-pastorale-dans-la-region-nord-ouest-du-cameroun\/"},"modified":"2025-05-15T11:21:33","modified_gmt":"2025-05-15T11:21:33","slug":"ladaptation-des-femmes-mbororo-au-changement-climatique-experiences-dune-communaute-pastorale-dans-la-region-nord-ouest-du-cameroun","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/ladaptation-des-femmes-mbororo-au-changement-climatique-experiences-dune-communaute-pastorale-dans-la-region-nord-ouest-du-cameroun\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019adaptation des femmes Mbororo au changement climatique.<br>Exp\u00e9riences d\u2019une communaut\u00e9 pastorale dans la r\u00e9gion Nord-Ouest du Cameroun"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"11283\" 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data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Num\u00e9ro 9 - Jeunes chercheurs<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62d8bc1 ignoretoc elementor-widget elementor-widget-author-box\" data-id=\"62d8bc1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"author-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/authors\/moye%20eric%20kongnso\" class=\"elementor-author-box__avatar\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/MOYE-Eric-KONGNSO-225x300.webp\" alt=\"Image de Moye Eric Kongnso\" loading=\"lazy\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a 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fa-file-pdf\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">T\u00c9L\u00c9CHARGER EN PDF<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2724b9e e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2724b9e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f03e25c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f03e25c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"\/?issues=Tomorrow\u2019s%20Africas,%20Worlds%20and%20Knowledge%20\">09.2025<br>Varia<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2b07a4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2b07a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Publi\u00e9 le : 20 mars 2025<br><\/strong><strong>ISSN: 3020-0458<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38d84bf elementor-align-center elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"38d84bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a 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data-widget_type=\"eael-adv-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t        <div data-scroll-on-click=\"no\" data-scroll-speed=\"300\" id=\"eael-advance-tabs-fa2f8e7\" class=\"eael-advance-tabs eael-tabs-horizontal eael-tab-auto-active  responsive-vertical-layout\" data-tabid=\"fa2f8e7\">\n            <div class=\"eael-tabs-nav \">\n                <ul class=\"eael-tab-inline-icon\" role=\"tablist\">\n                                            <li id=\"English\" class=\"active-default eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"English-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg\" alt=\"\">\n                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Abstract<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"French\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"French-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Flag_of_France.svg\" alt=\"\">\n                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >R\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"Swahili\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"Swahili-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Flag_of_Kenya.svg\" alt=\"\">\n                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Muhtasari<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"Arabic\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"Arabic-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n              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22.066 0.8064 6.0585 7.6533 10.374 15.307 9.6263 7.6459-0.7472 13.195-6.2637 12.396-12.33l-0.3079-2.3223h40.004c0.7037 3.9048 4.6037 6.9011 9.354 6.9011s8.6502-2.9963 9.3613-6.9011h40.693v-0.095c8.4963 6.0294 19.294 9.4946 30.716 9.4946 10.747 0 19.456-7.4652 19.456-16.681v-4.8205c0-16.842-15.922-30.506-35.569-30.506\" fill=\"#fff\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg>                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                    \n                                  <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"eael-tabs-content\">\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"English-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item active-default\" data-title-link=\"English-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <p>The indigenous Mbororo pastoralists are hardest hit by climate variability and change due to their inextricable link with the natural environment and their limited coping options. With the guiding premise that Mbororo women are highly vulnerable to the vagaries of weather, this study set out to examine their role in enhancing adaptation to climate variability and change. With a qualitative approach, data was collected from Mbororo pastoralists (9), crop farmers (6), traditional authorities (3), heads of Mbororo women groups (3) and members of MBOSCUDA (4) purposively selected from Mbororo communities in the region. Secondary data was obtained from online publications, reports and archives. Data collected was coded and treated in Atlas.Ti. Content and thematic analyses were made under the lens of eco-feminist theory. Results revealed that women have valuable knowledge systems and are always at the forefront of adaptation, especially in cases of men\u2019s out-migration. Women have been actively involved in livelihood diversification such as cattle milking and crop farming thereby strengthening their resilience and reducing weather shocks. Unlike before, more than 60% of Mbororo women now rear smaller animals such as goats and sheep which are more adaptable than cattle. Nonetheless, the role of women in the implementation of these indigenous knowledge systems has been undermined. Gender discrimination on land ownership, low level of education, inadequate financial resources and low participation of women in decision-making are some of the factors hindering adaptation. Hence, policies on climate change adaptation must be gender-responsive and take into consideration indigenous people and their local knowledge systems.           <\/p>\n<h5>Keywords<\/h5>\n<p>Mbororo women, Pastoralists\u2019 indigenous knowledge, Climate change, Adaptation, Gender, Feminism, Eco-feminism<\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"French-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"French-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <div id=\"bgLayers_comp-m8mdjdm7__item1\" class=\"MW5IWV\">\n<div id=\"bgMedia_comp-m8mdjdm7__item1\" class=\"VgO9Yg\">Les \u00e9leveurs indig\u00e8nes mbororo sont les plus durement touch\u00e9s par la variabilit\u00e9 et le changement climatiques en raison de leur lien inextricable avec l\u2019environnement naturel et de leurs possibilit\u00e9s d\u2019adaptation limit\u00e9es. Partant du principe que les femmes mbororo sont tr\u00e8s vuln\u00e9rables aux al\u00e9as climatiques, cette \u00e9tude s\u2019est attach\u00e9e \u00e0 examiner leur r\u00f4le dans l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de l\u2019adaptation \u00e0 la variabilit\u00e9 et au changement climatiques. Dans le cadre d\u2019une approche qualitative, les donn\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 recueillies aupr\u00e8s d\u2019\u00e9leveurs mbororo (9), de cultivateurs (6), d\u2019autorit\u00e9s traditionnelles (3), de chefs de groupes de femmes mbororo (3) et de membres du Mboscuda (4) s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s \u00e0 dessein dans les communaut\u00e9s mbororo de la r\u00e9gion. Les donn\u00e9es secondaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 obtenues \u00e0 partir de publications en ligne, de rapports et d\u2019archives. Les donn\u00e9es recueillies ont \u00e9t\u00e9 cod\u00e9es et trait\u00e9es avec le logiciel <em class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\">Atlas.ti<\/em>. Des analyses th\u00e9matiques et de contenu ont \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9es sous l\u2019angle de la th\u00e9orie \u00e9cof\u00e9ministe. Les r\u00e9sultats ont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que les femmes poss\u00e8dent des syst\u00e8mes de connaissances pr\u00e9cieux et qu\u2019elles sont toujours \u00e0 l\u2019avant-garde de l\u2019adaptation, en particulier dans les cas d\u2019\u00e9migration des hommes. Les femmes se sont activement impliqu\u00e9es dans la diversification des moyens de subsistance tels que la traite des bovins et les cultures, renfor\u00e7ant ainsi leur r\u00e9silience et r\u00e9duisant les chocs climatiques. Contrairement \u00e0 ce qui se passait auparavant, plus de 60 % des femmes mbororo \u00e9l\u00e8vent aujourd\u2019hui des animaux plus petits, tels que des ch\u00e8vres et des moutons, qui sont plus adaptables que les bovins. N\u00e9anmoins, le r\u00f4le des femmes dans la mise en \u0153uvre de ces syst\u00e8mes de connaissances indig\u00e8nes a \u00e9t\u00e9 atrophi\u00e9. La discrimination fond\u00e9e sur le sexe en mati\u00e8re de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 fonci\u00e8re, le faible niveau d\u2019\u00e9ducation, l\u2019insuffisance des ressources financi\u00e8res et la faible participation des femmes \u00e0 la prise de d\u00e9cision sont quelques-uns des facteurs qui entravent l\u2019adaptation. Par cons\u00e9quent, les politiques d\u2019adaptation au changement climatique doivent tenir compte de la dimension genre et prendre en consid\u00e9ration les populations autochtones et leurs syst\u00e8mes de connaissances locaux.           <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h5 class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\">Mots-cl\u00e9s<\/h5>\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\">Femmes mbororo, connaissances indig\u00e8nes des pasteurs, changement climatique, adaptation, sensibilit\u00e9 au genre<\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"Swahili-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"Swahili-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <div id=\"bgLayers_comp-m8mdk7ad5__268c5998-3757-4f56-b6b1-04e34144d4fa\" class=\"MW5IWV\">\n<div id=\"bgMedia_comp-m8mdk7ad5__268c5998-3757-4f56-b6b1-04e34144d4fa\" class=\"VgO9Yg\"> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div id=\"comp-m8mdk7af__268c5998-3757-4f56-b6b1-04e34144d4fa\" class=\"HcOXKn c9GqVL QxJLC3 lq2cno YQcXTT comp-m8mdk7af wixui-rich-text\">\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\">Wafugaji wa kiasili wa Mbororo wameathirika zaidi na mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa kwa sababu ya uhusiano wao usioweza kutenganishwa na mazingira asilia na uwezo mdogo wa kukabiliana na hali hiyo. Kwa kuzingatia dhana kwamba wanawake wa Mbororo wako katika hatari kubwa ya majanga ya hali ya hewa, utafiti huu ulitaka kuchunguza jukumu lao katika kuboresha kukabiliana na mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa na mabadiliko. Kwa kutumia mbinu ya ubora, takwimu zilikusanywa kutoka kwa wafugaji wa Mbororo (9), wakulima (6), mamlaka za kimila (3), viongozi wa vikundi vya wanawake wa Mbororo (3) na wanachama wa MBOSCUDA (4) waliochaguliwa kimakusudi kutoka kwa jamii za Mbororo mkoani humo. Data ya pili ilipatikana kutoka kwa machapisho ya mtandaoni, ripoti na kumbukumbu. Data iliyokusanywa ilinakiliwa na kuchakatwa katika Atlas.ti. Uchambuzi wa kimaudhui na maudhui ulifanywa kwa mtazamo wa nadharia ya ufeministi. Matokeo yalifichua kuwa wanawake wana mifumo muhimu ya maarifa na daima wako mstari wa mbele kukabiliana na hali, hasa katika visa vya uhamaji wa wanaume. Wanawake wameshiriki kikamilifu katika kuleta maisha mseto kama vile kukamua ng&rsquo;ombe na kilimo cha mazao, na hivyo kuimarisha uwezo wao wa kustahimili hali ya hewa na kupunguza majanga ya hali ya hewa. Tofauti na hapo awali, zaidi ya asilimia 60 ya wanawake wa Mbororo sasa wanafuga wanyama wadogo, kama vile mbuzi na kondoo, ambao wanaweza kubadilika zaidi kuliko ng&rsquo;ombe. Hata hivyo, jukumu la wanawake katika kutekeleza mifumo hii ya maarifa asilia limedhoofishwa. Ubaguzi wa kijinsia katika umiliki wa ardhi, viwango vya chini vya elimu, uhaba wa rasilimali fedha na ushiriki mdogo wa wanawake katika kufanya maamuzi ni baadhi ya mambo yanayokwamisha kukabiliana na hali hiyo. Kwa hivyo, sera za kukabiliana na mabadiliko ya tabia nchi lazima ziwe zinazozingatia jinsia na kuzingatia watu wa kiasili na mifumo yao ya maarifa ya kienyeji.           <\/p>\n<h5 class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\">Maneno muhimu<\/h5>\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\">Wanawake wa Mbororo, maarifa asilia ya wafugaji, mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa, kukabiliana na hali, usikivu wa kijinsia<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"Arabic-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"Arabic-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0651\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0652\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064f\u0631\u0648 (Mbororo) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t                    <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff89d56 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ff89d56\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Introduction<\/h2><h3><em>Contexte et justification<\/em><\/h3><p>La variabilit\u00e9 et le changement climatiques constituent l\u2019un des enjeux globaux les plus difficiles \u00e0 r\u00e9soudre aujourd\u2019hui. Aborder efficacement les questions d\u2019adaptation et d\u2019att\u00e9nuation est devenu une priorit\u00e9 mondiale. Les impacts du changement climatique ont partie li\u00e9e avec le genre car les hommes et les femmes sont confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s diff\u00e9rentes en raison d\u2019in\u00e9galit\u00e9s telles que l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux ressources et la participation \u00e0 la prise de d\u00e9cision. Ces in\u00e9galit\u00e9s et discriminations r\u00e9duisent la capacit\u00e9 des femmes \u00e0 s\u2019adapter et \u00e0 att\u00e9nuer les effets du changement climatique (Carvarjal Escobar et al., 2008, p. 278 ; Chingarande et al., 2020, p. 34 ; Nwamaka et al., 2020, p. 4). Des \u00e9tudes ont \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que les femmes autochtones sont tr\u00e8s expos\u00e9es aux al\u00e9as climatiques en raison de leur lien inextricable avec la nature et de leurs strat\u00e9gies d\u2019adaptation limit\u00e9es (Tantoh et al., 2022). Selon le GIEC (2014, p. 5), les segments les plus pauvres de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 sont les plus vuln\u00e9rables au changement climatique, la pauvret\u00e9 \u00e9tant un d\u00e9terminant cl\u00e9 de la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 pour plusieurs raisons. D\u2019une part elle restreint l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux ressources permettant de faire face aux \u00e9v\u00e9nements climatiques extr\u00eames et d\u2019autre part elle favorise la marginalisation dans la prise de d\u00e9cision et l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la protection sociale. En Afrique subsaharienne, les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s en mati\u00e8re de propri\u00e9t\u00e9, d\u2019acc\u00e8s et de contr\u00f4le des ressources naturelles ont expos\u00e9 les femmes aux chocs climatiques (ONU Femmes, 2009 ; Awiti, 2022, p. 9).      <\/p><p>D\u2019une mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale les femmes y sont confront\u00e9es \u00e0 une discrimination fond\u00e9e sur le genre en ce qui concerne le contr\u00f4le et la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 des terres (Njieassam, 2019, p. 8), mais les femmes autochtones connaissent une triple discrimination fond\u00e9e sur leur sexe, leur appartenance ethnique et leur classe \u00e9conomique. Les femmes fournissent plus de 80 % de la main-d\u2019\u0153uvre agricole et domestique en Afrique, mais elles contr\u00f4lent moins de terres que les hommes ; en outre, les terres qu\u2019elles contr\u00f4lent ont tendance \u00e0 \u00eatre moins fertiles, et le r\u00e9gime foncier des femmes n\u2019est pas s\u00e9curis\u00e9 (Njieassam, 2019, p. 15). Toutefois, en d\u00e9pit de leurs positions critiques, les femmes disposent de connaissances, de comp\u00e9tences et d\u2019agentivit\u00e9 remarquables dans la gestion des ressources naturelles et sont souvent en premi\u00e8re ligne dans l\u2019adaptation au changement climatique notamment en situation de forte \u00e9migration masculine (Nellemann et al., 2011). Les politiques climatiques sensibles au genre doivent donc \u00eatre renforc\u00e9es dans toutes les dimensions relatives \u00e0 l\u2019adaptation, l\u2019att\u00e9nuation, dans les moyens de la mise en \u0153uvre (financement, d\u00e9veloppement, transfert de technologies, et renforcement des capacit\u00e9s) ainsi que dans la prise de d\u00e9cision (Chingarande et al., 2020, p. 19).   <\/p><p>Au Cameroun, l\u2019agriculture est l\u2019\u00e9pine dorsale de l\u2019\u00e9conomie, employant pr\u00e8s de 70 % de la population et contribuant \u00e0 environ 35 % du produit national brut du pays (Molua, 2011, p. 21). Les productrices camerounaises constituent un groupe important, impliqu\u00e9 principalement dans la production de cultures vivri\u00e8res, mais de plus en plus, l\u2019\u00e9levage de petits animaux et de ruminants est en train de devenir une activit\u00e9 secondaire (Molua, 2011, p. 29). Avec diff\u00e9rentes zones \u00e9cologiques, la r\u00e9gion Nord-Ouest du Cameroun pr\u00e9sente une agro\u00e9cologie qui favorise les cultures c\u00e9r\u00e9ali\u00e8res et l\u2019\u00e9levage. Dans un contexte essentiellement traditionnel, les femmes sont principalement impliqu\u00e9es dans une agriculture sensible aux moindres changements m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques et la plupart des agriculteurs ont du mal \u00e0 faire face \u00e0 ces changements.   <\/p><p>La r\u00e9gion compte plus de 8 000 \u00e9leveurs, dont plus des deux tiers sont des femmes et des enfants (Jabiru, 2017, p. 38). Ces pasteurs sont arriv\u00e9s du Nig\u00e9ria voisin vers 1905 en tant que nomades. Ils ont rencontr\u00e9 des communaut\u00e9s d\u00e9j\u00e0 install\u00e9es qui les ont consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme des \u00e9trangers sans droits l\u00e9gitimes de poss\u00e9der des terres et des ressources fonci\u00e8res (Jabiru, 2006, p. 11). <\/p><p>Dans cette configuration faite de marginalisation et de sous-repr\u00e9sentation, que Jibaru (2017, p. 38) a appel\u00e9 le \u00ab probl\u00e8me mbororo1 \u00bb, les pasteurs mbororo de la r\u00e9gion Nord-Ouest ont \u00e9t\u00e9 confront\u00e9s \u00e0 de s\u00e9rieux d\u00e9fis pour disposer de moyens de subsistance durables et leurs vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s aux al\u00e9as climatiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 exacerb\u00e9es par des in\u00e9galit\u00e9s et des discriminations de genre. En Inde, au N\u00e9pal, au Bangladesh, au Kenya et en Tanzanie, le r\u00f4le des femmes autochtones dans l\u2019adaptation au changement climatique a \u00e9t\u00e9 largement explor\u00e9. Au Cameroun en revanche, les connaissances sur le r\u00f4le des femmes mbororo dans l\u2019adaptation au changement climatique et les politiques connexes sont encore rares. Pour combler cette lacune, ce travail cherche \u00e0 d\u00e9montrer que, malgr\u00e9 leur vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9, les femmes mbororo disposent de syst\u00e8mes de savoirs traditionnels qui sont particuli\u00e8rement utiles pour r\u00e9duire les chocs li\u00e9s au climat et assurer la durabilit\u00e9 des moyens de subsistance.   <\/p><h3><em>Cadre th\u00e9orique : La perspective \u00e9cof\u00e9ministe dans l\u2019adaptation au changement climatique<\/em><\/h3><p>L\u2019\u00e9cof\u00e9minisme est un cadre th\u00e9orique interdisciplinaire introduit par Fran\u00e7oise d\u2019Eaubonne, une f\u00e9ministe fran\u00e7aise, en 1974. Cette approche relie le changement climatique et le genre, ainsi que d\u2019autres facteurs connexes tels que la d\u00e9forestation, la conservation, le capitalisme et les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s (Johnson, 2022, p. 18). Les th\u00e9ories f\u00e9ministes soutiennent que les d\u00e9fis auxquels les femmes sont confront\u00e9es aujourd\u2019hui sont le r\u00e9sultat de syst\u00e8mes de valeurs domin\u00e9s par les hommes qui r\u00e9gissent les r\u00e9alit\u00e9s sociales quotidiennes et elles con\u00e7oivent le genre comme \u00e9tant socialement g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 et perp\u00e9tu\u00e9 par la culture (Gaard, 2015, p. 23 ; Oyosi, 2016, p. 12). Les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s en mati\u00e8re de propri\u00e9t\u00e9, d\u2019acc\u00e8s et de contr\u00f4le des ressources naturelles, ainsi que les dynamiques par lesquelles les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s de genre fa\u00e7onnent et sont fa\u00e7onn\u00e9es par les priorit\u00e9s, les exp\u00e9riences et la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019adaptation \u00e0 la suite de chocs syst\u00e9miques, sont d\u2019une importance capitale pour renforcer l\u2019adaptation (Awiti, 2022, p. 9). En 2015, lors de l\u2019Accord de Paris des Nations unies, les parties ont reconnu que les mesures d\u2019adaptation devraient suivre une approche pilot\u00e9e par le pays, sensible au genre, participative et totalement transparente, en prenant en consid\u00e9ration les groupes, les communaut\u00e9s et les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes vuln\u00e9rables, et qu\u2019elles devraient \u00eatre fond\u00e9es et guid\u00e9es par les plus robustes connaissances scientifiques disponibles et, le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant, les connaissances traditionnelles, les savoirs des populations autochtones et les syst\u00e8mes de savoirs locaux, afin d\u2019int\u00e9grer l\u2019adaptation dans les politiques et actions socio-\u00e9conomiques et environnementales pertinentes (ONU, 2015, p. 11).    <\/p><p>N\u00e9anmoins, les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s africaines ont une perspective diff\u00e9rente qui va au-del\u00e0 des normes occidentales en mati\u00e8re de genre. Selon Wane et Chandler (2002, p. 88), le patriarcat, le colonialisme et le capitalisme, qui sont inscrits dans l\u2019\u00e9cof\u00e9minisme, ont annihil\u00e9 le r\u00f4le des femmes dans la construction des savoirs environnementaux et d\u00e9form\u00e9 la notion de connaissance scientifique. Les universitaires \u00e9cof\u00e9ministes africains en revanche, ont plac\u00e9 les femmes en premi\u00e8re ligne dans l\u2019adaptation au changement climatique, en particulier dans le contexte de l\u2019\u00e9migration masculine, en raison de la richesse de leurs syst\u00e8mes de savoirs traditionnels qui leur permettent de faire face aux chocs m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques (Nellemann et al, 2011, p. 53). Lesdits savoirs impliquent \u00ab une connaissance des ressources issues du monde sauvage, des plantes m\u00e9dicinales et des animaux domestiques ; des rapports symbiotiques entre \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes ; une conscience de la structure des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes et de la fonctionnalit\u00e9 d\u2019esp\u00e8ces sp\u00e9cifiques ; ainsi que des aires de r\u00e9partition g\u00e9ographique de ces esp\u00e8ces \u00bb. L\u2019accent est mis en particulier sur les femmes autochtones qui jouent un r\u00f4le vital en tant que gardiennes des ressources naturelles (ONU Femmes, 2009, pp. 2-3). Dans le contexte du changement climatique, elles jouent un r\u00f4le strat\u00e9gique dans la transformation des moyens de subsistance et la transmission des connaissances \u00e0 la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration. Les femmes mbororo sont impliqu\u00e9es dans l\u2019\u00e9levage de petits ruminants, la traite du b\u00e9tail, la culture des p\u00e2turages et le traitement des maladies animales \u00e0 partir de m\u00e9dicaments traditionnels. Ces activit\u00e9s, autrefois domin\u00e9es par les hommes, se sont largement f\u00e9minis\u00e9es (Forbang et al., 2020, p. 669). Bien que les contributions des femmes autochtones n\u2019aient pas \u00e9t\u00e9 suffisamment document\u00e9es, la litt\u00e9rature existante a montr\u00e9 que ces pratiques peuvent probablement r\u00e9duire les vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s et renforcer la r\u00e9silience (Carvarjal Escobar et al., 2008, p. 279). Sous ce rapport, la th\u00e9orie de l\u2019\u00e9cof\u00e9minisme convient parfaitement \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude du r\u00f4le des femmes autochtones dans l\u2019adaptation, car elle d\u00e9crit la situation critique des femmes autochtones mbororo face au changement climatique, principalement attribu\u00e9e \u00e0 la discrimination exerc\u00e9e par un syst\u00e8me traditionnel domin\u00e9 par les hommes. Sur cette toile de fond th\u00e9orique, cet article reconna\u00eet que les femmes autochtones sont per\u00e7ues comme \u00e9tant particuli\u00e8rement vuln\u00e9rables, mais soutient qu\u2019elles disposent aussi d\u2019une diverse gamme de pratiques traditionnelles qui leur permettent de s\u2019adapter au changement climatique et de l\u2019att\u00e9nuer en d\u00e9pit des contraintes syst\u00e9miques qu\u2019elles rencontrent.          <\/p><h2>Mat\u00e9riaux et m\u00e9thodes<\/h2><h3><em>La zone d\u2019\u00e9tude<\/em><\/h3><p>La r\u00e9gion Nord-Ouest du Cameroun est situ\u00e9e entre les latitudes 50\u00b0 40\u2019 et 70\u00b0 Nord de l\u2019\u00e9quateur et les longitudes 90\u00b0 45\u2019 et 110\u00b0 10\u2019 Est du m\u00e9ridien de Greenwich. Elle fait partie des hautes terres de l\u2019Ouest-Cameroun avec une superficie totale de 17 300 km2 et une altitude moyenne d\u2019environ 900 m (Ngalim, 2015, p. 177). Elle partage des fronti\u00e8res internationales avec la R\u00e9publique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale du Nig\u00e9ria au nord et a \u00e9t\u00e9 le point d\u2019entr\u00e9e des \u00e9leveurs peuls au Cameroun (Jabiru, 2006, p. 11). La r\u00e9gion b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d\u2019un climat tropical caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par deux saisons. Une longue saison des pluies qui s\u2019\u00e9tend de mi-mars \u00e0 novembre et une courte saison s\u00e8che de trois mois. Les pr\u00e9cipitations annuelles moyennes se situent entre 1 500 et 2 000 mm et les temp\u00e9ratures annuelles moyennes sont comprises entre 21 et 24 \u00b0C (Ngalim, 2015, p. 177). Ces conditions ont rendu la zone agro\u00e9cologique favorable \u00e0 la culture c\u00e9r\u00e9ali\u00e8re et \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9levage.      <\/p><p>Les \u00e9leveurs mbororo ont migr\u00e9 dans la r\u00e9gion Nord-Ouest du Cameroun vers 1905 et ont re\u00e7u des terres des chefs traditionnels pour faire pa\u00eetre leur b\u00e9tail. La nature de leur activit\u00e9 les a amen\u00e9s \u00e0 vivre sur des collines et des terres isol\u00e9es (Fon &amp; Ndamba, 2008, p. 3). Leurs coutumes et traditions sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme discriminatoires \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des femmes et des filles et, comme le prescrit leur code de conduite culturel et traditionnel appel\u00e9 \u00ab Polaako \u00bb, les femmes sont cens\u00e9es rester \u00e0 la maison et s\u2019occuper des enfants et des t\u00e2ches m\u00e9nag\u00e8res. R\u00e9cemment, elles ont adopt\u00e9 un mode de vie s\u00e9dentaire et l\u2019augmentation de la population des communaut\u00e9s d\u2019accueil, la concurrence pour l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux ressources naturelles ont accru les vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s. Cela a conduit \u00e0 une nouvelle dynamique autour de la repr\u00e9sentation des femmes et de leur participation aux activit\u00e9s de subsistance.   <\/p><h3><em>Collecte et traitement des donn\u00e9es<\/em><\/h3><p>L\u2019\u00e9tude adopte une approche documentaire et qualitative. Le r\u00f4le des femmes mbororo dans leurs communaut\u00e9s a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre \u00e9tudi\u00e9, notamment avec la mise en place de l\u2019Association pour la culture et le d\u00e9veloppement des Mbororo (Mboscuda) qui lutte contre les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s de genre et la discrimination. Les rapports de la Mboscuda ont \u00e9t\u00e9 consult\u00e9s, ainsi que les archives des d\u00e9l\u00e9gations divisionnaires de l\u2019agriculture et du d\u00e9veloppement rural et des d\u00e9l\u00e9gations du b\u00e9tail et de l\u2019\u00e9levage pour les divisions de Boyo, Mexam, Bui et Ngoketunjia. Des sources en ligne ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 consult\u00e9es. Des entretiens ont \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9s avec des informateurs cl\u00e9s s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s \u00e0 dessein dans les communaut\u00e9s mbororo de la r\u00e9gion. Au total, 25 entretiens ont \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9s avec des \u00e9leveurs mbororo (9), des cultivateurs (6), des autorit\u00e9s traditionnelles (3), des cheffes de groupes de femmes mbororo (3) et des membres du Mboscuda (4). La plupart de ces personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9plac\u00e9es du fait des troubles socio-politiques dans la r\u00e9gion et r\u00e9sident maintenant dans la ville de Bamenda et dans la r\u00e9gion Ouest. Certains entretiens ont \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9s par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone et ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s.       <\/p><p>Les donn\u00e9es documentaires et primaires collect\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trait\u00e9es avec le logiciel Atlas.ti et examin\u00e9es selon une analyse de contenu et une analyse th\u00e9matique. Les entretiens ont \u00e9t\u00e9 retranscrits mot \u00e0 mot et cod\u00e9s en fonction des th\u00e8mes s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s. L\u2019analyse th\u00e9matique a consist\u00e9 \u00e0 explorer les liens existant entre les \u00e9nonc\u00e9s et les significations dans le discours des r\u00e9pondants. Des extraits ont \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s pour soutenir l\u2019argumentation \u00e9tablie.     <\/p><h2>R\u00e9sultats<\/h2><h3><em>Vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des pasteurs mbororo face aux effets de la variabilit\u00e9 et du changement climatiques<\/em><\/h3><p>Les pasteurs mbororo croient fermement que l\u2019\u00e9levage de b\u00e9tail est leur seul mode de vie appropri\u00e9. \u00c9tant donn\u00e9 qu\u2019aucune autre alternative \u00e9loign\u00e9e des pratiques et normes traditionnelles d\u2019un pur Fulani n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 encourag\u00e9e, leur pouvoir d\u2019achat est rest\u00e9 consid\u00e9rablement faible. Cette option a eu des r\u00e9percussions n\u00e9gatives sur la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 mbororo actuelle, qui quoique riche en b\u00e9tail, mais n\u2019a pas mobilis\u00e9 d\u2019autres formes d\u2019investissement.  <\/p><p>Une \u00e9lite mbororo a corrobor\u00e9 ce fait dans l\u2019extrait suivant : <i>Nous ne connaissions pas ces questions auparavant\u2026 Au d\u00e9but, envoyer une fille \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole \u00e9tait un tabou ou m\u00eame vendre du b\u00e9tail pour d\u2019autres investissements. Cela a entra\u00een\u00e9 un faible revenu familial et compromis la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019investir dans un syst\u00e8me pastoral moderne, des infrastructures de soins pour les animaux et des \u00e9quipements sociaux, nous rendant ainsi plus vuln\u00e9rables2<\/i> .<\/p><p>La richesse et le prestige social d\u2019un mbororo d\u00e9pendaient du nombre de t\u00eates de b\u00e9tail qu\u2019il poss\u00e9dait, ce qui rendait presque impossible la vente de son cheptel. Les ressources familiales \u00e9taient contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le chef de famille, de l\u00e0 un niveau de d\u00e9pendance extr\u00eamement \u00e9lev\u00e9 car femmes et enfants n\u2019avaient pas de sources de revenus sp\u00e9cifiques. La recherche a montr\u00e9 que les vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s li\u00e9es au genre sont exacerb\u00e9es par la variabilit\u00e9 et le changement climatiques. Par exemple, les p\u00e9riodes de s\u00e9cheresse prolong\u00e9es exposent les femmes \u00e0 des abus sexuels lorsqu\u2019elles parcourent de longues distances pour aller chercher de l\u2019eau. De m\u00eame, la migration des hommes vers des p\u00e2turages plus verts expose les femmes et les enfants \u00e0 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9, en particulier dans les r\u00e9gions o\u00f9 les conflits agropastoraux sont fr\u00e9quents. En outre, le taux d\u2019abandon scolaire chez les jeunes filles augmente, car elles restent \u00e0 la maison pour aider leurs parents \u00e0 assurer l\u2019approvisionnement en nourriture et en eau.<\/p><p>Le passage d\u2019un mode de vie nomade \u00e0 un mode de vie s\u00e9dentaire a remodel\u00e9 les pratiques pastorales existantes et a amen\u00e9 de nouveaux acteurs dans le secteur de l\u2019\u00e9levage. Les syst\u00e8mes agropastoraux de la r\u00e9gion Nord-Ouest du Cameroun d\u00e9pendent principalement de la nature et les \u00e9leveurs de b\u00e9tail occupent surtout les pentes des montagnes et les terres marginales, ce qui augmente leur vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 face aux fluctuations m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques. Or, la disponibilit\u00e9 des ressources agropastorales telles que l\u2019eau, les p\u00e2turages et les terres arables est conditionn\u00e9e par les variables climatiques. L\u2019analyse des entretiens a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que la r\u00e9duction des ressources agropastorales au cours des derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es a \u00e9t\u00e9 exacerb\u00e9e par les al\u00e9as climatiques (tableau 1).   <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57ebece elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"57ebece\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table><thead><tr><th>Effets<\/th> <th>Fr\u00e9quence<\/th> <th>Densit\u00e9<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>D\u00e9gradation des p\u00e2turages le long des pentes et sur les hautes terres<\/td> <td>16<\/td> <td>10<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tarissement des sources d\u2019eau<\/td> <td>13<\/td> <td>8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Changements dans le calendrier de la transhumance<\/td> <td>12<\/td> <td>6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Augmentation de la fr\u00e9quence des maladies animales et parasitaires<\/td> <td>5<\/td> <td>5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Retards dans la maturit\u00e9 des c\u00e9r\u00e9ales d\u00fbs \u00e0 l\u2019arriv\u00e9e tardive des pluies<\/td> <td>7<\/td> <td>4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Augmentation de l\u2019\u00e9rosion des sols et baisse de leur fertilit\u00e9<\/td> <td>5<\/td> <td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Baisse de la productivit\u00e9 c\u00e9r\u00e9ali\u00e8re<\/td> <td>4<\/td> <td>5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Augmentation des distances vers les zones de transhumance<\/td> <td>1<\/td> <td>2<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b50a129 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b50a129\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tableau 1 : Les effets de la variabilit\u00e9 climatique sur les activit\u00e9s agropastorales<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a3028a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a3028a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Source: Fieldwork (2024)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e697a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e697a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>L\u2019intensit\u00e9 de ces impacts a \u00e9t\u00e9 mesur\u00e9e sur la base de la fr\u00e9quence et de l\u2019intensit\u00e9 des diff\u00e9rents codes et citations g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s par les entretiens. Dans le tableau 1, la fr\u00e9quence du code fait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence au nombre de fois qu\u2019une m\u00eame id\u00e9e est exprim\u00e9e par diff\u00e9rentes personnes, tandis que la densit\u00e9 fait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence au nombre de liens avec d\u2019autres citations. Le tableau montre que la d\u00e9gradation des p\u00e2turages a \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9e comme l\u2019impact le plus important de la variabilit\u00e9 climatique avec 16 citations. Les effets dess\u00e9chants de l\u2019ensoleillement et les fr\u00e9quentes p\u00e9riodes de s\u00e9cheresse enregistr\u00e9es sur les hautes terres o\u00f9 l\u2019\u00e9levage domine expliquent cette d\u00e9gradation des p\u00e2turages. Un \u00e9leveur des pentes de Sabga a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 : <i>Avant, nous gardions les animaux les plus \u00e2g\u00e9s, les plus jeunes et les plus malades pour les nourrir sur des parcelles de p\u00e2turage dans les hautes terres, tandis que les autres partaient en transhumance. Cela devient presque impossible aujourd\u2019hui parce que la saison s\u00e8che est devenue intense et que les p\u00e2turages sont compl\u00e8tement st\u00e9riles<\/i>3 . Cette situation a \u00e9galement entra\u00een\u00e9 la diminution et l\u2019ass\u00e8chement des sources d\u2019eau. Cette situation, observ\u00e9e dans la quasi-totalit\u00e9 des p\u00e2turages, fait que les \u00e9leveurs sont en concurrence avec les agriculteurs et parfois avec les m\u00e9nages pour l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019eau. Cette situation est \u00e0 l\u2019origine de conflits entre agriculteurs et \u00e9leveurs, qui ont des r\u00e9percussions sur les femmes et les enfants (photo 1).       <\/p><figure id=\"attachment_11243\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11243\" style=\"width: 1140px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11242 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Photo-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1140\" height=\"636\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-11243\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo 1 : Femmes et enfants mbororo d\u00e9plac\u00e9s par les conflits agropastoraux dans la division de Bui.