{"id":10672,"date":"2025-03-12T23:34:18","date_gmt":"2025-03-12T23:34:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/actualites\/economie-numerique-en-afrique\/"},"modified":"2025-05-15T11:52:38","modified_gmt":"2025-05-15T11:52:38","slug":"economie-numerique-en-afrique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/economie-numerique-en-afrique\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9conomie num\u00e9rique en Afrique"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"10672\" class=\"elementor elementor-10672\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-036a802 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"036a802\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d1d7910 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d1d7910\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c21c9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7c21c9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Num\u00e9ro 08 - Introduction<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62d8bc1 elementor-author-box--link-yes ignoretoc elementor-author-box--avatar-yes elementor-author-box--name-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-author-box\" data-id=\"62d8bc1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"author-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/author\/ibrahima-kane-fr\/\" class=\"elementor-author-box__avatar\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Ibrahima-kane.webp\" alt=\"Image de Ibrahima Kane\" loading=\"lazy\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/author\/ibrahima-kane-fr\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-author-box__name\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIbrahima Kane\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-author-box__button elementor-button elementor-size-xs\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/author\/ibrahima-kane-fr\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tTous les articles de l'auteur\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c4068c ignoretoc elementor-widget elementor-widget-author-box\" data-id=\"6c4068c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"author-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/authors\/mame-penda-ba\" class=\"elementor-author-box__avatar\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Mame-Penda-Ba-Global-Africa-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"Image de Mame-Penda Ba\" loading=\"lazy\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/authors\/mame-penda-ba\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-author-box__name\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMame-Penda Ba\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-author-box__button elementor-button elementor-size-xs\" href=\"\/authors\/mame-penda-ba\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tTous les articles de l'auteur\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61ac983 ignoretoc elementor-widget elementor-widget-author-box\" data-id=\"61ac983\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"author-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/authors\/minata%20sarr\" class=\"elementor-author-box__avatar\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Minata-Sarr--225x300.png\" alt=\"Image de Minata Sarr\" loading=\"lazy\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/authors\/minata%20sarr\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-author-box__name\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMinata Sarr\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-author-box__button elementor-button elementor-size-xs\" href=\"\/authors\/minata%20sarr\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tTous les articles de l'auteur\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25f878a ignoretoc elementor-widget elementor-widget-author-box\" data-id=\"25f878a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"author-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/authors\/boubacar-diallo\" class=\"elementor-author-box__avatar\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpml-elementor-ls\"><p class=\"wpml-ls-statics-post_translations wpml-ls\">This post is also available in: \n<span role=\"menu\">\n    <span class=\"wpml-ls-slot-post_translations wpml-ls-item wpml-ls-item-en wpml-ls-first-item wpml-ls-item-legacy-post-translations\" role=\"none\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/\" class=\"wpml-ls-link\" role=\"menuitem\" aria-label=\"Passer \u00e0 Anglais(English)\" title=\"Passer \u00e0 Anglais(English)\"><img decoding=\"async\"\n            class=\"wpml-ls-flag\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/flags\/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg\"\n            alt=\"\"\n            width=18\n            height=12\n    \/><span class=\"wpml-ls-native\" lang=\"en\">English<\/span><span class=\"wpml-ls-display\"><span class=\"wpml-ls-bracket\"> (<\/span>Anglais<span class=\"wpml-ls-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span>    <span 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aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_email\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Partager sur email\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fas fa-envelope\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-297d7b5 elementor-align-left elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"297d7b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57832\/a8ve-x688\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-file-pdf\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">T\u00c9L\u00c9CHARGER EN PDF<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2724b9e e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2724b9e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f03e25c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f03e25c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"\/?issues=Digital%20Economy%20in%20Africa%20\">08.2024<br>\u00c9conomie num\u00e9rique en Afrique<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2b07a4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2b07a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Publi\u00e9 le : 20 d\u00e9cembre 2024<br><\/strong><strong>ISSN: 3020-0458<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38d84bf elementor-align-center elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"38d84bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Global-Africa-Issue-08-Digital-Economy-in-Africa.pdf\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">T\u00c9L\u00c9CHARGER LE NUM\u00c9RO PDF<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5db791 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b5db791\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2481\" height=\"3508\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Global-Africa-Issue-08-Digital-Economy-in-Africa.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-9934\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae2d51c e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ae2d51c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c8215e e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3c8215e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa2f8e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-adv-tabs\" data-id=\"fa2f8e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-adv-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t        <div data-scroll-on-click=\"no\" data-scroll-speed=\"300\" id=\"eael-advance-tabs-fa2f8e7\" class=\"eael-advance-tabs eael-tabs-horizontal eael-tab-auto-active  responsive-vertical-layout\" data-tabid=\"fa2f8e7\">\n            <div class=\"eael-tabs-nav \">\n                <ul class=\"eael-tab-inline-icon\" role=\"tablist\">\n                                            <li id=\"abstract\" class=\"active-default eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"abstract-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg\" alt=\"\">\n                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Abstract<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"rsum\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"rsum-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Flag_of_France.svg\" alt=\"\">\n                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >R\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"muhtasari\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"muhtasari-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Flag_of_Kenya.svg\" alt=\"\">\n                