{"id":10278,"date":"2024-12-01T18:05:57","date_gmt":"2024-12-01T18:05:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/actualites\/portrait-de-lafrique-spatiale\/"},"modified":"2025-05-15T12:20:07","modified_gmt":"2025-05-15T12:20:07","slug":"portrait-de-lafrique-spatiale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/portrait-de-lafrique-spatiale\/","title":{"rendered":"Portrait de l\u2019Afrique spatiale"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"10278\" class=\"elementor elementor-10278\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-036a802 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"036a802\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d1d7910 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d1d7910\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c21c9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7c21c9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Num\u00e9ro 07 - Fil Iconographie<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62d8bc1 elementor-author-box--link-yes ignoretoc elementor-author-box--avatar-yes elementor-author-box--name-yes elementor-widget 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href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/author\/rachid-id-yassine-fr\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tTous les articles de l'auteur\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5182bb3 ignoretoc elementor-widget elementor-widget-wpml-language-switcher\" data-id=\"5182bb3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wpml-language-switcher.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpml-elementor-ls\"><p class=\"wpml-ls-statics-post_translations wpml-ls\">This post is also available in: \n<span role=\"menu\">\n    <span class=\"wpml-ls-slot-post_translations wpml-ls-item wpml-ls-item-en wpml-ls-first-item wpml-ls-item-legacy-post-translations\" role=\"none\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/\" class=\"wpml-ls-link\" role=\"menuitem\" aria-label=\"Passer \u00e0 Anglais(English)\" title=\"Passer \u00e0 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PDF<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2724b9e e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2724b9e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f03e25c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f03e25c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"\/?issues=Publishing%20Africa%20\">07.2024<br>Publier la recherche africaine<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2b07a4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2b07a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Publi\u00e9 le : 20 septembre 2024<br><\/strong><strong>ISSN: 3020-0458<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38d84bf elementor-align-center elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"38d84bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Global-Africa-Issue-07-Afrostructuring-scientific-publishing.pdf\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">T\u00c9L\u00c9CHARGER LE NUM\u00c9RO PDF<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5db791 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b5db791\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/GA-Issue-07-1.jpg\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1810\" height=\"2560\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Global-Africa-Issue-07-Afrostructuring-scientific-publishing-1-scaled.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-1408\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae2d51c e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ae2d51c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c8215e e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3c8215e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa2f8e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-adv-tabs\" data-id=\"fa2f8e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-adv-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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<span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Abstract<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"rsum\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"rsum-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Flag_of_France.svg\" alt=\"\">\n                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >R\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"muhtasari\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"muhtasari-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Flag_of_Kenya.svg\" alt=\"\">\n                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Muhtasari<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                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1.235-0.283 2.953-0.498 4.816 2.086-2.604 4.252-5.247 5.566-6.692 0.453-0.499 0.931-1.053 1.422-1.638 0.392-5.814 0.769-13.089 0.968-16.142 0.197-3.042 0.07-6.866 0.047-7.531-0.024-0.665 0.318-0.551 0.809 0.925 0.658 1.981 1.071 7.176 0.927 10.621-0.086 2.047-0.275 5.779-0.479 9.309 1.619-2.081 3.156-4.182 4.156-5.6 1.778-2.518 3.411-5.512 3.982-7.38 0.57-1.87 0.633-2.424 0.744-2.757s0.602 1.031 0.524 3.168\" fill=\"#fff\"><\/path><\/g><\/g><path id=\"sword\" d=\"m1558.8 