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b11e80e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b11e80e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Source: Moye, 2021.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6df5e2d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6df5e2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La photo 1 montre une communaut\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9leveurs mbororo d\u00e9plac\u00e9e du fait des conflits li\u00e9s aux ressources. Les personnes pr\u00e9sentes sur la photo sont des femmes et des enfants, sans aucun homme adulte. Cela s\u2019explique par le fait que les hommes sont partis en transhumance et que les femmes sont rest\u00e9es sur place pour s\u2019occuper des foyers. N\u00e9anmoins, ces femmes et ces enfants, qui repr\u00e9sentent plus de 60 % de la population mbororo (Jabiru, 2006, p. 6), ont d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 des options d\u2019adaptation pour att\u00e9nuer les dommages r\u00e9sultant des chocs climatiques.   <\/p><h3><em>Contribution des femmes mbororo \u00e0 l\u2019adaptation au changement climatique<\/em><\/h3><p><b>\u2022 Utiliser les connaissances \u00e9cologiques pour d\u00e9tecter les changements environnementaux<\/b><\/p><p>Les r\u00e9sultats ont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que les \u00e9leveurs mbororo disposent d\u2019une vaste gamme de connaissances accumul\u00e9es au fil des ans gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 leur interaction avec la nature. Les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es ont la capacit\u00e9 de lire les changements dans l\u2019environnement et de pr\u00e9dire les variations climatiques telles que l\u2019arriv\u00e9e et l\u2019arr\u00eat des pluies, l\u2019av\u00e8nement des temp\u00eates et des p\u00e9riodes de s\u00e9cheresse. Dans les communaut\u00e9s install\u00e9es le long des pentes du Sabga, il existe des \u00ab voyantes climatiques \u00bb qui interpr\u00e8tent la taille et la forme de la lune pour pr\u00e9voir les changements de saison ou d\u00e9terminer le calendrier des activit\u00e9s pastorales telles que le d\u00e9but de la transhumance. En outre, l\u2019observation du comportement des plantes et des animaux est utilis\u00e9e pour pr\u00e9dire les changements climatiques. Par exemple, l\u2019apparition de libellules indique la s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 de la saison s\u00e8che. Cette activit\u00e9, bien qu\u2019elle ne soit pas bas\u00e9e sur le genre, est de fait r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par des femmes \u00e2g\u00e9es. Les entretiens ont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que les femmes sont plus efficaces dans l\u2019utilisation de ces syst\u00e8mes de savoirs que les hommes, car elles passent plus de 70 % de leur temps dans les champs. Ces connaissances, largement accumul\u00e9es par les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es, doivent \u00eatre transmises d\u2019une g\u00e9n\u00e9ration \u00e0 l\u2019autre afin d\u2019en favoriser l\u2019utilisation continue. Par exemple, l\u2019utilisation d\u2019herbes locales et de m\u00e9dicaments traditionnels pour traiter les maladies du b\u00e9tail est une t\u00e2che qui incombe principalement aux femmes, car les animaux malades et jeunes sont laiss\u00e9s sur place pendant la transhumance. \u00c0 ce titre, l\u2019identification de ces plantes m\u00e9dicinales et la connaissance de leur utilisation font partie des savoirs \u00e9cologiques.        <\/p><p><b> \u2022 Les femmes mbororo : \u00e9ducatrices et transmetteuses de savoirs indig\u00e8nes <\/b><\/p><p>Les femmes mbororo jouent un r\u00f4le important en tant qu\u2019\u00e9ducatrices au sein de leurs communaut\u00e9s. Non seulement les femmes sont des m\u00e8res qui assurent les fonctions de soin pour la famille, mais elles poss\u00e8dent \u00e9galement de vastes connaissances dans diff\u00e9rents domaines de gestion du b\u00e9tail, sur l\u2019environnement et dans les activit\u00e9s et responsabilit\u00e9s quotidiennes qui sont les leurs. Elles sont cependant rarement invit\u00e9es \u00e0 donner leur avis, mais leurs syst\u00e8mes de savoirs sont transmis \u00e0 la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration en raison de leur proximit\u00e9 et des interactions constantes. \u00c0 cet \u00e9gard, une responsable de groupe de femmes mbororo a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 :    <\/p><p><i>Lors des extr\u00eames climatiques tels que la s\u00e9cheresse, les hommes transportent leurs animaux vers les vall\u00e9es et les basses terres \u00e0 la recherche de p\u00e2turages frais et d\u2019eau, laissant les femmes et les enfants derri\u00e8re eux pour faire face aux conditions difficiles dans les collines. Cela nous a aid\u00e9s \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper des options d\u2019adaptation sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e0 nos contextes4 .<\/i><\/p><p>Ces syst\u00e8mes de connaissances sont partag\u00e9s entre les femmes de diff\u00e9rents groupes et entre voisines. La transmission entre les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations est assur\u00e9e par les femmes. Les petites filles occupent progressivement une position centrale dans l\u2019acquisition des connaissances, plus que les gar\u00e7ons, en raison de leur proximit\u00e9 avec leur m\u00e8re. Les gar\u00e7ons vont \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole et acqui\u00e8rent d\u2019autres comp\u00e9tences, tandis que les filles restent \u00e0 la maison et aident leurs parents dans leurs activit\u00e9s quotidiennes. Par exemple, pendant les p\u00e9riodes de s\u00e9cheresse et de p\u00e9nurie d\u2019eau, les filles se d\u00e9placent sur de longues distances pour aller chercher de l\u2019eau, leur capacit\u00e9 d&rsquo;observation du paysage leur permet de d\u00e9tecter les zones humides. Les enqu\u00eates sur le terrain ont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que les organisations non gouvernementales (ONG) telles que Mboscuda ont renforc\u00e9 les moyens d\u2019action de femmes qui poss\u00e8dent des savoirs ou des pratiques sp\u00e9cifiques et qui sont \u00e0 l\u2019avant-garde de l\u2019adaptation. Elles ont utilis\u00e9 ces connaissances pour am\u00e9liorer leurs techniques pastorales.       <\/p><p><b>\u2022 Am\u00e9lioration des p\u00e2turages et collecte de fourrage <\/b><\/p><p>L\u2019un des d\u00e9fis pos\u00e9s par le changement climatique aux \u00e9leveurs mbororo est la d\u00e9gradation rapide des p\u00e2turages. C\u2019est pourquoi les efforts sont ax\u00e9s sur l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la qualit\u00e9 de celles-ci. La participation des femmes a \u00e9t\u00e9 stimul\u00e9e et encourag\u00e9e par des institutions et des ONG telles que Mideno, Acefa5 et Mboscuda. La d\u00e9l\u00e9gation r\u00e9gionale de l\u2019\u00e9levage, des p\u00eaches et des industries animales (Minepia6 ), gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ses programmes de sensibilisation dans les diff\u00e9rents ardorates (Communaut\u00e9s pastorales) et \u00e0 la distribution de nouvelles esp\u00e8ces fourrag\u00e8res aux \u00e9leveurs, a am\u00e9lior\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re significative la production de p\u00e2turages. Cela a permis de r\u00e9duire le niveau de transhumance, les conflits entre agriculteurs et \u00e9leveurs, ainsi que le risque de contraction de maladies par les animaux. Les p\u00e2turages am\u00e9lior\u00e9s ont une capacit\u00e9 de charge \u00e9lev\u00e9e, car ils permettent de nourrir un grand nombre d\u2019animaux sur une petite surface (figure 1). L\u2019avantage de ces p\u00e2turages est qu\u2019ils sont utilis\u00e9s pendant les p\u00e9riodes de p\u00e9nurie et lors des transhumances. Les jeunes bovins ou ceux qui ne sont pas en mesure de se d\u00e9placer sur de longues distances sont \u00e9lev\u00e9s dans ces p\u00e2turages. Les animaux peuvent y rester et se nourrir pendant plus de deux mois. Cette r\u00e9ponse s\u2019est av\u00e9r\u00e9e tr\u00e8s utile pendant les p\u00e9riodes de s\u00e9cheresse prolong\u00e9e.         <\/p><figure id=\"attachment_11266\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11266\" style=\"width: 1194px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11265 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/plate-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1194\" height=\"434\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-11266\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 1 : Am\u00e9lioration de la culture des p\u00e2turages et de la collecte de fourrage le long des pentes de la montagne Kilum Ijim.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe32541 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fe32541\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Source: Moye, 2023<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1565b61 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1565b61\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La photo A repr\u00e9sente une ferme o\u00f9 l\u2019on cultive une esp\u00e8ce de p\u00e2turage appel\u00e9e \u00ab barcaria \u00bb, utilis\u00e9e pour nourrir les animaux pendant les p\u00e9riodes de p\u00e9nurie. La photo B montre une installation o\u00f9 le b\u00e9tail est nourri avec des p\u00e2turages r\u00e9colt\u00e9s. Pendant les p\u00e9riodes d\u2019abondance, les femmes et les enfants r\u00e9coltent le fourrage, le s\u00e8chent, le m\u00e9langent avec du sel et le conservent pour nourrir les animaux lorsque les conditions sont rudes. De m\u00eame, les femmes sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement en charge de la collecte du fourrage pour enrichir l\u2019alimentation du b\u00e9tail gard\u00e9 \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9. Par exemple, dans les collines de Sabga, les femmes compl\u00e8tent traditionnellement le r\u00e9gime alimentaire des veaux avec de l\u2019herbe indig\u00e8ne, qu\u2019elles coupent et transportent, de m\u00eame qu\u2019elles les approvisionnent en eau de source. Sur les hauts plateaux du Kom, les femmes jouent \u00e9galement ce r\u00f4le, elles y rajoutent du sel et soignent les animaux malades \u00e0 l\u2019aide de rem\u00e8des traditionnels.     <\/p><p><b> \u2022 Diversification des sources de revenus <\/b><\/p><p>Les femmes mbororo ont jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le important dans la diversification des sources de revenus, ce qui a permis \u00e0 de nombreuses familles de faire face au stress li\u00e9 au climat, telle l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire. Les cultures vivri\u00e8res, par exemple, sont pratiqu\u00e9es par les femmes autour des p\u00e2turages et des exploitations familiales. De nombreuses ONG et organisations gouvernementales ont concentr\u00e9 leur soutien sur la mobilisation des femmes mbororo, leur formation et l\u2019octroi de subventions pour la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019entreprises. Il est ressorti que de nombreuses femmes pr\u00e9f\u00e9raient cultiver et \u00e9lever du b\u00e9tail plut\u00f4t que de continuer \u00e0 mener le mode de vie nomade pratiqu\u00e9 par les \u00e9leveurs hommes (entretien, 2023). Les femmes ont jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le important dans le processus de s\u00e9dentarisation, ce qui a permis de diversifier les moyens de subsistance et de cr\u00e9er de nouvelles activit\u00e9s g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrices de revenus, tout en facilitant l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s. Les femmes, en particulier, sont d\u00e9sireuses de saisir les opportunit\u00e9s de petites transactions et de petit commerce offertes sur les march\u00e9s locaux ou dans les zones p\u00e9riurbaines, et d\u2019en tirer profit. Les nouvelles possibilit\u00e9s d\u2019emploi et de travail entra\u00eenent une \u00e9volution des relations entre les hommes et les femmes, changements qui sont n\u00e9goci\u00e9s au sein des couples. Celles-ci ont \u00e9galement accru les possibilit\u00e9s pour les femmes de se mobiliser en groupes et de prendre part aux processus d\u00e9cisionnels. Cette nouvelle configuration a permis aux ONG de mettre plus facilement en \u00e9vidence les pr\u00e9occupations des femmes et de lutter pour un plus grand degr\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 entre les sexes et pour les droits des femmes. Ces organisations jouent par ailleur sun r\u00f4le tr\u00e8s important dans le r\u00e9tablissement des relations entre communaut\u00e9s et des r\u00e9seaux de soutien (agro)pastoraux vitaux en cas de risques climatiques.          <\/p><p>En 2019, les femmes mbororo des communaut\u00e9s Sabga, Akum et Ntabang ont \u00e9t\u00e9 sensibilis\u00e9es et form\u00e9es \u00e0 la culture de p\u00e9pini\u00e8res d\u2019oignons, de l\u00e9gumes et de semences de poireaux. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019un projet actuellement mis en \u0153uvre par Mboscuda avec des fonds du Foro Internacional de Mujeres Ind\u00edgenas (Fimi) intitul\u00e9 \u00ab Building Indigenous Mbororo Women\u2019s Resilience to Climate Change through Climate Smart Agriculture and Efficient Fireplaces \u00bb (figure 2) (Renforcer la r\u00e9silience des femmes indig\u00e8nes mbororo face au changement climatique \u00e0 travers une agriculture intelligente et des foyers efficaces). <\/p><figure id=\"attachment_11252\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11252\" style=\"width: 1138px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11251 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Photo-2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1138\" height=\"454\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-11252\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 2 : Pratiques agricoles intelligentes par les femmes mbororo. Organis\u00e9 par Mboscuda \u00e0 Sabga.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-996241b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"996241b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Source: MBOSCUDA, 2020<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d435579 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d435579\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ces femmes sont cens\u00e9es transmettre les semences \u00e0 d\u2019autres femmes de leur communaut\u00e9 apr\u00e8s leur premi\u00e8re r\u00e9colte, dans un objectif de durabilit\u00e9. Le jardinage n\u2019est pas une activit\u00e9 courante chez les femmes mbororo, ce qui explique pourquoi cette initiative a \u00e9t\u00e9 tr\u00e8s bien accueillie par elles.   <\/p><p><b>\u2022 \u00c9levage \u00e0 petite \u00e9chelle et \u00e9levage laitier <\/b><\/p><p>Les pasteurs mbororo pratiquent l\u2019\u00e9levage extensif, qui d\u00e9pend de l\u2019existence de p\u00e2turages naturels et de la disponibilit\u00e9 en eau, cette activit\u00e9 \u00e9tant particuli\u00e8rement vuln\u00e9rable aux al\u00e9as climatiques, l\u2019\u00e9levage en ranch et la production laiti\u00e8re ont \u00e9t\u00e9 introduits et adopt\u00e9s comme option d\u2019adaptation. Les femmes ont largement adopt\u00e9 cette m\u00e9thode moderne d\u2019\u00e9levage, tandis que les hommes continuent de pr\u00e9f\u00e9rer la transhumance. Le ranching est une m\u00e9thode d\u2019\u00e9levage en plein air qui repose sur l\u2019exploitation exclusive de p\u00e2turages, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement naturels et artificiels, dans le cadre d\u2019un syst\u00e8me faisant appel \u00e0 un minimum de main-d\u2019\u0153uvre. La surveillance du troupeau est remplac\u00e9e par l\u2019utilisation d\u2019enclos et l\u2019alimentation des animaux est assur\u00e9e principalement par les femmes et les enfants. Une cheffe de groupe de femmes mbororo a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 : <i>\u00ab De nos jours, il y a un changement d\u2019attitude chez les femmes et cela a pouss\u00e9 de nombreuses familles nomades \u00e0 adopter un mode de vie s\u00e9dentaire et plus durable en s\u2019engageant dans l\u2019\u00e9levage de b\u00e9tail7 . \u00bb<\/i>      <\/p><p>Les femmes mbororo jouent un r\u00f4le plus important dans la gestion du b\u00e9tail \u00e9lev\u00e9 \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 des habitations ou des champs. Dans la r\u00e9gion de Fundong, les femmes mbororo ont \u00e9t\u00e9 form\u00e9es \u00e0 s\u2019occuper d\u2019animaux tels que les moutons et les ch\u00e8vres. Elles s\u2019occupent des nouveau-n\u00e9s et des jeunes animaux, qui ne sont pas assez \u00e2g\u00e9s pour aller aux champs avec le reste du troupeau, elles s\u2019occupent \u00e9galement des animaux malades et participent \u00e0 la traite (figure 3).  <\/p><figure id=\"attachment_11268\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11268\" style=\"width: 1194px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11267 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/plate-3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1194\" height=\"530\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-11268\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 3 : Participation des femmes \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9levage et au ranch \u00e0 petite \u00e9chelle \u00e0 Fundong.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61fb4e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"61fb4e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Source: Moye, 2023<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc9322d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc9322d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sur la figure 3, la photo A montre des moutons gard\u00e9s par des fillettes, et la photo B une femme trayant le lait d\u2019une vache dans un ranch. Un entretien men\u00e9 \u00e0 la d\u00e9l\u00e9gation r\u00e9gionale de l\u2019\u00e9levage, des p\u00eaches et des industries animales (Minepia) pour la r\u00e9gion Nord-Ouest en 2023 a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que les moutons et les ch\u00e8vres sont plus r\u00e9sistants aux effets du changement climatique. Comme en t\u00e9moigne cet extrait :<i> L\u2019\u00e9levage de moutons gagne en importance dans de nombreuses zones de p\u00e2turage et il est contr\u00f4l\u00e9 par les femmes et les enfants. Je pense que ce type de b\u00e9tail est plus r\u00e9sistant aux \u00e9v\u00e9nements extr\u00eames tels que la s\u00e9cheresse, car il n\u00e9cessite moins de ressources que les bovins.<\/i>   <\/p><p>Traire le b\u00e9tail est l\u2019une des activit\u00e9s traditionnelles des Mbororo, mais de nos jours, elle est surtout pratiqu\u00e9e par les femmes et les enfants. L\u2019implication des femmes a fait de cette activit\u00e9 un moyen de subsistance important, car le lait produit est consomm\u00e9 quotidiennement, il est \u00e9galement vendu pour pouvoir acqu\u00e9rir les produits essentiels. Le lait est \u00e9galement transform\u00e9 en beurre, qui constitue une source importante de nourriture pour les habitants de la r\u00e9gion. Les entretiens ont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que    <\/p><p><i>\u00ab le lait est extrait de toutes les esp\u00e8ces de vaches telles que la vache rouge mbororo (Mbororoji), la vache blanche aku, la gudali, la bouran et la laiti\u00e8re8 \u00bb. <\/i><\/p><p>Il s\u2019agit d\u2019une activit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrice de revenus importante pour les femmes mbororo, qui leur permet d\u2019aider leurs maris dans la gestion du foyer. <\/p><h3><i>Contraintes rencontr\u00e9es par les femmes mbororo dans la mise en \u0153uvre de l\u2019adaptation <\/i><\/h3><p>Les femmes indig\u00e8nes mbororo poss\u00e8dent de riches syst\u00e8mes de savoirs qui peuvent limiter les effets n\u00e9gatifs du changement climatique, mais elles n\u2019ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9es dans les politiques d\u2019adaptation en raison d\u2019une s\u00e9rie d\u2019obstacles. Ceux-ci ont \u00e9t\u00e9 cod\u00e9s \u00e0 partir des entretiens et la fr\u00e9quence des codes a \u00e9t\u00e9 exprim\u00e9e en pourcentage (figure 4). La fr\u00e9quence du code fait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence au nombre de fois qu\u2019une id\u00e9e est exprim\u00e9e par diff\u00e9rentes personnes au cours des entretiens.  <\/p><figure id=\"attachment_11257\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11257\" style=\"width: 1194px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11256 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Capture-decran-2025-04-18-a-10.21.55.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1194\" height=\"654\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-11257\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 4 : Les d\u00e9fis des femmes mbororo face au changement climatique.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1123902 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1123902\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Source: Fieldwork, 2024<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2dc8f91 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2dc8f91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La figure 4 montre que les femmes autochtones souffrent de discriminations et d\u2019in\u00e9galit\u00e9s par rapport \u00e0 leurs homologues masculins, comme l\u2019indiquent 20,5 % des personnes interrog\u00e9es. En outre, l\u2019acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la terre et \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 fonci\u00e8re (15 %), le faible niveau d\u2019\u00e9ducation (14 %), l\u2019acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux informations sur le changement climatique (7,5 %), l\u2019acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 au cr\u00e9dit (10,3 %) et le faible pouvoir d\u2019achat (8,4 %) r\u00e9duisent leur capacit\u00e9 d\u2019adaptation. Ces d\u00e9fis sont exacerb\u00e9s par les coutumes strictes et les valeurs traditionnelles (13,1 %) des Mbororo qui emp\u00eachent les femmes de participer \u00e0 la prise de d\u00e9cision dans la gestion des ressources naturelles (11,2 %). Ces d\u00e9fis ont rendu les femmes tr\u00e8s vuln\u00e9rables aux chocs climatiques. Outre la discrimination dont elles font l\u2019objet de la part des autres communaut\u00e9s en raison de leurs statuts, les enjeux les plus complexes se situent au sein m\u00eame de la communaut\u00e9 mbororo, comme l\u2019a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 une femme de l\u2019\u00e9lite mbororo :    <i> Les femmes mbororo sont confront\u00e9es \u00e0 des difficult\u00e9s dues \u00e0 leurs propres normes culturelles, telles que le \u00ab Polaako \u00bb, qui entravent leur d\u00e9veloppement et leur \u00e9ducation. Ces normes maintiennent les femmes mbororo \u00e0 l\u2019arri\u00e8re-plan et les emp\u00eachent d\u2019acc\u00e9der \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation formelle, ce qui entra\u00eene leur sous-repr\u00e9sentation dans la prise de d\u00e9cision9 . <\/i>8  <\/p><p>Le l\u00e9gislateur camerounais pr\u00e9voit pourtant un acc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable aux ressources naturelles et aux actifs productifs. Le pays a \u00e9galement adopt\u00e9 la d\u00e9claration des Nations unies sur les droits des peuples autochtones en 2007, mais les femmes autochtones ne connaissent pas leurs droits et obligations.  <\/p><h2>Discussions <\/h2><p>Le changement climatique et les facteurs de stress environnementaux qui y sont li\u00e9s compromettent les sources de revenus en Afrique subsaharienne, mais les effets sont ressentis diff\u00e9remment selon les secteurs, les communaut\u00e9s et les groupes sociaux. Les Mbororo de la r\u00e9gion Nord-Ouest du Cameroun sont des pasteurs aux coutumes et valeurs traditionnelles rigoureuses qui tendent \u00e0 discriminer les femmes en termes d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux ressources et au d\u00e9veloppement dans son ensemble. Ils sont donc tr\u00e8s vuln\u00e9rables aux al\u00e9as climatiques, ce qui entra\u00eene des cons\u00e9quences socio\u00e9conomiques n\u00e9gatives (Nellemann et al, 2011 ; Amhair,, 2021 ; Moye et al, 2021 ; Awiti, 2022). Pour comprendre le r\u00f4le des femmes autochtones, il faut proc\u00e9der \u00e0 une analyse approfondie de leurs vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s, afin de d\u00e9couvrir leurs syst\u00e8mes de savoirs et leurs capacit\u00e9s \u00e0 faire face aux chocs climatiques. L\u2019approche \u00e9cof\u00e9ministe a permis d\u2019identifier les syst\u00e8mes de connaissances existants, les m\u00e9thodes de transmission et l\u2019\u00e9volution des pratiques agropastorales mises en valeur par les femmes. Toutefois, la mise en pratique de ces savoirs se heurte \u00e0 des obstacles. Cela corrobore le point de vue des f\u00e9ministes qui attribuent les difficult\u00e9s des femmes \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me de valeurs domin\u00e9 par les hommes, qui r\u00e9git les r\u00e9alit\u00e9s sociales quotidiennes ainsi qu\u2019aux in\u00e9galit\u00e9s g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9es et perp\u00e9tu\u00e9es par la culture (Carvarjal Escobar et al., 2008, p. 279 ; McGaughey, 2021, p. 14).      <\/p><p>Cependant, le r\u00f4le des femmes en Afrique dans l\u2019adaptation va au-del\u00e0 des normes de genre d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es par les \u00e9cof\u00e9ministes occidentales. Bien que la dimension capitaliste d\u00e9forme la notion de connaissance scientifique, comme l\u2019ont soulign\u00e9 Wane et Chandler (2002, p. 88), ce travail met en \u00e9vidence l\u2019importance des syst\u00e8mes de savoirs traditionnels dans l\u2019adaptation. Les r\u00e9sultats ont montr\u00e9 que les femmes mbororo ont mis en place une diversit\u00e9 de pratiques durables telles que la culture de p\u00e2turages et la collecte de fourrage, l\u2019\u00e9levage de petits ruminants, la production laiti\u00e8re et la traite des vaches, ainsi que la diversification des moyens de subsistance. Ces techniques, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement utilis\u00e9es pendant les p\u00e9riodes de stress climatique, ont am\u00e9lior\u00e9 leur r\u00e9sistance face aux effets du changement climatique. Les efforts des femmes se sont av\u00e9r\u00e9s tr\u00e8s utiles pendant les p\u00e9riodes de transhumance, lorsque les hommes se d\u00e9placent avec leurs troupeaux \u00e0 la recherche de p\u00e2turages et d\u2019eau. Les travaux universitaires existants ont suffisamment d\u00e9montr\u00e9 les contributions des femmes autochtones \u00e0 l\u2019adaptation au changement climatique en Afrique de l\u2019Est et en Asie. Au Kenya, par exemple, les Maasa\u00ef et les Turkana sont des communaut\u00e9s pastorales indig\u00e8nes qui vivent dans des zones arides et semi-arides expos\u00e9es aux effets n\u00e9fastes du changement climatique. Malgr\u00e9 leur vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9, leurs femmes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 activement impliqu\u00e9es dans la mobilit\u00e9, les options alternatives d\u2019alimentation du b\u00e9tail, la culture de fourrage et la diversification des moyens de subsistance pour r\u00e9duire les chocs li\u00e9s au climat (Banque mondiale, 2012). La relation entre le genre et le climat en Afrique de l\u2019Est et en Asie a fait l\u2019objet d\u2019une attention consid\u00e9rable (Carvarjal Escobar et al., 2008 ; Zoia et al., 2021 ; Deininger et al., 2023), mais les capacit\u00e9s d\u2019adaptation des femmes mbororo au Cameroun n\u2019ont pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 pleinement explor\u00e9es. Les politiques et la recherche se sont concentr\u00e9es sur les Pygm\u00e9es des zones foresti\u00e8res, en raison de la richesse des ressources foresti\u00e8res qui sont sous-exploit\u00e9es. Il faut dire que les \u00e9leveurs occupent des terres marginales et des pentes abruptes qui sont souvent consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme improductives. Il \u00e9tait donc important d\u2019examiner la capacit\u00e9 des femmes mbororo \u00e0 renforcer les pratiques durables en d\u00e9pit de leurs contraintes sp\u00e9cifiques. Cette \u00e9tude comble donc ce manque de connaissances et appelle \u00e0 une perspective \u00e9cof\u00e9ministe qui ne consid\u00e8re pas seulement les femmes comme des victimes, mais cherche \u00e0 mettre en valeur leurs syst\u00e8mes de connaissances. <\/p><h2>Conclusion et perspectives<\/h2><p>Ce travail sur le r\u00f4le des femmes mbororo dans l\u2019adaptation au changement climatique dans la r\u00e9gion Nord-Ouest du Cameroun avait pour objectif d\u2019examiner les contributions des femmes et leurs contraintes face \u00e0 l\u2019augmentation des chocs climatiques et des facteurs de stress associ\u00e9s. En utilisant une approche qualitative, les donn\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 collect\u00e9es et examin\u00e9es sous l\u2019angle de la th\u00e9orie \u00e9cof\u00e9ministe. Les r\u00e9sultats ont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que le changement climatique a entra\u00een\u00e9 une r\u00e9duction des ressources agropastorales, avec des cons\u00e9quences n\u00e9gatives sur les moyens de subsistance des communaut\u00e9s mbororo. Les diff\u00e9rences de genre r\u00e9sultant de la discrimination, des in\u00e9galit\u00e9s, de la faible participation \u00e0 la prise de d\u00e9cision et de l\u2019acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la terre et aux autres ressources naturelles ont exacerb\u00e9 le niveau de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des femmes. Cependant, ce travail a montr\u00e9 que les femmes mbororo disposent d\u2019un riche syst\u00e8me de savoirs qui mitige les impacts du changement climatique. Leurs syst\u00e8mes de connaissances \u00e9cologiques leur permettent de pr\u00e9voir l\u2019\u00e9volution des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes climatiques tels que l\u2019apparition de p\u00e9riodes de s\u00e9cheresse. Les \u00ab voyantes climatiques \u00bb par exemple lisent les changements lunaires et les comportements des plantes et des animaux pour pr\u00e9voir les changements climatiques. Cela s\u2019est av\u00e9r\u00e9 tr\u00e8s utile pour la planification des activit\u00e9s agropastorales. De m\u00eame, l\u2019implication des femmes dans l\u2019\u00e9levage et la diversification des moyens de subsistance sont des pratiques qui ont accru leur r\u00e9silience. Par cons\u00e9quent, les adaptations appropri\u00e9es dans les communaut\u00e9s mbororo n\u00e9cessitent une approche sensible au genre qui prenne en compte les points de vue et pratiques de la population locale.         <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d9184d e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2d9184d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7fd8c3 ignoretoc elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a7fd8c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">L'auteur<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38b0172 ignoretoc elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-link-in-bio\" data-id=\"38b0172\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"link-in-bio.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio e-link-in-bio\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image e-link-in-bio__identity-image-profile has-style-circle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/MOYE-Eric-KONGNSO-225x300.png\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image-element\" alt=\"\" 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data-widget_type=\"posts.posts_cards_pp_authors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-posts-container elementor-posts elementor-posts--skin-posts_cards_pp_authors elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-15271 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-revue author-global-africa\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/numero-10-global-africa-savoirs-protecteurs-savoir-proteger\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"1200\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Issue-10-\u2013-Global-AfricaProtective-Knowledges-The-Wisdom-to-Protect-.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-15268\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t        <div class=\"elementor-post__avatar\">\n            <img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/>        <\/div>\n        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/numero-10-global-africa-savoirs-protecteurs-savoir-proteger\/\" target=&quot;_blank&quot;>\n\t\t\t\tNum\u00e9ro 10 \u2013 Global Africa\u00ab Savoirs protecteurs, savoir prot\u00e9ger \u00bb\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/numero-10-global-africa-savoirs-protecteurs-savoir-proteger\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur Num\u00e9ro 10 \u2013 Global Africa\u00ab Savoirs protecteurs, savoir prot\u00e9ger \u00bb\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\tRead More \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t        <span class=\"elementor-post-author\">\n\t\t\tGlobal Africa\t\t<\/span>\n        \t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-15509 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-analyses-critiques author-karine-collette-fr author-ibrahima-ba-fr\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/terre-mere-trace-discursive-dune-emancipation-ecologique-au-nord-et-au-sud\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"527\" height=\"752\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Capture-decran-2025-06-27-a-19.19.41.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-14990\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Capture-decran-2025-06-27-a-19.19.41.png 527w, https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Capture-decran-2025-06-27-a-19.19.41-210x300.png 210w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 527px) 100vw, 527px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t        <div class=\"elementor-post__avatar\">\n            <img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/><img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/>        <\/div>\n        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/terre-mere-trace-discursive-dune-emancipation-ecologique-au-nord-et-au-sud\/\" target=&quot;_blank&quot;>\n\t\t\t\tTerre-M\u00e8re : trace discursive d\u2019une \u00e9mancipation \u00e9cologique au Nord et au Sud ?\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/terre-mere-trace-discursive-dune-emancipation-ecologique-au-nord-et-au-sud\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur Terre-M\u00e8re : trace discursive d\u2019une \u00e9mancipation \u00e9cologique au Nord et au Sud ?\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\tRead More \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t        <span class=\"elementor-post-author\">\n\t\t\tKarine Collette, Ibrahima Ba\t\t<\/span>\n        \t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-15517 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-champ author-cheikh-sadibou-sakho-fr author-masengesho-kamuzinzi-fr\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/we-heal-together-un-savoir-protecteur-par-excellence-qui-sinspire-de-lheritage-africain-ou-les-responsabilites-envers-soi-et-envers-autrui-sont-indissociables\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"527\" height=\"752\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Capture-decran-2025-06-27-a-19.18.04.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-14982\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t        <div class=\"elementor-post__avatar\">\n            <img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Cheikh-Sadibou-Sakho-.webp' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Cheikh-Sadibou-Sakho-.webp' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/><img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/>        <\/div>\n        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/we-heal-together-un-savoir-protecteur-par-excellence-qui-sinspire-de-lheritage-africain-ou-les-responsabilites-envers-soi-et-envers-autrui-sont-indissociables\/\" target=&quot;_blank&quot;>\n\t\t\t\t\u00ab We Heal Together \u00bb, un savoir protecteur par excellence qui s\u2019inspire de l\u2019h\u00e9ritage africain, o\u00f9 les responsabilit\u00e9s envers soi et envers autrui sont indissociables\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/we-heal-together-un-savoir-protecteur-par-excellence-qui-sinspire-de-lheritage-africain-ou-les-responsabilites-envers-soi-et-envers-autrui-sont-indissociables\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur \u00ab We Heal Together \u00bb, un savoir protecteur par excellence qui s\u2019inspire de l\u2019h\u00e9ritage africain, o\u00f9 les responsabilit\u00e9s envers soi et envers autrui sont indissociables\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\tRead More \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t        <span class=\"elementor-post-author\">\n\t\t\tCheikh Sadibou Sakho, Masengesho Kamuzinzi\t\t<\/span>\n        \t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-15523 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-analyses-critiques author-cheikh-sadibou-sakho-fr author-ndeye-laity-ndiaye-fr\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/it-takes-a-village-reinventer-la-mise-a-labri-des-survivantes-de-violences-sexuelles-au-senegalpistes-a-partir-de-lexperience-du-centre-kullimaaroo-de-ziguinchor\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"527\" height=\"752\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Capture-decran-2025-06-27-a-19.17.22.