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Muhtasari<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                   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10.022-0.179 3.547-0.703 7.172-1.001 11.013-0.096 1.235-0.283 2.953-0.498 4.816 2.086-2.604 4.252-5.247 5.566-6.692 0.453-0.499 0.931-1.053 1.422-1.638 0.392-5.814 0.769-13.089 0.968-16.142 0.197-3.042 0.07-6.866 0.047-7.531-0.024-0.665 0.318-0.551 0.809 0.925 0.658 1.981 1.071 7.176 0.927 10.621-0.086 2.047-0.275 5.779-0.479 9.309 1.619-2.081 3.156-4.182 4.156-5.6 1.778-2.518 3.411-5.512 3.982-7.38 0.57-1.87 0.633-2.424 0.744-2.757s0.602 1.031 0.524 3.168\" fill=\"#fff\"><\/path><\/g><\/g><path id=\"sword\" d=\"m1558.8 1170.7c-1.1729-3.3554-4.7649-5.8169-9.0607-5.8169s-7.8806 2.4615-9.0608 5.8169h-40.678c-0.4105-4.5128-0.01-9.0477 1.2683-13.465l83.981-0.051 2.3385 3.9414c2.1113 3.5531 4.7797 6.7619 7.8731 9.5751zm55.596-39.026h-100.92c7.7559-5.5971 11.824-13.766 10.732-22.029-0.6964-5.2089-5.8571-9.099-12.147-9.6264h-3.1596c-7.6532 0.7472-13.203 6.2637-12.396 12.322l0.3079 2.3297 0.3738 3.5824c0.4106 4.4982 0.015 9.0183-1.2535 13.421h-745.97c11.077 16.117 31.273 26 53.082 25.985l680.71-0.4178c-7.7852 5.6044-11.868 13.788-10.769 22.066 0.8064 6.0585 7.6533 10.374 15.307 9.6263 7.6459-0.7472 13.195-6.2637 12.396-12.33l-0.3079-2.3223h40.004c0.7037 3.9048 4.6037 6.9011 9.354 6.9011s8.6502-2.9963 9.3613-6.9011h40.693v-0.095c8.4963 6.0294 19.294 9.4946 30.716 9.4946 10.747 0 19.456-7.4652 19.456-16.681v-4.8205c0-16.842-15.922-30.506-35.569-30.506\" fill=\"#fff\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg>                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                    \n                                  <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"eael-tabs-content\">\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"abstract-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item active-default\" data-title-link=\"abstract-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"rsum-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"rsum-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"muhtasari-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"muhtasari-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t                    <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff89d56 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ff89d56\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Introduction<\/h2><p>En f\u00e9vrier 2024, les Chefs d\u2019\u00c9tat et de gouvernement de l\u2019Union africaine ont adopt\u00e9 le Protocole d\u2019accord portant cr\u00e9ation d\u2019une zone de libre-\u00e9change continentale africaine sur le commerce num\u00e9rique dont l\u2019ambition est \u00ab d\u2019exploiter les technologies num\u00e9riques et l\u2019innovation pour stimuler le commerce et l\u2019investissement intra-africains, approfondir l\u2019int\u00e9gration \u00e9conomique de l\u2019Afrique, transformer les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s et les \u00e9conomies africaines, g\u00e9n\u00e9rer une croissance \u00e9conomique durable et inclusive, stimuler la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019emplois, r\u00e9duire les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s et \u00e9radiquer la pauvret\u00e9 en vue de la r\u00e9alisation du d\u00e9veloppement socio-\u00e9conomique du continent1 \u00bb. Les annexes suivantes pourraient faire l\u2019objet d\u2019examen et d\u2019adoption en 2025 : celles relatives aux r\u00e8gles d\u2019origine, aux identit\u00e9s num\u00e9riques, aux paiements num\u00e9riques transfrontaliers, aux transferts transfrontaliers des donn\u00e9es, aux Codes source, celles relatives \u00e0 la s\u00fbret\u00e9 et \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en ligne ; aux technologies \u00e9mergentes et avanc\u00e9es ainsi qu&rsquo;aux technologies financi\u00e8res.  <\/p><p>Pour un continent qui ne repr\u00e9sentait en 2022 que 0.9 % des exportations mondiales de services fournis par voie num\u00e9rique2 , un tel instrument juridique pourrait permettre aux \u00c9tats africains de tirer un meilleur parti de la num\u00e9risation des activit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques pour stimuler le commerce intra-africain des marchandises et faire circuler sans restriction les biens et services entre \u00c9tats africains. Il est vrai que la transformation num\u00e9rique des transactions et des activit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques pourrait ouvrir en Afrique de nouvelles perspectives dans l\u2019entreprenariat, la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019emplois, la cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9 et l\u2019innovation. D\u2019un point de vue d\u00e9mocratique, ce serait aussi une avanc\u00e9e consid\u00e9rable parce que l\u2019on passerait d\u2019un d\u00e9ploiement intensif de technologies num\u00e9riques dans les services r\u00e9galiens de l\u2019\u00c9tat, tels que les services financiers et s\u00e9curitaires, \u00e0 un \u00e9largissement de cette dynamique aux secteurs d\u00e9livrant des prestations aux citoyens3 .   <\/p><p>Il est heureux, \u00e0 un moment o\u00f9 la num\u00e9risation est devenue l\u2019un des axes majeurs du d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique et social du continent, que <i>Global Africa<\/i> convie des universitaires, des d\u00e9cideurs nationaux et internationaux, et des repr\u00e9sentants de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile \u00e0 un approfondissement multidisciplinaire de notre compr\u00e9hension des implications de cette transformation majeure du fonctionnement du syst\u00e8me \u00e9conomique de nos pays. Pour des pays mal pr\u00e9par\u00e9s aux plans intellectuel, infrastructurel et r\u00e9glementaire pour tirer parti des possibilit\u00e9s nouvelles qui r\u00e9sultent de la num\u00e9risation, appeler \u00e0 la r\u00e9flexion sur les valeurs que celle-ci va imposer, \u00e9tudier les dimensions internationales du commerce \u00e9lectronique, les conditions, proc\u00e9dures juridiques ou ressources pouvant lui permettre de prosp\u00e9rer, permet d\u2019en \u00e9valuer les effets possibles mais aussi de donner des outils aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques et aux entrepreneurs leur permettant de limiter les d\u00e9g\u00e2ts qu\u2019une telle \u00ab r\u00e9volution \u00bb pourrait causer aux fragiles \u00e9conomies et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s africaines.  <\/p><p>Pour le dire autrement, comment la pens\u00e9e africaine contribue-t-elle \u00e0 la discussion mondiale autour de l\u2019\u00e9conomie num\u00e9rique et plus largement de la transformation digitale en cours ? Pour d\u00e9nouer cette interrogation qui constitue le fil rouge de ce num\u00e9ro, nous avons pris le parti d\u2019approcher notre objet \u2013 \u00e0 la fois complexe et compliqu\u00e9 \u2013 \u00e0 partir de trois directions. Tout d\u2019abord, il s\u2019agissait de d\u00e9crypter les enjeux ontologiques, \u00e9pist\u00e9mologiques et axiologiques que pose cette transformation num\u00e9rique ainsi que les innovations technologiques qui la sous-tendent. Ensuite, nous souhaitions prendre la juste mesure des d\u00e9fis juridiques, institutionnels, de gouvernance et de r\u00e9gulation qui se posent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie num\u00e9rique en Afrique notamment dans un contexte de mise en \u0153uvre de la Zone de libre-\u00e9change \u00e9conomique africaine (ZLECAf), le plus grand march\u00e9 commun mondial en termes de pays participants. Enfin, nous \u00e9tions attentifs \u00e0 la mani\u00e8re dont les \u00e9conomies africaines re\u00e7oivent, s\u2019adaptent et innovent face \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9mergence face \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9mergence des technologies num\u00e9riques sur le continent.     <\/p><p>La th\u00e9matique sur les enjeux ontologiques, \u00e9thiques et \u00e9pist\u00e9mologiques li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie num\u00e9rique pose le d\u00e9bat sur le processus historique, les valeurs, les orientations id\u00e9ologiques, les risques sociaux et culturels de la \u00ab r\u00e9volution num\u00e9rique \u00bb. Et si cette r\u00e9volution d\u00e9j\u00e0 en marche sur le continent africain \u00e9tait porteuse de \u00ab ruptures \u00bb qui bouleverseraient \u00e0 un tel point l\u2019infrastructure de nos soci\u00e9t\u00e9s que les probl\u00e9matiques nouvelles qu\u2019elle introduirait ne pourraient m\u00eame pas \u00eatre d\u00e9chiffr\u00e9es par la culture ambiante, s\u2019interroge le philosophe Bado Ndoye dans \u00ab R\u00e9volution num\u00e9rique et \u00e9conomie de l\u2019attention : un nouvel \u00e2ge du capitalisme ? \u00bb Sans \u00eatre cat\u00e9gorique dans sa r\u00e9ponse, il dit voir se dessiner, dans ses grandes lignes \u00ab une \u00e9conomie nouvelle articul\u00e9e autour de la d\u00e9couverte d\u2019une raret\u00e9 nouvelle \u2013 l\u2019attention \u2013 [qui] est en train de reconfigurer nos modes de production, d\u2019\u00e9changes et de communication 4 \u00bb et qui pourrait constituer une nouvelle phase du capitalisme triomphant. Ce qui l\u2019inqui\u00e8te est que \u00ab l\u2019\u00e9conomie de l\u2019attention \u00bb d\u00e9borde souvent, dans son fonctionnement, le champ strictement \u00e9conomique et peut facilement \u00eatre politiquement instrumentalis\u00e9e par le capital et g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des strat\u00e9gies de manipulations pouvant \u00eatre \u00ab mises au service de logiques industrielles toujours plus innovantes et toujours plus efficaces5 \u00bb.     <\/p><p>L\u2019avertissement est donc clair : l\u2019\u00e9conomie num\u00e9rique peut aussi \u00eatre une ruse du capitalisme nouveau pour conqu\u00e9rir facilement de nouveaux march\u00e9s comme celui de la Zone de libre-\u00e9change \u00e9conomique africaine (ZLECAf). <\/p><p>Cette capture totale, \u00e0 en croire Assane Diankha6 , n\u2019est pas pour bient\u00f4t, \u00e0 cause notamment des cadres juridiques lacunaires, aussi bien dans les l\u00e9gislations nationales que r\u00e9gionales dans l\u2019encadrement de l\u2019\u00e9conomie num\u00e9rique, de la fragmentation des march\u00e9s li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique et \u00e0 la logistique, et \u00e0 la fracture num\u00e9rique sous toutes ses formes que les \u00c9tats africains connaissent. Si les disparit\u00e9s l\u00e9gislatives ne sont pas une surprise \u00e0 cause des syst\u00e8mes juridiques concurrentiels h\u00e9rit\u00e9s de la colonisation, en revanche les diff\u00e9rences dans la gouvernance des donn\u00e9es, qui est un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne post-colonial, peuvent inqui\u00e9ter, d\u2019autant que les \u00c9tats africains se sont dot\u00e9s d\u2019instruments juridiques r\u00e9gionaux pour harmoniser les l\u00e9gislations.  <\/p><p>Examinant de plus pr\u00e8s le protocole sur le commerce des services et celui sur le commerce \u00e9lectronique \u00ab qui jouent un r\u00f4le central dans la facilitation des \u00e9changes et de l\u2019int\u00e9gration num\u00e9rique \u00bb au niveau continental, Assane Diankha conclut que les objectifs de la ZLECAf ne pourraient \u00eatre atteints que si les \u00c9tats renforcent les comp\u00e9tences dans le domaine du num\u00e9rique, investissent de mani\u00e8re cons\u00e9quente dans les infrastructures et accordent une attention particuli\u00e8re \u00e0 l\u2019innovation dans le domaine de la technologie. <\/p><p>Nombre de ces pr\u00e9occupations sont reprises par Minata Sarr qui s\u2019int\u00e9resse aux normes, institutions, m\u00e9canismes et instruments juridiques mis en place aux niveaux \u00e9tatique, des Communaut\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques r\u00e9gionales et de l\u2019Union africaine en vue d\u2019assurer la gouvernance et la r\u00e9gulation de l\u2019\u00e9conomie num\u00e9rique. Alors qu\u2019elle souligne que l\u2019int\u00e9gration juridique est \u00ab une condition sine qua non du d\u00e9veloppement du num\u00e9rique7 \u00bb en ce sens qu\u2019elle peut renforcer la confiance entre les acteurs et s\u00e9curiser leurs relations et interactions, elle identifie un certain nombre de contraintes urgentes \u00e0 lever. Pour la juriste, une int\u00e9gration juridique r\u00e9ussie gr\u00e2ce notamment \u00e0 une conception soft du droit, ouvrirait la voie \u00e0 une coop\u00e9ration inclusive, multi-acteurs, multi-niveaux qui permettrait de g\u00e9rer les d\u00e9fis que pose l\u2019\u00e9conomie num\u00e9rique dans le sens des int\u00e9r\u00eats du citoyen africain et de la r\u00e9guler \u00ab de la mani\u00e8re la plus adapt\u00e9e au d\u00e9veloppement social, culturel et \u00e9conomique durable8 \u00bb.   <\/p><p>D\u2019un point de vue purement pratique, une des id\u00e9es fortes v\u00e9hicul\u00e9es par les adeptes de l\u2019\u00e9conomie num\u00e9rique est qu\u2019elle serait pour les pouvoirs publics un excellent moyen d\u2019accro\u00eetre les recettes fiscales. L\u2019\u00e9valuation de l\u2019impact des r\u00e9formes de l\u2019administration fiscale sur le secteur informel et les emplois informels dans une quarantaine de pays d\u2019Afrique sub-saharienne conduite par trois universitaires camerounais, Franky Brice Kogueda Afia, William Nkoawo Fedoung et Arnold Dilane Moumou Tchinda9 permet de relativiser cette affirmation. Apr\u00e8s avoir d\u00e9fini l\u2019\u00e9conomie souterraine, ou informelle, comme toutes activit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques cach\u00e9es aux autorit\u00e9s officielles pour des raisons mon\u00e9taires, r\u00e9glementaires et institutionnelles (Medina &amp; Schneider, 2021), ils rappelent que le secteur informel est une composante essentielle de la plupart des \u00e9conomies de l\u2019ASS, car sa contribution au PIB s\u2019\u00e9chelonne entre 25 % et 65 % et il repr\u00e9sente 30 % \u00e0 90 % de l\u2019emploi non agricole (Nose &amp; Viseth, 2020 ; Traub-Merz et al., 2022). La num\u00e9risation fiscale est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e comme une aubaine tant pour les entreprises que pour les institutions fiscales, car elle permet la r\u00e9duction des co\u00fbts de transactions associ\u00e9s aux activit\u00e9s de d\u00e9claration fiscale, et au processus de collecte d\u2019imp\u00f4ts par les administrations fiscales (Banque mondiale, 2021). Leur \u00e9tude porte ainsi sur l\u2019influence de la num\u00e9risation des proc\u00e9dures fiscales. A partir de l\u2019\u00e9valuation de l\u2019impact de trois (3) grandes reformes de l\u2019administration fiscale, \u00e0 savoir i) la num\u00e9risation des proc\u00e9dures, ii) la mise en place d\u2019une unit\u00e9 sur les entreprises du secteur informel et iii) le syst\u00e8me de paiement des imp\u00f4ts par le t\u00e9l\u00e9phone portable, sur le secteur informel et les emplois informels au sein de 40 \u00e9conomies d\u2019Afrique subsaharienne, Afia, Fedoung et Tchinda arrivent \u00e0 deux r\u00e9sultats contre-intuitifs : 1. la num\u00e9risation et la r\u00e9forme fiscale du secteur informel r\u00e9duit la part du secteur informel dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie mais 2. augmente la part des emplois informels dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie). En effet, la d\u00e9mat\u00e9rialisation des proc\u00e9dures fiscales entra\u00eene une diminution moyenne de 9 % de la participation du secteur informel ans le revenu de l\u2019\u00e9conomie. Mais la num\u00e9risation des proc\u00e9dures fiscales permet aux entreprises du secteur informel de plus facilement respecter leurs obligations fiscales \u00e0 moindre co\u00fbt.             <\/p><p>Les auteurs recommandent donc une l\u2019intensification et la g\u00e9n\u00e9ralisation des r\u00e9formes fiscales, au regard de leurs potentiels b\u00e9n\u00e9fiques pour la mitigation du secteur informel. Le le processus de \u00ab fiscalisation \u00bb du secteur informel doit cependant rester prudent et prendre en compte les sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9s du secteur ainsi que le dialogue entre autorit\u00e9s et acteurs.  <\/p><p>Quant \u00e0 la t\u00e9l\u00e9phonie mobile, elle est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme un levier important pour le d\u00e9veloppement des activit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques dans un contexte o\u00f9 l\u2019informel est une composante essentielle de l\u2019\u00e9conomie de la r\u00e9gion. Elle permettrait, non seulement au petit exploitant rural d\u2019acc\u00e9der \u00e0 une information qui renforcerait son pouvoir de n\u00e9gociation, mais accro\u00eetrait aussi ses revenus. L\u2019\u00e9tude r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par Abdul-Aziz Demb\u00e9l\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s des exploitants dans les r\u00e9gions rizicoles de Gagnoa et de Yamoussoukro en C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire10 relativise fortement cette \u00ab th\u00e9orie \u00bb avanc\u00e9e par des institutions internationales tr\u00e8s respect\u00e9es comme la Banque mondiale et la l&rsquo;Organisation des Nations unies pour l\u2019alimentation et l\u2019agriculture (FAO). Son analyse, qui repose sur les donn\u00e9es mixtes d\u2019une enqu\u00eate de terrain, d\u00e9montre que la d\u00e9tention du t\u00e9l\u00e9phone mobile n\u2019a pas renforc\u00e9 le pouvoir de n\u00e9gociation et la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019arbitrage de ces riziculteurs. Dans un contexte politique qui promeut fortement le recours aux technologies dans les secteurs agricoles et agroalimentaires de son pays, il propose aux d\u00e9cideurs de plut\u00f4t promouvoir une r\u00e9flexion approfondie, avec les acteurs locaux, qui serait plus attentive aux structures et formes d\u2019organisations de la production et des \u00e9changes.     <\/p><p>L\u2019article de Moumouni et Adam11 s\u2019int\u00e9resse aux entreprises et aux entrepreneurs du num\u00e9rique dans la ville de Parakou, au B\u00e9nin. Tirant profit de la volont\u00e9 gouvernementale de transformer l\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me num\u00e9rique du pays, dont l\u2019un des r\u00e9sultats est la mise en \u0153uvre d\u2019un processus de d\u00e9mat\u00e9rialisation des services publics, une nouvelle cat\u00e9gorie d\u2019entrepreneurs num\u00e9riques est apparue : les prestataires de e-services (services digitaux, services financiers mobiles et de commerce \u00e9lectronique). Ces microentreprises en forte croissance \u00e9voluent majoritairement entre le formel et l\u2019informel, mais soutiennent les auteurs, \u00ab contribuent indubitablement au d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019\u00e9conomie locale \u00bb. Une bonne partie de ces entreprises \u00e9chappent encore au contr\u00f4le de l\u2019\u00c9tat. Elles fonctionnent souvent sans enregistrement officiel, \u00e9chappant ainsi \u00e0 la r\u00e9glementation et \u00e0 la fiscalit\u00e9 en d\u00e9pit de leur importance dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie informelle. En revanche, elles font montre de qualit\u00e9s rares dans l\u2019administration publique (diligence, efficacit\u00e9, accueil et accompagnement de clients sans comp\u00e9tence num\u00e9rique), qui pourraient expliquer leur succ\u00e8s m\u00eame si leurs services sont plus co\u00fbteux.      <\/p><p><i>Quelles sont les orientations et les strat\u00e9gies actuelles des organisations africaines ?<\/i> Pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 cette question essentielle les coordonnateurs scientifiques ont choisi d\u2019inclure dans le pr\u00e9sent num\u00e9ro, sous forme d\u2019interviews, les points de vue de l\u2019Union africaine, ma\u00eetresse d\u2019\u0153uvre de tout le processus d\u2019\u00e9laboration de politiques communes et des instruments juridiques que les \u00c9tats africains sont cens\u00e9s adopter et mettre en \u0153uvre et de la Commission \u00e9conomique des Nations unies pour l\u2019Afrique (CEA) qui accompagne l\u2019Union africaine et les gouvernements africains dans ce processus de d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019\u00e9conomie num\u00e9rique en Afrique. <\/p><p>La Conseill\u00e8re juridique de l\u2019Union africaine, professeure Hajer Gueldich, reprend \u00e0 son compte la presque totalit\u00e9 des critiques formul\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019encontre du processus actuel principalement contr\u00f4l\u00e9 par les \u00c9tats membres. Elle note, par exemple, le fait que les \u00c9tats aient ratifi\u00e9 la ZLECAf et refus\u00e9 d\u2019adh\u00e9rer au Protocole sur la libre circulation des personnes et des biens, le manque criard d\u2019infrastructures et de capacit\u00e9s pour mettre en \u0153uvre ce qu\u2019elle appelle \u00ab une vision ambitieuse \u00bb de transformation \u00e9conomique du continent, la fracture num\u00e9rique entre \u00c9tats, l\u2019importance d\u2019aligner le commerce num\u00e9rique sur les objectifs d\u2019int\u00e9gration afin de r\u00e9duire les possibilit\u00e9s de capture de la strat\u00e9gie, le manque de ressources, la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de promouvoir la collaboration et le partage de connaissances entre \u00c9tats et surtout les incoh\u00e9rences dans la r\u00e9glementation du commerce num\u00e9rique.  <\/p><p>Pour Mactar Seck, chef de section de l\u2019innovation et de la technologie de la CEA, le partenaire principal de l\u2019Union africaine dans ce processus, la souverainet\u00e9 num\u00e9rique tant chant\u00e9e par les dirigeants africains sera illusoire tant que l\u2019Afrique continuera \u00e0 \u00eatre un nain dans le domaine des technologies et de la recherche scientifique. Son institution est tellement conscient de ce foss\u00e9 qu\u2019il travaille durement pour lever les obstacles dirimants que sont les d\u00e9fis de la connectivit\u00e9, de l\u2019harmonisation des politiques aux \u00e9chelles r\u00e9gionales et continentales, la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des r\u00e9seaux, la formation et l\u2019innovation et la protection des donn\u00e9es. La cr\u00e9ation d\u2019une alliance des universit\u00e9s, l\u2019\u00e9tablissement du Centre africain de recherche sur l\u2019intelligence artificielle et le Steam Center sont justement certaines des r\u00e9ponses que la CEA apporte pour relever les d\u00e9fis identifi\u00e9s. La CEA concentre \u00e9galement ses efforts ses efforts sur les questions de taxation num\u00e9rique, la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019emplois pour les jeunes et la facilitation de l\u2019acc\u00e8s des entreprises priv\u00e9es africaines aux march\u00e9s du continent pour aider l\u2019Afrique \u00e0 jouer un r\u00f4le clef dans le monde de demain.    <\/p><p>Comme on le constate, le d\u00e9bat ne vient que de commencer et nos d\u00e9cideurs gagneraient \u00e0 travailler plus \u00e9troitement avec les universitaires pour cr\u00e9er les conditions d\u2019une r\u00e9ussite de cette \u00ab r\u00e9volution \u00bb radicale. Ce num\u00e9ro est donc le premier d\u2019une s\u00e9rie que nous esp\u00e9rons longue et f\u00e9conde sur la probl\u00e9matique du num\u00e9rique, qui va s\u00fbrement aider \u00e0 faire advenir le changement syst\u00e9mique, devenu le leitmotiv de plusieurs dirigeants africains. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d9184d e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2d9184d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7fd8c3 ignoretoc elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a7fd8c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">L'auteur(s)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38b0172 ignoretoc elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-link-in-bio\" data-id=\"38b0172\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"link-in-bio.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio e-link-in-bio\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image e-link-in-bio__identity-image-profile has-style-circle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Ibrahima-kane-225x300.png\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image-element\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Ibrahima-kane-225x300.png 225w, https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Ibrahima-kane.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bio\">\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"e-link-in-bio__heading\">Ibrahima Kane<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"e-link-in-bio__title\">Juriste, sp\u00e9cialiste en droits humains<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icons has-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon is-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a aria-label=\"Email\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-link\" href=\"mailto:psykane@yahoo.fr?subject=Contact%20from%20GA%20Bio\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-svg\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__ctas has-type-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/authors\/ibrahima%20kane\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener \" class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta is-type-button has-corners-rounded\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tVoir le profil complet\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03833cf ignoretoc elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-link-in-bio\" data-id=\"03833cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"link-in-bio.