1170.7c-1.1729-3.3554-4.7649-5.8169-9.0607-5.8169s-7.8806 2.4615-9.0608 5.8169h-40.678c-0.4105-4.5128-0.01-9.0477 1.2683-13.465l83.981-0.051 2.3385 3.9414c2.1113 3.5531 4.7797 6.7619 7.8731 9.5751zm55.596-39.026h-100.92c7.7559-5.5971 11.824-13.766 10.732-22.029-0.6964-5.2089-5.8571-9.099-12.147-9.6264h-3.1596c-7.6532 0.7472-13.203 6.2637-12.396 12.322l0.3079 2.3297 0.3738 3.5824c0.4106 4.4982 0.015 9.0183-1.2535 13.421h-745.97c11.077 16.117 31.273 26 53.082 25.985l680.71-0.4178c-7.7852 5.6044-11.868 13.788-10.769 22.066 0.8064 6.0585 7.6533 10.374 15.307 9.6263 7.6459-0.7472 13.195-6.2637 12.396-12.33l-0.3079-2.3223h40.004c0.7037 3.9048 4.6037 6.9011 9.354 6.9011s8.6502-2.9963 9.3613-6.9011h40.693v-0.095c8.4963 6.0294 19.294 9.4946 30.716 9.4946 10.747 0 19.456-7.4652 19.456-16.681v-4.8205c0-16.842-15.922-30.506-35.569-30.506\" fill=\"#fff\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg>                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                    \n                                  <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"eael-tabs-content\">\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"abstract-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item active-default\" data-title-link=\"abstract-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <p>\/\/\/<\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"rsum-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"rsum-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <p>\/\/\/<\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"muhtasari-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"muhtasari-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <p>\/\/\/\n <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <p>\/\/\/<\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t                    <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff89d56 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ff89d56\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, le secteur spatial africain conna\u00eet une expansion disruptive, s\u2019affirmant progressivement comme un acteur strat\u00e9gique sur la sc\u00e8ne mondiale. Au milieu de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2024, l\u2019Afrique compte aujourd\u2019hui 61 satellites en orbite sur 13.605<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-07\/art-07-02-en#_ftn1\">1<\/a> , avec un ambitieux objectif de 125 nouveaux satellites d\u2019ici 2025. L\u2019Afrique du Sud (13 satellites) a \u00e9t\u00e9 le premier pays du continent \u00e0 faire son entr\u00e9e dans l\u2019\u00e8re spatiale en lan\u00e7ant en 1999, avec l\u2019aide de la NASA, le satellite SUNSAT-1. Depuis, 17 pays africains ont rejoint le club des pays dot\u00e9s d\u2019un ou plusieurs satellites, parmi lesquels l\u2019\u00c9gypte (13), le Nigeria et l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie (7), le Kenya et le Maroc (6), l\u2019Angola, l\u2019\u00c9thiopie et le Rwanda (2), le Ghana, le Soudan, la Tunisie, l\u2019Ouganda, le Zimbabwe, Djibouti, Maurice et tout r\u00e9cemment le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal (1)<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-07\/art-07-02-en#_ftn2\">2<\/a> . Le 16 ao\u00fbt 2024, le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal a en effet lanc\u00e9 son premier satellite, le GAINDESAT-1A. En parall\u00e8le, de nouveaux programmes spatiaux \u00e9mergent, portant \u00e0 vingt-un pays le nombre de nations africaines engag\u00e9es dans l\u2019aventure spatiale (Al-Hagrassy, 2023).     <\/p><p>L\u2019industrie spatiale africaine est donc en plein essor avec l\u2019\u00e9mergence de 318 entreprises spatiales et pr\u00e8s de vingt mille travailleurs dont plus de la moiti\u00e9 sont des fonctionnaires. En 2021, sa valeur \u00e9tait estim\u00e9e \u00e0 19,49 milliards de dollars, avec une projection qui devrait atteindre 22,64 milliards de dollars d\u2019ici 2026 (Adetola, 2023). Certes, l\u2019\u00e9conomie spatiale africaine (Space Foundation, 2024) repr\u00e9sente moins de 5% de l\u2019\u00e9conomie spatiale mondiale \u00e9valu\u00e9e \u00e0 570 milliards de dollars en 2023 (Faleti, 2024). Mais le continent accroit consid\u00e9rablement ces investissements comme avec plus de cinq milliards de dollars dans pr\u00e8s d\u2019une soixantaine de projets de satellites, tandis qu\u2019au cours des trois prochaines ann\u00e9es, plus d\u2019une centaine de satellites suppl\u00e9mentaires sont attendus.  <\/p><p>Le secteur b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie aussi d\u2019une volont\u00e9 politique affirm\u00e9e, repr\u00e9sent\u00e9e notamment par le programme spatial de l\u2019Union Africaine qui a permis la cr\u00e9ation en janvier 2023 de l\u2019Agence spatiale africaine (AfSA) bas\u00e9e en \u00c9gypte. Cette agence qui organise le \u00ab Forum africain sur l\u2019espace \u00bb, a pour mission de coordonner et de renforcer les initiatives spatiales des pays africains (Union Africaine, 2018) car l\u2019Afrique n\u2019entend plus d\u00e9pendre des technologies \u00e9trang\u00e8res. Si l\u2019histoire spatiale sur le continent remonte \u00e0 1947 avec les premiers lancements fran\u00e7ais en Alg\u00e9rie (Wade, 2024), cinq d\u00e9cennies plus tard, le Nig\u00e9ria lan\u00e7ait en 2003 NigeriaSat-X, le premier satellite con\u00e7u et r\u00e9alis\u00e9 par des Africains, t\u00e9moignant d\u2019une mont\u00e9e en comp\u00e9tence en mati\u00e8re de technologies spatiales. Depuis, neuf satellites ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8rement con\u00e7us, fabriqu\u00e9s et assembl\u00e9s sur le continent m\u00eame si aucun pays africain n\u2019a encore pu mettre en orbite un satellite.    <\/p><p>Assur\u00e9s jusqu\u2019ici par la Russie (16), les \u00c9tats-Unis (11) ou la Chine (7) notamment, les lancements de satellites africains pourraient bient\u00f4t \u00eatre effectu\u00e9s par les pays africains eux-m\u00eames, plusieurs projets de spatio-ports d\u00e9di\u00e9s aux futures missions africaines \u00e9tant en cours (Daire. &amp; Michalon, 2024). Pendant que la Turquie discute avec la Somalie (Agbetiloye, 2024), Djibouti a sign\u00e9 l\u2019ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re un protocole d\u2019accord avec deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s chinoises pour d\u00e9velopper et exploiter conjointement un port spatial dans le pays (Pons, 2024). Entre 2000 et 2023, l\u2019Afrique a sign\u00e9 plus de 166 accords spatiaux bilat\u00e9raux impliquant plus de 100 institutions de 32 pays (Adetola, 2023). Le d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019infrastructures adapt\u00e9es est donc une priorit\u00e9 pour l\u2019Afrique qui abrite des installations strat\u00e9giques telles que le Centre spatial Luigi Broglio au Kenya, utilis\u00e9 pour le lancement de fus\u00e9es. Le continent d\u00e9veloppe donc ses infrastructures spatiales comprenant 355 stations au sol, 60 t\u00e9lescopes, 22 plan\u00e9tariums et plus de 11 observatoires renomm\u00e9s (Adetola, 2023).     <\/p><p>Les partenariats internationaux jouent ainsi un r\u00f4le cl\u00e9 dans l\u2019essor du secteur spatial africain. Encore r\u00e9cemment, le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal qui envisage de lancer une sonde lunaire \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030, a \u00e9t\u00e9 le seul pays africain invit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Conf\u00e9rence de haut niveau sur les technologies spatiales en Eurasie centrale (STC 2024). L\u2019Agence s\u00e9n\u00e9galaise d\u2019\u00e9tudes spatiales et l\u2019Agence spatiale turque ont ainsi sign\u00e9 un m\u00e9morandum d\u2019entente sur, notamment, l\u2019utilisation des satellites et la r\u00e9alisation d\u2019infrastructures spatiales. Ces collaborations renforcent ainsi les capacit\u00e9s africaines, permettant aux pays du continent de combler progressivement leur retard par rapport aux grandes puissances spatiales.   <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d9184d e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2d9184d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7fd8c3 ignoretoc elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a7fd8c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">L'auteur<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38b0172 ignoretoc elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-link-in-bio\" data-id=\"38b0172\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"link-in-bio.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio e-link-in-bio\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image e-link-in-bio__identity-image-profile has-style-circle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Rachid-Id-Yassine--225x300.png\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image-element\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Rachid-Id-Yassine--225x300.png 225w, https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Rachid-Id-Yassine-.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bio\">\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"e-link-in-bio__heading\">Rachid Id Yassine<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"e-link-in-bio__title\">Ma\u00eetre de conf\u00e9rences en sociologie,<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"e-link-in-bio__description\">Universit\u00e9 Gaston Berger, S\u00e9n\u00e9gal<\/p>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icons has-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon is-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a aria-label=\"Email\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-link\" href=\"mailto:rachid.iy@ugb.edu.sn?subject=Contact%20from%20GA%20Bio\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-svg\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__ctas has-type-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/authors\/rachid-id-yassine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener \" class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta is-type-button has-corners-rounded\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tVoir le profil complet\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca44f9b ignoretoc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ca44f9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c9galement dans ce num\u00e9ro<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08ab0bf elementor-grid-1 elementor-grid-tablet-1 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-posts--thumbnail-top elementor-posts--show-avatar elementor-card-shadow-yes elementor-posts__hover-gradient