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-14992\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t        <div class=\"elementor-post__avatar\">\n            <img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Cheikh-Sadibou-Sakho-.webp' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Cheikh-Sadibou-Sakho-.webp' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/><img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/>        <\/div>\n        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/it-takes-a-village-reinventer-la-mise-a-labri-des-survivantes-de-violences-sexuelles-au-senegalpistes-a-partir-de-lexperience-du-centre-kullimaaroo-de-ziguinchor\/\" target=&quot;_blank&quot;>\n\t\t\t\tIt Takes a Village! (R\u00e9)inventer la mise \u00e0 l\u2019abri des survivantes de violences sexuelles au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal<br>Pistes \u00e0 partir de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience du centre Kullimaaroo de Ziguinchor\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/it-takes-a-village-reinventer-la-mise-a-labri-des-survivantes-de-violences-sexuelles-au-senegalpistes-a-partir-de-lexperience-du-centre-kullimaaroo-de-ziguinchor\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur It Takes a Village! (R\u00e9)inventer la mise \u00e0 l\u2019abri des survivantes de violences sexuelles au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal&lt;br&gt;Pistes \u00e0 partir de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience du centre Kullimaaroo de Ziguinchor\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\tRead More \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t        <span class=\"elementor-post-author\">\n\t\t\tCheikh Sadibou Sakho, Nd\u00e8ye La\u00efty Ndiaye\t\t<\/span>\n        \t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e590199 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e590199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3dd1381 elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-adv-tabs\" data-id=\"3dd1381\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-adv-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t        <div data-scroll-on-click=\"no\" data-scroll-speed=\"300\" id=\"eael-advance-tabs-3dd1381\" class=\"eael-advance-tabs eael-tabs-horizontal eael-tab-auto-active  responsive-vertical-layout\" data-tabid=\"3dd1381\">\n            <div class=\"eael-tabs-nav \">\n                <ul class=\"eael-tab-inline-icon\" role=\"tablist\">\n                                            <li id=\"citing\" class=\"active-default eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"citing-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <i class=\"fas fa-quote-left\"><\/i>                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Pour citer l&rsquo;article :<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"Notes\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"Notes-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <i class=\"fas fa-notes-medical\"><\/i>                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Notes<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"Bibliography\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"Bibliography-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <i class=\"fas fa-book\"><\/i>                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Bibliographie<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                    \n                                  <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"eael-tabs-content\">\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"citing-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item active-default\" data-title-link=\"citing-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <h5>APA<\/h5>\n<p>Kongnso, M. E. (2025). L\u2019adaptation des femmes Mbororo au changement climatique. Exp\u00e9riences d\u2019une communaut\u00e9 pastorale dans la r\u00e9gion Nord-Ouest du Cameroun. <em class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\">Global Africa<\/em>, (9), pp. 70-83. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57832\/d2tm-7c21  <u class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\"><\/u><u class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\"><a class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57832\/7082-tf35\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57832\/7082-tf35<\/a><\/u><\/p>\n<h5><br><br>MLA<\/h5>\n<p>Kongnso, Moye Eric. \u00ab L\u2019adaptation des femmes Mbororo au changement climatique. Exp\u00e9riences d\u2019une communaut\u00e9 pastorale dans la r\u00e9gion Nord-Ouest du Cameroun. \u00bb <em class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\">Global Africa<\/em>, no. 9, 2025, pp. 70-83. doi.org\/10.57832\/d2tm-7c21  <\/p>\n<h5><br><br>DOI<\/h5>\n<p><a class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57832\/7082-tf35\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57832\/7082-tf35<\/u><\/a><br><br>\u00a9 2023 by author(s). This work is openly licensed via CC BY-NC 4.0 <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"Notes-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"Notes-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <p id=\"viewer-foo\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\"><a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-04-en#_ftnref1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>[1]<\/u><\/a> Le probl\u00e8me mbororo se r\u00e9f\u00e8re \u00e0 ceux de la marginalisation, de la sous-repr\u00e9sentation ou de la non-repr\u00e9sentation, de la s\u00e9dentarisation, de la libre circulation, de la libre interaction avec les premiers habitants, de la stigmatisation par les non-Mbororo. Les Mbororo (en raison de leur mode de vie nomade, pastoral et s\u00e9dentaire) dans la r\u00e9gion Nord-Ouest ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes d\u2019exploitation, d\u2019oppression, de harc\u00e8lement et d\u2019humiliation de la part de leurs voisins agriculteurs, de l\u2019administration et de certaines \u00e9lites mbororo riches et assoiff\u00e9es de pouvoir. Ce probl\u00e8me peut \u00e9galement \u00eatre d\u00fb au mode de vie des Mbororo, \u00e0 l&rsquo;illettrisme et au manque de conseils et de coop\u00e9ration.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-c9akt10367\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\"><a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-04-en#_ftnref2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>[2]<\/u><\/a> Entretien avec une \u00e9lite mbororo sur les pentes de la colline de Sabga, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en mars 2023.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-8kewc10370\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\"><a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-04-en#_ftnref3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>[3]<\/u><\/a> Entretien avec un \u00e9leveur de b\u00e9tail sur les pentes de Sabga en 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-m541t10373\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\"><a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-04-en#_ftnref4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>[4]<\/u><\/a> Entretien avec une cheffe de groupe de femmes mbororo et membre de Mboscuda \u00e0 Mezam, Bamenda.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-249ca10376\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\"><a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-04-en#_ftnref5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>[5]<\/u><\/a> Programme Acefa : am\u00e9lioration de la comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 des exploitations familiales agropastorales.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-4pldx10379\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\"><a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-04-en#_ftnref6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>[6]<\/u><\/a> Entretien avec une cheffe de groupe de femmes mbororo et membre de Mboscuda \u00e0 Mezam, Bamenda.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-gxzx710382\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\"><a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-04-en#_ftnref7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>[7]<\/u><\/a> Interview d\u2019une femme mbororo participant \u00e0 la traite des vaches \u00e0 Funding en 2023.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-aoapk10385\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\"><a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-09\/art-09-04-en#_ftnref8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>[8]<\/u><\/a> Entretien avec une femme de l\u2019\u00e9lite mbororo et militante des droits de l\u2019homme en 2023.<\/span><\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"Bibliography-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"Bibliography-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <p id=\"viewer-0g24b10147\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\">Amhair, L. (2021). A gender approach to climate change resilience. <em>Arribat \u2013 International Journal of Human Rights, 1<\/em>(2), 8. <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-sk96p10151\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\">Arshad, Z., Akhtar, K., Khan, L. A., &amp; Ullah, A. (2021). Women\u2019s participation and their constraints in livestock management activities: A case study of district Bahawalpur in Punjab, Pakistan. <em>International Journal of Veterinary Science &amp; Research<\/em>, <em>7<\/em>(2), 83\u201387. <a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.17352\/ijvsr.000085\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u> <\/u><\/a><a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.17352\/ijvsr.000085\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.17352\/ijvsr.000085<\/u><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-btqz110159\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\">Awiti, A. (2022). Climate change and gender in Africa: A review of impact and gender-responsive solutions. <em>Frontiers in Climate, Security &amp; Climate Services<\/em>, 14. <a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fclim.2022.895950\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u> <\/u><\/a><a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fclim.2022.895950\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fclim.2022.895950<\/u><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-11arp10165\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\">Babugura, A. (2010). <em>Gender and climate change: South Africa case study.<\/em> Heinrich B\u00f6ll Foundation Southern Africa.<a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.boell.org.za\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u> <\/u><\/a><a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.boell.org.za\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>https:\/\/www.boell.org.za<\/u><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-jrmff10171\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\">Brody, A., Demetriades, J., &amp; Esplen, E. (2008). <em>Gender and climate change: Mapping the linkages, a scoping study on knowledge and gaps.<\/em> Institute of Development Studies (IDS).<a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bridge.ids.ac.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u> <\/u><\/a><a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bridge.ids.ac.uk\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>http:\/\/www.bridge.ids.ac.uk\/<\/u><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-r9e9610177\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\">Carvajal-Escobar, Y., Quintero-Angel, M., &amp; Vargas, G. (2008). Women\u2019s role in adapting to climate change and variability. <em>Advances in Geosciences<\/em>, <em>14<\/em>, 277\u2013280. <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-rbwfp10183\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\">Chingarande, D., Huyer, S., Lanzarini, S., Makokha, J., Masiko, W., Mungai, C., Njuki, J., Adera, E. O., &amp; Omolo, N. W. G. (2020). <em>Mainstreaming gender into national adaptation planning and implementation in Sub-Saharan Africa.<\/em> CCAFS Working Paper No. 323. CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). <a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10568\/110699\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u> <\/u><\/a><a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10568\/110699\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10568\/110699<\/u><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-tiel110189\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\">Deininger, F., Woodhouse, A., Kuriakose, A., Gren, A., &amp; Liaqat, S. (2023). <em>Placing gender equality at the center of climate action.<\/em> World Bank Group Gender Thematic Policy Notes Series. World Bank. <a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10986\/39436\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u> <\/u><\/a><a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10986\/39436\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10986\/39436<\/u><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-rcfgz10195\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\">Fon, R., &amp; Ndamba, M. (2008). <em>Mboscuda\u2019s access to justice and promotion of land rights for the Mbororos of the North West of Cameroon<\/em>. MBOSCUDA North West Province, Bamenda-Cameroon. <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-w07ef10199\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\">Forbang, E., Lengha, T. N., &amp; Amungwa, A. (2020). 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Ecofeminism and climate change. <em>Women\u2019s Studies International Forum, 49<\/em>, 20\u201333. <a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wsif.2015.02.004\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u> <\/u><\/a><a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wsif.2015.02.004\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wsif.2015.02.004<\/u><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-5kum010211\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\">Ginbo, T., &amp; Hansson, H. (2023). 