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio e-link-in-bio\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image e-link-in-bio__identity-image-profile has-style-circle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Mame-Penda-Ba-Global-Africa-225x300.jpg\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image-element\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Mame-Penda-Ba-Global-Africa-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Mame-Penda-Ba-Global-Africa.jpg 668w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bio\">\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"e-link-in-bio__heading\">Mame Penda Ba<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"e-link-in-bio__title\">Professeure de sciences politiques,<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"e-link-in-bio__description\">University of Gaston Berger in S\u00e9n\u00e9gal<\/p>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icons has-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon is-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a aria-label=\"Email\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-link\" href=\"mailto:mame-penda.ba@ugb.edu.sn?subject=Contact%20from%20GA%20Bio\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-svg\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__ctas has-type-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/author\/mame-penda-ba\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener \" class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta is-type-button has-corners-rounded\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tVoir le profil complet\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b6c1d2 ignoretoc elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-link-in-bio\" data-id=\"9b6c1d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"link-in-bio.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio e-link-in-bio\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image e-link-in-bio__identity-image-profile has-style-circle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Minata-Sarr--225x300.png\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image-element\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Minata-Sarr--225x300.png 225w, https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Minata-Sarr-.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bio\">\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"e-link-in-bio__heading\">Minata Sarr<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"e-link-in-bio__title\">Enseignante, chercheure<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"e-link-in-bio__description\">Universit\u00e9 num\u00e9rique Cheikh Hamidou Kane<\/p>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icons has-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon is-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a aria-label=\"Email\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-link\" href=\"mailto:minata.sarr@unchk.edu.sn?subject=Contact%20from%20GA%20Bio\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-svg\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__ctas has-type-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/authors\/minata%20sarr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener \" class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta is-type-button has-corners-rounded\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tVoir le profil complet\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d282f6 ignoretoc elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-link-in-bio\" data-id=\"7d282f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"link-in-bio.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio e-link-in-bio\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image e-link-in-bio__identity-image-profile has-style-circle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Boubacar-Diallo--225x300.png\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image-element\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Boubacar-Diallo--225x300.png 225w, https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Boubacar-Diallo-.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bio\">\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"e-link-in-bio__heading\">Boubacar Diallo<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"e-link-in-bio__title\">Expert en droit du num\u00e9rique<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"e-link-in-bio__description\">Carapaces \u2013 Strat\u00e9gies &amp; Conformit\u00e9s<\/p>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icons has-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon is-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a aria-label=\"Email\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-link\" href=\"mailto:bdiallo@carapaces.net?subject=Contact%20from%20GA%20Bio\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-svg\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__ctas has-type-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/authors\/boubacar-diallo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener \" class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta is-type-button has-corners-rounded\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tVoir le profil complet\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca44f9b ignoretoc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ca44f9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c9galement dans ce num\u00e9ro<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08ab0bf elementor-grid-1 elementor-grid-tablet-1 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-posts--thumbnail-top elementor-posts--show-avatar elementor-card-shadow-yes elementor-posts__hover-gradient elementor-widget elementor-widget-posts\" data-id=\"08ab0bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_columns&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_row_gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:27,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_columns_tablet&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_columns_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_row_gap_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_row_gap_tablet_extra&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_row_gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_row_gap_mobile_extra&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_row_gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"posts.posts_cards_pp_authors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-posts-container elementor-posts elementor-posts--skin-posts_cards_pp_authors elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-15271 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-revue author-global-africa\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/numero-10-global-africa-savoirs-protecteurs-savoir-proteger\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"1200\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Issue-10-\u2013-Global-AfricaProtective-Knowledges-The-Wisdom-to-Protect-.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-15268\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t        <div class=\"elementor-post__avatar\">\n            <img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/>        <\/div>\n        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/numero-10-global-africa-savoirs-protecteurs-savoir-proteger\/\" target=&quot;_blank&quot;>\n\t\t\t\tNum\u00e9ro 10 \u2013 Global Africa\u00ab Savoirs protecteurs, savoir prot\u00e9ger \u00bb\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/numero-10-global-africa-savoirs-protecteurs-savoir-proteger\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur Num\u00e9ro 10 \u2013 Global Africa\u00ab Savoirs protecteurs, savoir prot\u00e9ger \u00bb\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\tRead More \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t        <span class=\"elementor-post-author\">\n\t\t\tGlobal Africa\t\t<\/span>\n        \t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-15509 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-analyses-critiques author-karine-collette-fr author-ibrahima-ba-fr\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/terre-mere-trace-discursive-dune-emancipation-ecologique-au-nord-et-au-sud\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"527\" height=\"752\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Capture-decran-2025-06-27-a-19.19.41.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-14990\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Capture-decran-2025-06-27-a-19.19.41.png 527w, https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Capture-decran-2025-06-27-a-19.19.41-210x300.png 210w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 527px) 100vw, 527px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t        <div class=\"elementor-post__avatar\">\n            <img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/><img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/>        <\/div>\n        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/terre-mere-trace-discursive-dune-emancipation-ecologique-au-nord-et-au-sud\/\" target=&quot;_blank&quot;>\n\t\t\t\tTerre-M\u00e8re : trace discursive d\u2019une \u00e9mancipation \u00e9cologique au Nord et au Sud ?