elementor-widget elementor-widget-posts\" data-id=\"08ab0bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_columns&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_row_gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:27,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_columns_tablet&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_columns_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_row_gap_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_row_gap_tablet_extra&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_row_gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_row_gap_mobile_extra&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_row_gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"posts.posts_cards_pp_authors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-posts-container elementor-posts elementor-posts--skin-posts_cards_pp_authors elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-15271 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-revue author-global-africa\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/numero-10-global-africa-savoirs-protecteurs-savoir-proteger\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"1200\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Issue-10-\u2013-Global-AfricaProtective-Knowledges-The-Wisdom-to-Protect-.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-15268\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t        <div class=\"elementor-post__avatar\">\n            <img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/>        <\/div>\n        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/numero-10-global-africa-savoirs-protecteurs-savoir-proteger\/\" target=&quot;_blank&quot;>\n\t\t\t\tNum\u00e9ro 10 \u2013 Global Africa\u00ab Savoirs protecteurs, savoir prot\u00e9ger \u00bb\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/numero-10-global-africa-savoirs-protecteurs-savoir-proteger\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur Num\u00e9ro 10 \u2013 Global Africa\u00ab Savoirs protecteurs, savoir prot\u00e9ger \u00bb\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\tRead More \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t        <span class=\"elementor-post-author\">\n\t\t\tGlobal Africa\t\t<\/span>\n        \t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-15509 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-analyses-critiques author-karine-collette-fr author-ibrahima-ba-fr\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/terre-mere-trace-discursive-dune-emancipation-ecologique-au-nord-et-au-sud\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"527\" height=\"752\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Capture-decran-2025-06-27-a-19.19.41.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-14990\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Capture-decran-2025-06-27-a-19.19.41.png 527w, https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Capture-decran-2025-06-27-a-19.19.41-210x300.png 210w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 527px) 100vw, 527px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t        <div class=\"elementor-post__avatar\">\n            <img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/><img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/>        <\/div>\n        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/terre-mere-trace-discursive-dune-emancipation-ecologique-au-nord-et-au-sud\/\" target=&quot;_blank&quot;>\n\t\t\t\tTerre-M\u00e8re : trace discursive d\u2019une \u00e9mancipation \u00e9cologique au Nord et au Sud ?\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/terre-mere-trace-discursive-dune-emancipation-ecologique-au-nord-et-au-sud\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur Terre-M\u00e8re : trace discursive d\u2019une \u00e9mancipation \u00e9cologique au Nord et au Sud ?\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\tRead More \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t        <span class=\"elementor-post-author\">\n\t\t\tKarine Collette, Ibrahima Ba\t\t<\/span>\n        \t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-15517 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-champ author-cheikh-sadibou-sakho-fr author-masengesho-kamuzinzi-fr\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/we-heal-together-un-savoir-protecteur-par-excellence-qui-sinspire-de-lheritage-africain-ou-les-responsabilites-envers-soi-et-envers-autrui-sont-indissociables\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"527\" height=\"752\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Capture-decran-2025-06-27-a-19.18.04.