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From nomads to nationals, from nationals to undesirable elements: The case of the Mbororo\/Fulani in North West Cameroon 1916\u20132008, a historical investigation. <em>International Journal of Latest Engineering and Management Research (IJLEMR)<\/em>, 10\u201319. <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-07mzc10231\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\">Jabiru, A. (2017). The Mbororo problem in North West Cameroon: A historical investigation. <em>American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS)<\/em>, 37\u201348. <a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"http:\/\/asrjetsjournal.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u> <\/u><\/a><a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"http:\/\/asrjetsjournal.org\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>http:\/\/asrjetsjournal.org\/<\/u><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-vpgob10237\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\">Johnson, O. (2022). A woman\u2019s place is in the resistance: An ecofeminist response to climate change. <em>Student Theses<\/em>, 71. <a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/research.library.fordham.edu\/environ_2015\/128\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u> <\/u><\/a><a class=\"pDNga DSGma\" href=\"https:\/\/research.library.fordham.edu\/environ_2015\/128\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>https:\/\/research.library.fordham.edu\/environ_2015\/128<\/u><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-edg6n10243\" class=\"FE-uk _6m6GM lbOW6 xHBmq\"><span class=\"_4fqav\">Mekuyie, M., Jordaan, A., &amp; Melka, Y. (2018). 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class=\"eael-creative-button-wrapper\">\n\n            <a class=\"eael-creative-button eael-creative-button--default eael-cb-icon-position-\" href=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Doff_canvas%3Aopen%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ImZjMzRiODYiLCJkaXNwbGF5TW9kZSI6Im9wZW4ifQ%3D%3D\" data-text=\"Allez-y !\">\n            \t    \n                <div class=\"creative-button-inner\">\n\n                    \n                    <span class=\"cretive-button-text\">Table des mati\u00e8res<\/span>\n\n                                    <\/div>\n\t                        <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Num\u00e9ro 9 &#8211; Jeunes chercheurs This post is also available in: English Fran\u00e7ais (French) T\u00c9L\u00c9CHARGER EN PDF 09.2025Varia Publi\u00e9 le : 20 mars 2025ISSN: 3020-0458 T\u00c9L\u00c9CHARGER LE NUM\u00c9RO PDF Abstract R\u00e9sum\u00e9 Muhtasari \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 The indigenous Mbororo pastoralists are hardest hit by climate variability and change due to their inextricable link with the natural environment and their limited coping options. With the guiding premise that Mbororo women are highly vulnerable to the vagaries of weather, this study set out to examine their role in enhancing adaptation to climate variability and change. With a qualitative approach, data was collected from Mbororo pastoralists (9), crop farmers (6), traditional authorities (3), heads of Mbororo women groups (3) and members of MBOSCUDA (4) purposively selected from Mbororo communities in the region. Secondary data was obtained from online publications, reports and archives. Data collected was coded and treated in Atlas.Ti. Content and thematic analyses were made under the lens of eco-feminist theory. Results revealed that women have valuable knowledge systems and are always at the forefront of adaptation, especially in cases of men\u2019s out-migration. Women have been actively involved in livelihood diversification such as cattle milking and crop farming thereby strengthening their resilience and reducing weather shocks. Unlike before, more than 60% of Mbororo women now rear smaller animals such as goats and sheep which are more adaptable than cattle. Nonetheless, the role of women in the implementation of these indigenous knowledge systems has been undermined. Gender discrimination on land ownership, low level of education, inadequate financial resources and low participation of women in decision-making are some of the factors hindering adaptation. Hence, policies on climate change adaptation must be gender-responsive and take into consideration indigenous people and their local knowledge systems. Keywords Mbororo women, Pastoralists\u2019 indigenous knowledge, Climate change, Adaptation, Gender, Feminism, Eco-feminism Les \u00e9leveurs indig\u00e8nes mbororo sont les plus durement touch\u00e9s par la variabilit\u00e9 et le changement climatiques en raison de leur lien inextricable avec l\u2019environnement naturel et de leurs possibilit\u00e9s d\u2019adaptation limit\u00e9es. Partant du principe que les femmes mbororo sont tr\u00e8s vuln\u00e9rables aux al\u00e9as climatiques, cette \u00e9tude s\u2019est attach\u00e9e \u00e0 examiner leur r\u00f4le dans l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de l\u2019adaptation \u00e0 la variabilit\u00e9 et au changement climatiques. Dans le cadre d\u2019une approche qualitative, les donn\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 recueillies aupr\u00e8s d\u2019\u00e9leveurs mbororo (9), de cultivateurs (6), d\u2019autorit\u00e9s traditionnelles (3), de chefs de groupes de femmes mbororo (3) et de membres du Mboscuda (4) s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s \u00e0 dessein dans les communaut\u00e9s mbororo de la r\u00e9gion. Les donn\u00e9es secondaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 obtenues \u00e0 partir de publications en ligne, de rapports et d\u2019archives. Les donn\u00e9es recueillies ont \u00e9t\u00e9 cod\u00e9es et trait\u00e9es avec le logiciel Atlas.ti. Des analyses th\u00e9matiques et de contenu ont \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9es sous l\u2019angle de la th\u00e9orie \u00e9cof\u00e9ministe. Les r\u00e9sultats ont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que les femmes poss\u00e8dent des syst\u00e8mes de connaissances pr\u00e9cieux et qu\u2019elles sont toujours \u00e0 l\u2019avant-garde de l\u2019adaptation, en particulier dans les cas d\u2019\u00e9migration des hommes. Les femmes se sont activement impliqu\u00e9es dans la diversification des moyens de subsistance tels que la traite des bovins et les cultures, renfor\u00e7ant ainsi leur r\u00e9silience et r\u00e9duisant les chocs climatiques. Contrairement \u00e0 ce qui se passait auparavant, plus de 60 % des femmes mbororo \u00e9l\u00e8vent aujourd\u2019hui des animaux plus petits, tels que des ch\u00e8vres et des moutons, qui sont plus adaptables que les bovins. N\u00e9anmoins, le r\u00f4le des femmes dans la mise en \u0153uvre de ces syst\u00e8mes de connaissances indig\u00e8nes a \u00e9t\u00e9 atrophi\u00e9. La discrimination fond\u00e9e sur le sexe en mati\u00e8re de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 fonci\u00e8re, le faible niveau d\u2019\u00e9ducation, l\u2019insuffisance des ressources financi\u00e8res et la faible participation des femmes \u00e0 la prise de d\u00e9cision sont quelques-uns des facteurs qui entravent l\u2019adaptation. Par cons\u00e9quent, les politiques d\u2019adaptation au changement climatique doivent tenir compte de la dimension genre et prendre en consid\u00e9ration les populations autochtones et leurs syst\u00e8mes de connaissances locaux. Mots-cl\u00e9s Femmes mbororo, connaissances indig\u00e8nes des pasteurs, changement climatique, adaptation, sensibilit\u00e9 au genre Wafugaji wa kiasili wa Mbororo wameathirika zaidi na mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa kwa sababu ya uhusiano wao usioweza kutenganishwa na mazingira asilia na uwezo mdogo wa kukabiliana na hali hiyo. Kwa kuzingatia dhana kwamba wanawake wa Mbororo wako katika hatari kubwa ya majanga ya hali ya hewa, utafiti huu ulitaka kuchunguza jukumu lao katika kuboresha kukabiliana na mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa na mabadiliko. Kwa kutumia mbinu ya ubora, takwimu zilikusanywa kutoka kwa wafugaji wa Mbororo (9), wakulima (6), mamlaka za kimila (3), viongozi wa vikundi vya wanawake wa Mbororo (3) na wanachama wa MBOSCUDA (4) waliochaguliwa kimakusudi kutoka kwa jamii za Mbororo mkoani humo. Data ya pili ilipatikana kutoka kwa machapisho ya mtandaoni, ripoti na kumbukumbu. Data iliyokusanywa ilinakiliwa na kuchakatwa katika Atlas.ti. Uchambuzi wa kimaudhui na maudhui ulifanywa kwa mtazamo wa nadharia ya ufeministi. Matokeo yalifichua kuwa wanawake wana mifumo muhimu ya maarifa na daima wako mstari wa mbele kukabiliana na hali, hasa katika visa vya uhamaji wa wanaume. Wanawake wameshiriki kikamilifu katika kuleta maisha mseto kama vile kukamua ng&#8217;ombe na kilimo cha mazao, na hivyo kuimarisha uwezo wao wa kustahimili hali ya hewa na kupunguza majanga ya hali ya hewa. Tofauti na hapo awali, zaidi ya asilimia 60 ya wanawake wa Mbororo sasa wanafuga wanyama wadogo, kama vile mbuzi na kondoo, ambao wanaweza kubadilika zaidi kuliko ng&#8217;ombe. Hata hivyo, jukumu la wanawake katika kutekeleza mifumo hii ya maarifa asilia limedhoofishwa. Ubaguzi wa kijinsia katika umiliki wa ardhi, viwango vya chini vya elimu, uhaba wa rasilimali fedha na ushiriki mdogo wa wanawake katika kufanya maamuzi ni baadhi ya mambo yanayokwamisha kukabiliana na hali hiyo. Kwa hivyo, sera za kukabiliana na mabadiliko ya tabia nchi lazima ziwe zinazozingatia jinsia na kuzingatia watu wa kiasili na mifumo yao ya maarifa ya kienyeji. Maneno muhimu Wanawake wa Mbororo, maarifa asilia ya wafugaji, mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa, kukabiliana na hali, usikivu wa kijinsia \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0651\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0652\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064f\u0631\u0648 (Mbororo) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 &#8220;\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0648&#8221; \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":139,"featured_media":11117,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[260],"tags":[],"issues3":[],"post_folder":[],"ppma_author":[427],"class_list":["post-11283","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jeunes-chercheurs","author-moye-eric-kongnso-fr"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>L\u2019adaptation des femmes Mbororo au changement climatique.Exp\u00e9riences d\u2019une communaut\u00e9 pastorale dans la r\u00e9gion Nord-Ouest du Cameroun | Global Africa<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L\u2019adaptation des femmes Mbororo au changement climatique Exp\u00e9riences d\u2019une communaut\u00e9 pastorale dans la r\u00e9gion Nord-Ouest du Cameroun\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/ladaptation-des-femmes-mbororo-au-changement-climatique-experiences-dune-communaute-pastorale-dans-la-region-nord-ouest-du-cameroun\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L\u2019adaptation des femmes Mbororo au changement climatique.Exp\u00e9riences d\u2019une communaut\u00e9 pastorale dans la r\u00e9gion Nord-Ouest du Cameroun | Global Africa\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"L\u2019adaptation des femmes Mbororo au changement climatique Exp\u00e9riences d\u2019une communaut\u00e9 pastorale dans la r\u00e9gion Nord-Ouest du Cameroun\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/ladaptation-des-femmes-mbororo-au-changement-climatique-experiences-dune-communaute-pastorale-dans-la-region-nord-ouest-du-cameroun\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Global Africa\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/globalafricasciences\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-04-18T09:27:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-05-15T11:21:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/issue-9-10.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"798\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1128\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Cheikh Sadibou Sakho, Nd\u00e8ye La\u00efty Ndiaye\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Moye Eric Kongnso\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"46 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.globalafricasciences.org\\\/fr\\\/ladaptation-des-femmes-mbororo-au-changement-climatique-experiences-dune-communaute-pastorale-dans-la-region-nord-ouest-du-cameroun\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.globalafricasciences.org\\\/fr\\\/ladaptation-des-femmes-mbororo-au-changement-climatique-experiences-dune-communaute-pastorale-dans-la-region-nord-ouest-du-cameroun\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Moye Eric Kongnso\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.globalafricasciences.org\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/5df2949daf0561a2a4f2c5260fbca37f\"},\"headline\":\"L\u2019adaptation des femmes Mbororo au changement climatique. 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