\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/terre-mere-trace-discursive-dune-emancipation-ecologique-au-nord-et-au-sud\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur Terre-M\u00e8re : trace discursive d\u2019une \u00e9mancipation \u00e9cologique au Nord et au Sud ?\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\tRead More \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t        <span class=\"elementor-post-author\">\n\t\t\tKarine Collette, Ibrahima Ba\t\t<\/span>\n        \t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-15517 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-champ author-cheikh-sadibou-sakho-fr author-masengesho-kamuzinzi-fr\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/we-heal-together-un-savoir-protecteur-par-excellence-qui-sinspire-de-lheritage-africain-ou-les-responsabilites-envers-soi-et-envers-autrui-sont-indissociables\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"527\" height=\"752\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Capture-decran-2025-06-27-a-19.18.04.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-14982\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t        <div class=\"elementor-post__avatar\">\n            <img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Cheikh-Sadibou-Sakho-.webp' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Cheikh-Sadibou-Sakho-.webp' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/><img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/>        <\/div>\n        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/we-heal-together-un-savoir-protecteur-par-excellence-qui-sinspire-de-lheritage-africain-ou-les-responsabilites-envers-soi-et-envers-autrui-sont-indissociables\/\" target=&quot;_blank&quot;>\n\t\t\t\t\u00ab We Heal Together \u00bb, un savoir protecteur par excellence qui s\u2019inspire de l\u2019h\u00e9ritage africain, o\u00f9 les responsabilit\u00e9s envers soi et envers autrui sont indissociables\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/we-heal-together-un-savoir-protecteur-par-excellence-qui-sinspire-de-lheritage-africain-ou-les-responsabilites-envers-soi-et-envers-autrui-sont-indissociables\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur \u00ab We Heal Together \u00bb, un savoir protecteur par excellence qui s\u2019inspire de l\u2019h\u00e9ritage africain, o\u00f9 les responsabilit\u00e9s envers soi et envers autrui sont indissociables\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\tRead More \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t        <span class=\"elementor-post-author\">\n\t\t\tCheikh Sadibou Sakho, Masengesho Kamuzinzi\t\t<\/span>\n        \t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-15523 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-analyses-critiques author-cheikh-sadibou-sakho-fr author-ndeye-laity-ndiaye-fr\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/it-takes-a-village-reinventer-la-mise-a-labri-des-survivantes-de-violences-sexuelles-au-senegalpistes-a-partir-de-lexperience-du-centre-kullimaaroo-de-ziguinchor\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"527\" height=\"752\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Capture-decran-2025-06-27-a-19.17.22.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-14992\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t        <div class=\"elementor-post__avatar\">\n            <img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Cheikh-Sadibou-Sakho-.webp' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Cheikh-Sadibou-Sakho-.webp' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/><img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/>        <\/div>\n        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/it-takes-a-village-reinventer-la-mise-a-labri-des-survivantes-de-violences-sexuelles-au-senegalpistes-a-partir-de-lexperience-du-centre-kullimaaroo-de-ziguinchor\/\" target=&quot;_blank&quot;>\n\t\t\t\tIt Takes a Village! (R\u00e9)inventer la mise \u00e0 l\u2019abri des survivantes de violences sexuelles au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal<br>Pistes \u00e0 partir de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience du centre Kullimaaroo de Ziguinchor\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/it-takes-a-village-reinventer-la-mise-a-labri-des-survivantes-de-violences-sexuelles-au-senegalpistes-a-partir-de-lexperience-du-centre-kullimaaroo-de-ziguinchor\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur It Takes a Village! (R\u00e9)inventer la mise \u00e0 l\u2019abri des survivantes de violences sexuelles au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal&lt;br&gt;Pistes \u00e0 partir de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience du centre Kullimaaroo de Ziguinchor\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\tRead More \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t        <span class=\"elementor-post-author\">\n\t\t\tCheikh Sadibou Sakho, Nd\u00e8ye La\u00efty Ndiaye\t\t<\/span>\n        \t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e590199 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e590199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3dd1381 elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-adv-tabs\" data-id=\"3dd1381\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-adv-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t        <div data-scroll-on-click=\"no\" data-scroll-speed=\"300\" id=\"eael-advance-tabs-3dd1381\" class=\"eael-advance-tabs eael-tabs-horizontal eael-tab-auto-active  responsive-vertical-layout\" data-tabid=\"3dd1381\">\n            <div class=\"eael-tabs-nav \">\n                <ul class=\"eael-tab-inline-icon\" role=\"tablist\">\n                                            <li id=\"pour-citer-larticle-\" class=\"active-default eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"pour-citer-larticle--tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <i class=\"fas fa-quote-left\"><\/i>                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Pour citer l&rsquo;article :<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"notes\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"notes-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <i class=\"fas fa-notes-medical\"><\/i>                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Notes<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"bibliographie\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"bibliographie-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <i class=\"fas fa-book\"><\/i>                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Bibliographie<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                    \n                                  <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"eael-tabs-content\">\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"pour-citer-larticle--tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item active-default\" data-title-link=\"pour-citer-larticle--tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <h5>APA<\/h5>\n<p>ane, I., Ba, M.-P., Sarr, M. &amp; Diallo, B. (2024). \u00c9conomie num\u00e9rique en Afrique. Global Africa, (8), pp. 38-42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57832\/s4dn-g887<\/p>\n<h5>MLA<\/h5>\n<p>Kane, I., Ba, M.-P., Sarr, M. &amp; Diallo, B. \u00ab\u00a0\u00c9conomie num\u00e9rique en Afrique\u00a0\u00bb. Global Africa, no. 8, 2024, p. 38-42. doi.org\/10.57832\/s4dn-g887<\/p>\n<h5>DOI<\/h5>\n<p>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57832\/a8ve-x688<\/p>\n<p>\u00a9 2024 by author(s). This work is openly licensed via CC BY-NC 4.0 <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"notes-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"notes-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <p>[1] Voir le Consid\u00e9rant 6 du Protocole : https:\/\/au-afcfta.