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-14982\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t        <div class=\"elementor-post__avatar\">\n            <img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Cheikh-Sadibou-Sakho-.webp' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Cheikh-Sadibou-Sakho-.webp' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/><img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/>        <\/div>\n        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/we-heal-together-un-savoir-protecteur-par-excellence-qui-sinspire-de-lheritage-africain-ou-les-responsabilites-envers-soi-et-envers-autrui-sont-indissociables\/\" target=&quot;_blank&quot;>\n\t\t\t\t\u00ab We Heal Together \u00bb, un savoir protecteur par excellence qui s\u2019inspire de l\u2019h\u00e9ritage africain, o\u00f9 les responsabilit\u00e9s envers soi et envers autrui sont indissociables\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/we-heal-together-un-savoir-protecteur-par-excellence-qui-sinspire-de-lheritage-africain-ou-les-responsabilites-envers-soi-et-envers-autrui-sont-indissociables\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur \u00ab We Heal Together \u00bb, un savoir protecteur par excellence qui s\u2019inspire de l\u2019h\u00e9ritage africain, o\u00f9 les responsabilit\u00e9s envers soi et envers autrui sont indissociables\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\tRead More \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t        <span class=\"elementor-post-author\">\n\t\t\tCheikh Sadibou Sakho, Masengesho Kamuzinzi\t\t<\/span>\n        \t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-15523 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-analyses-critiques author-cheikh-sadibou-sakho-fr author-ndeye-laity-ndiaye-fr\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/it-takes-a-village-reinventer-la-mise-a-labri-des-survivantes-de-violences-sexuelles-au-senegalpistes-a-partir-de-lexperience-du-centre-kullimaaroo-de-ziguinchor\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"527\" height=\"752\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Capture-decran-2025-06-27-a-19.17.22.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-14992\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t        <div class=\"elementor-post__avatar\">\n            <img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Cheikh-Sadibou-Sakho-.webp' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Cheikh-Sadibou-Sakho-.webp' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/><img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/>        <\/div>\n        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/it-takes-a-village-reinventer-la-mise-a-labri-des-survivantes-de-violences-sexuelles-au-senegalpistes-a-partir-de-lexperience-du-centre-kullimaaroo-de-ziguinchor\/\" target=&quot;_blank&quot;>\n\t\t\t\tIt Takes a Village! (R\u00e9)inventer la mise \u00e0 l\u2019abri des survivantes de violences sexuelles au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal<br>Pistes \u00e0 partir de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience du centre Kullimaaroo de Ziguinchor\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/it-takes-a-village-reinventer-la-mise-a-labri-des-survivantes-de-violences-sexuelles-au-senegalpistes-a-partir-de-lexperience-du-centre-kullimaaroo-de-ziguinchor\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur It Takes a Village! (R\u00e9)inventer la mise \u00e0 l\u2019abri des survivantes de violences sexuelles au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal&lt;br&gt;Pistes \u00e0 partir de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience du centre Kullimaaroo de Ziguinchor\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\tRead More \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t        <span class=\"elementor-post-author\">\n\t\t\tCheikh Sadibou Sakho, Nd\u00e8ye La\u00efty Ndiaye\t\t<\/span>\n        \t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e590199 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e590199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3dd1381 elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-adv-tabs\" data-id=\"3dd1381\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-adv-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t        <div data-scroll-on-click=\"no\" data-scroll-speed=\"300\" id=\"eael-advance-tabs-3dd1381\" class=\"eael-advance-tabs eael-tabs-horizontal eael-tab-auto-active  responsive-vertical-layout\" data-tabid=\"3dd1381\">\n            <div class=\"eael-tabs-nav \">\n                <ul class=\"eael-tab-inline-icon\" role=\"tablist\">\n                                            <li id=\"pour-citer-larticle-\" class=\"active-default eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"pour-citer-larticle--tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <i class=\"fas fa-quote-left\"><\/i>                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Pour citer l&rsquo;article :<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"notes\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"notes-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <i class=\"fas fa-notes-medical\"><\/i>                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Notes<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"bibliographie\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"bibliographie-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <i class=\"fas fa-book\"><\/i>                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Bibliographie<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                    \n                                  <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"eael-tabs-content\">\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"pour-citer-larticle--tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item