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/FR-Protocol-on-Digital-Trade-clean.pdf<\/p>\n<p>2] Voir Groupe de la Banque mondiale &amp; Organisation mondiale du commerce. (2023). (2023). Faire du commerce num\u00e9rique un catalyseur du d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019Afrique. Note de d\u2019orientation conjointe du groupe de la Banque mondiale et de l\u2019OMC, p. 3. https:\/\/www.wto.org\/french\/thewto_f\/minist_f\/mc13_f\/policy_note_digital_trade_africa_f.pdf  https:\/\/www.wto.org\/english\/thewto_e\/minist_e\/mc13_e\/policy_note_digital_trade_africa_e.pdf<\/p>\n<p>[3] Voir sur ces transformations possibles, Sambou, A. M. (2024). La digitalisation des services publics au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal : trajectoires et craintes, Revue internationale de Droit et de Science politique, 4(9), pp. 599-621. https:\/\/ceracle.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Papier_La-digitalisation-des-services-publics-au-Senegal.pdf  https:\/\/ceracle.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Papier_La-digitalisation-des-services-publics-au-Senegal.pdf<\/p>\n<p>[4] Ndoye, B. (2024). R\u00e9volution num\u00e9rique et \u00e9conomie de l\u2019attention : un nouvel \u00e2ge du capitalisme ? Global Africa, (8). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57832\/d1s0-bg16   https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57832\/rv7k-ah22<\/p>\n<p>[5] Ndoye, B. (2024). R\u00e9volution num\u00e9rique et \u00e9conomie de l\u2019attention : un nouvel \u00e2ge du capitalisme ? Global Africa, (8). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57832\/d1s0-bg16   https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57832\/rv7k-ah22<\/p>\n<p>[6] Diankha, A. (2024). Commerce num\u00e9rique et ZLECAf : le cadre juridique \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9preuve du march\u00e9 num\u00e9rique continental. Global Africa, (8). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57832\/3jtj-wt73   https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57832\/5d83-3p68<\/p>\n<p>[7] Sarr, M. (2024). \u00c9conomie num\u00e9rique en Afrique : enjeux juridiques, moyens de contrainte et coop\u00e9ration. Global Africa, (8). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57832\/dejp-m165   https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57832\/94hz-6n90<\/p>\n<p>[8] Sarr, M. (2024). \u00c9conomie num\u00e9rique en Afrique : enjeux juridiques, moyens de contrainte et coop\u00e9ration. Global Africa, (8). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57832\/dejp-m165   https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57832\/94hz-6n90<\/p>\n<p>[9] Kogueda Afia, F. B., Nkoawo Fedoung, W., &amp; Momou Tchinda, A. D. (2024). The Impact of Tax Digitization on the Informal Sector: A Closer Look at Sub-Saharan Africa. Global Africa, (8).   https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57832\/cyfb-yw59<\/p>\n<p>10] Demb\u00e9l\u00e9, A.-A. (2024). La t\u00e9l\u00e9phonie mobile permet-elle aux petits exploitants d\u2019obtenir de meilleurs prix de march\u00e9 ? Le cas des riziculteurs des d\u00e9partements de Gagnoa et de Yamoussoukro en C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire. Global Africa, (8). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57832\/gytg-wz50<\/p>\n<p>[11] Abdou Moumouni, I., &amp; Adam, M. (2024). \u00c9mergence de nouvelles formes d\u2019\u00e9conomie informelle au B\u00e9nin : une analyse des microentreprises num\u00e9riques. Global Africa, (8). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57832\/837w-9308   https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57832\/ytqz-f895<\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"bibliographie-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"bibliographie-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t                            <\/div>\n\t\t                    <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5aff930 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5aff930\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc34b86 elementor-widget elementor-widget-off-canvas\" data-id=\"fc34b86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"off-canvas.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"off-canvas-fc34b86\" class=\"e-off-canvas\" role=\"dialog\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Off-Canvas\" aria-modal=\"true\" inert=\"\" data-delay-child-handlers=\"true\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-off-canvas__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-off-canvas__main\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-off-canvas__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c44bf9 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6c44bf9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7016ebd elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"7016ebd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable des mati\u00e8res\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__7016ebd\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Ouvrir la table des mati\u00e8res\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__7016ebd\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Fermer la table des mati\u00e8res\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-up\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__7016ebd\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<i 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Abstract R\u00e9sum\u00e9 Muhtasari \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 Introduction En f\u00e9vrier 2024, les Chefs d\u2019\u00c9tat et de gouvernement de l\u2019Union africaine ont adopt\u00e9 le Protocole d\u2019accord portant cr\u00e9ation d\u2019une zone de libre-\u00e9change continentale africaine sur le commerce num\u00e9rique dont l\u2019ambition est \u00ab d\u2019exploiter les technologies num\u00e9riques et l\u2019innovation pour stimuler le commerce et l\u2019investissement intra-africains, approfondir l\u2019int\u00e9gration \u00e9conomique de l\u2019Afrique, transformer les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s et les \u00e9conomies africaines, g\u00e9n\u00e9rer une croissance \u00e9conomique durable et inclusive, stimuler la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019emplois, r\u00e9duire les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s et \u00e9radiquer la pauvret\u00e9 en vue de la r\u00e9alisation du d\u00e9veloppement socio-\u00e9conomique du continent1 \u00bb. Les annexes suivantes pourraient faire l\u2019objet d\u2019examen et d\u2019adoption en 2025 : celles relatives aux r\u00e8gles d\u2019origine, aux identit\u00e9s num\u00e9riques, aux paiements num\u00e9riques transfrontaliers, aux transferts transfrontaliers des donn\u00e9es, aux Codes source, celles relatives \u00e0 la s\u00fbret\u00e9 et \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en ligne ; aux technologies \u00e9mergentes et avanc\u00e9es ainsi qu&rsquo;aux technologies financi\u00e8res. Pour un continent qui ne repr\u00e9sentait en 2022 que 0.9 % des exportations mondiales de services fournis par voie num\u00e9rique2 , un tel instrument juridique pourrait permettre aux \u00c9tats africains de tirer un meilleur parti de la num\u00e9risation des activit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques pour stimuler le commerce intra-africain des marchandises et faire circuler sans restriction les biens et services entre \u00c9tats africains. Il est vrai que la transformation num\u00e9rique des transactions et des activit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques pourrait ouvrir en Afrique de nouvelles perspectives dans l\u2019entreprenariat, la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019emplois, la cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9 et l\u2019innovation. D\u2019un point de vue d\u00e9mocratique, ce serait aussi une avanc\u00e9e consid\u00e9rable parce que l\u2019on passerait d\u2019un d\u00e9ploiement intensif de technologies num\u00e9riques dans les services r\u00e9galiens de l\u2019\u00c9tat, tels que les services financiers et s\u00e9curitaires, \u00e0 un \u00e9largissement de cette dynamique aux secteurs d\u00e9livrant des prestations aux citoyens3 . Il est heureux, \u00e0 un moment o\u00f9 la num\u00e9risation est devenue l\u2019un des axes majeurs du d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique et social du continent, que Global Africa convie des universitaires, des d\u00e9cideurs nationaux et internationaux, et des repr\u00e9sentants de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile \u00e0 un approfondissement multidisciplinaire de notre compr\u00e9hension des implications de cette transformation majeure du fonctionnement du syst\u00e8me \u00e9conomique de nos pays. Pour des pays mal pr\u00e9par\u00e9s aux plans intellectuel, infrastructurel et r\u00e9glementaire pour tirer parti des possibilit\u00e9s nouvelles qui r\u00e9sultent de la num\u00e9risation, appeler \u00e0 la r\u00e9flexion sur les valeurs que celle-ci va imposer, \u00e9tudier les dimensions internationales du commerce \u00e9lectronique, les conditions, proc\u00e9dures juridiques ou ressources pouvant lui permettre de prosp\u00e9rer, permet d\u2019en \u00e9valuer les effets possibles mais aussi de donner des outils aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques et aux entrepreneurs leur permettant de limiter les d\u00e9g\u00e2ts qu\u2019une telle \u00ab r\u00e9volution \u00bb pourrait causer aux fragiles \u00e9conomies et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s africaines. Pour le dire autrement, comment la pens\u00e9e africaine contribue-t-elle \u00e0 la discussion mondiale autour de l\u2019\u00e9conomie num\u00e9rique et plus largement de la transformation digitale en cours ? Pour d\u00e9nouer cette interrogation qui constitue le fil rouge de ce num\u00e9ro, nous avons pris le parti d\u2019approcher notre objet \u2013 \u00e0 la fois complexe et compliqu\u00e9 \u2013 \u00e0 partir de trois directions. Tout d\u2019abord, il s\u2019agissait de d\u00e9crypter les enjeux ontologiques, \u00e9pist\u00e9mologiques et axiologiques que pose cette transformation num\u00e9rique ainsi que les innovations technologiques qui la sous-tendent. Ensuite, nous souhaitions prendre la juste mesure des d\u00e9fis juridiques, institutionnels, de gouvernance et de r\u00e9gulation qui se posent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie num\u00e9rique en Afrique notamment dans un contexte de mise en \u0153uvre de la Zone de libre-\u00e9change \u00e9conomique africaine (ZLECAf), le plus grand march\u00e9 commun mondial en termes de pays participants. Enfin, nous \u00e9tions attentifs \u00e0 la mani\u00e8re dont les \u00e9conomies africaines re\u00e7oivent, s\u2019adaptent et innovent face \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9mergence face \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9mergence des technologies num\u00e9riques sur le continent. La th\u00e9matique sur les enjeux ontologiques, \u00e9thiques et \u00e9pist\u00e9mologiques li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie num\u00e9rique pose le d\u00e9bat sur le processus historique, les valeurs, les orientations id\u00e9ologiques, les risques sociaux et culturels de la \u00ab r\u00e9volution num\u00e9rique \u00bb. Et si cette r\u00e9volution d\u00e9j\u00e0 en marche sur le continent africain \u00e9tait porteuse de \u00ab ruptures \u00bb qui bouleverseraient \u00e0 un tel point l\u2019infrastructure de nos soci\u00e9t\u00e9s que les probl\u00e9matiques nouvelles qu\u2019elle introduirait ne pourraient m\u00eame pas \u00eatre d\u00e9chiffr\u00e9es par la culture ambiante, s\u2019interroge le philosophe Bado Ndoye dans \u00ab R\u00e9volution num\u00e9rique et \u00e9conomie de l\u2019attention : un nouvel \u00e2ge du capitalisme ? \u00bb Sans \u00eatre cat\u00e9gorique dans sa r\u00e9ponse, il dit voir se dessiner, dans ses grandes lignes \u00ab une \u00e9conomie nouvelle articul\u00e9e autour de la d\u00e9couverte d\u2019une raret\u00e9 nouvelle \u2013 l\u2019attention \u2013 [qui] est en train de reconfigurer nos modes de production, d\u2019\u00e9changes et de communication 4 \u00bb et qui pourrait constituer une nouvelle phase du capitalisme triomphant. Ce qui l\u2019inqui\u00e8te est que \u00ab l\u2019\u00e9conomie de l\u2019attention \u00bb d\u00e9borde souvent, dans son fonctionnement, le champ strictement \u00e9conomique et peut facilement \u00eatre politiquement instrumentalis\u00e9e par le capital et g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des strat\u00e9gies de manipulations pouvant \u00eatre \u00ab mises au service de logiques industrielles toujours plus innovantes et toujours plus efficaces5 \u00bb. L\u2019avertissement est donc clair : l\u2019\u00e9conomie num\u00e9rique peut aussi \u00eatre une ruse du capitalisme nouveau pour conqu\u00e9rir facilement de nouveaux march\u00e9s comme celui de la Zone de libre-\u00e9change \u00e9conomique africaine (ZLECAf). Cette capture totale, \u00e0 en croire Assane Diankha6 , n\u2019est pas pour bient\u00f4t, \u00e0 cause notamment des cadres juridiques lacunaires, aussi bien dans les l\u00e9gislations nationales que r\u00e9gionales dans l\u2019encadrement de l\u2019\u00e9conomie num\u00e9rique, de la fragmentation des march\u00e9s li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019infrastructure num\u00e9rique et \u00e0 la logistique, et \u00e0 la fracture num\u00e9rique sous toutes ses formes que les \u00c9tats africains connaissent. Si les disparit\u00e9s l\u00e9gislatives ne sont pas une surprise \u00e0 cause des syst\u00e8mes juridiques concurrentiels h\u00e9rit\u00e9s de la colonisation, en revanche les diff\u00e9rences dans la gouvernance des donn\u00e9es, qui est un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne post-colonial, peuvent inqui\u00e9ter, d\u2019autant que les \u00c9tats africains se sont dot\u00e9s d\u2019instruments juridiques r\u00e9gionaux pour harmoniser les l\u00e9gislations. Examinant de plus pr\u00e8s le protocole sur le commerce des services et celui sur le commerce \u00e9lectronique \u00ab qui jouent un r\u00f4le central dans la facilitation<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":124,"featured_media":9629,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[209],"tags":[],"issues3":[],"post_folder":[],"ppma_author":[441,422,438,440],"class_list":["post-10672","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-introduction-fr","author-ibrahima-kane-fr","author-mame-penda-ba-fr","author-minata-sarr-fr","author-boubacar-diallo-fr"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u00c9conomie num\u00e9rique en Afrique | Global Africa<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"D\u00e9couvrez les enjeux et 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Kane\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.globalafricasciences.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/03\\\/Ibrahima-kane.webp847de6f69dd448a24b8937e511d075b1\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.globalafricasciences.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/03\\\/Ibrahima-kane.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.globalafricasciences.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/03\\\/Ibrahima-kane.webp\",\"caption\":\"Ibrahima Kane\"},\"description\":\"Ibrahima Kane is a Special Advisor to the Executive Director of the Open Society Foundation-Africa, responsible for advocacy on the African Union. He is a qualified lawyer in Senegal and France. Before joining the Open Society Foundation in 2007, he served as Senior Legal Officer in charge of the Africa Program at INTERIGHTS for 10 years. As a founding member of RADDHO, a Senegalese human rights organization, Kane led a program focused on public education and women\u2019s human rights in five West African countries\u2014Cape Verde, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Mauritania, and Senegal\u2014for six years. Ibrahima has a strong interest in economic, social, and cultural rights, women\u2019s rights, migrant and refugee rights, nationality issues on the African continent, and the pursuit of justice through regional and international mechanisms. Over the past 15 years, Kane has worked closely with the African Commission on Human and Peoples\u2019 Rights, the African Union Commission, the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, the ECOWAS Court of Justice, and the East African Court of Justice, advocating before these bodies. He is an author and has coordinated the drafting and publication of several reports and articles on the African Union, the African Commission on Human and Peoples\u2019 Rights, and the protection of human rights by regional economic community bodies. Additionally, he was an Associate Professor at the Faculty of Law at the University of Essex from 2005 to 2011.\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.globalafricasciences.org\\\/author\\\/ibrahima-kane\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u00c9conomie num\u00e9rique en Afrique | Global Africa","description":"D\u00e9couvrez les enjeux et opportunit\u00e9s de l\u2019\u00e9conomie num\u00e9rique en Afrique : innovation, inclusion et croissance durable.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/economie-numerique-en-afrique\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u00c9conomie num\u00e9rique en Afrique | Global Africa","og_description":"D\u00e9couvrez les enjeux et opportunit\u00e9s de l\u2019\u00e9conomie num\u00e9rique en Afrique : innovation, inclusion et 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