active-default\" data-title-link=\"pour-citer-larticle--tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <h5>APA <\/h5>\n<p>Id Yassine, R. (2024). Portrait de l&rsquo;Afrique spatiale. <em>Global Africa<\/em>, (7), pp. 30-31. <u><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57832\/he1g-1g79%C2%A0\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57832\/he1g-1g79 <\/a><\/u>  <\/p>\n<h5>MLA <\/h5>\n<p>Id Yassine, R. \u00ab\u00a0Portrait de l&rsquo;Afrique spatiale\u00a0\u00bb. <em>Global Africa<\/em>, no. 7, 2024, p. 30-31. doi.org\/10.57832\/he1g-1g79  <\/p>\n<h5>DOI <\/h5>\n<p><u><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57832\/he1g-1g79%C2%A0\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57832\/he1g-1g79<br \/>\n <\/a><\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u00a9 2024 by author(s). This work is openly licensed via CC BY-NC 4.0 <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"notes-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"notes-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-07\/art-07-02-en#_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unoosa.org\/oosa\/osoindex\/\">https:\/\/www.unoosa.org\/oosa\/osoindex\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/issue-07\/art-07-02-en#_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/spacehubs.africa\/regions\">https:\/\/spacehubs.africa\/regions<\/a><\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"bibliographie-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"bibliographie-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <p>Adetola, A. (2023). African Space Industry Annual Report, 2023 Edition. <em>Space in Africa<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/spaceinafrica.com\/2023\/08\/28\/african-space-industry-annual-report-2023-edition\/\">https:\/\/spaceinafrica.com\/2023\/08\/28\/african-space-industry-annual-report-2023-edition\/<\/a> <\/p>\n<p>Agbetiloye, A. (2024). La Turquie envisage de construire un site d\u2019essai de missiles et de fus\u00e9es spatiales dans la Corne de l\u2019Afrique. <em>Qiraat Africa<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.com\/fr\/12790\/la-turquie-envisage-de-construire-un-site-dessai-de-missiles-et-de-fusees-spatiales-dans-la-corne-de-lafrique\/\">https:\/\/qiraatafrican.com\/fr\/12790\/la-turquie-envisage-de-construire-un-site-dessai-de-missiles-et-de-fusees-spatiales-dans-la-corne-de-lafrique\/<\/a> <\/p>\n<p>Al-Hagrassy, N. (2023). Technologies spatiales : L\u2019Afrique affiche ses ambitions. <em>Al-Ahram<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/french.ahram.org.eg\/News\/39397.aspx\">https:\/\/french.ahram.org.eg\/News\/39397.aspx<\/a> <\/p>\n<p>Daire, C., &amp; Michalon N. (2024). Great powers jostle over east African space ports. <em>Africa Intelligence<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/eastern-africa-and-the-horn\/2024\/05\/29\/great-powers-jostle-over-east-african-space-ports,110241957-eve\">https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/eastern-africa-and-the-horn\/2024\/05\/29\/great-powers-jostle-over-east-african-space-ports,110241957-eve<\/a> <\/p>\n<p>Faleti, J. (2024). Space Foundation Reports 7.4% Global Space Economy Growth. <em>Spacewatch Global<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/spacewatch.global\/2024\/07\/space-foundation-reports-7-4-global-space-economy-growth\/\">https:\/\/spacewatch.global\/2024\/07\/space-foundation-reports-7-4-global-space-economy-growth\/<\/a> <\/p>\n<p>Pons, J. (2024). China&rsquo;s new ambition: to set up a space base in the Horn of Africa. <em>Atalayar<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.atalayar.com\/en\/articulo\/new-technologies-innovation\/chinas-new-ambition-to-set-up-space-base-in-the-horn-of-africa\/20240213105939196819.html\">https:\/\/www.atalayar.com\/en\/articulo\/new-technologies-innovation\/chinas-new-ambition-to-set-up-space-base-in-the-horn-of-africa\/20240213105939196819.html<\/a> <\/p>\n<p>Space Foundation (2024). Civil space spending in Africa (USD), 2022-2024. <em>The Space Report<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thespacereport.org\/resources\/civil-space-spending-in-africa-usd-2022-2024\/\">https:\/\/www.thespacereport.org\/resources\/civil-space-spending-in-africa-usd-2022-2024\/<\/a> <\/p>\n<p>Union Africaine (2018). Statut de l\u2019Agence spatiale africaine.  <a href=\"https:\/\/au.int\/sites\/default\/files\/treaties\/36198-treaty-statute_african_space_agency_f.pdf\">https:\/\/au.int\/sites\/default\/files\/treaties\/36198-treaty-statute_african_space_agency_f.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Wade, M. (2024). Hammaguira. <em>Encyclopedia Astronautica<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140209173427\/http:\/www.astronautix.com\/sites\/hamguira.htm\">https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140209173427\/http:\/\/www.astronautix.com\/sites\/hamguira.htm<\/a> <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t                    <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5aff930 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5aff930\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc34b86 elementor-widget elementor-widget-off-canvas\" data-id=\"fc34b86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"off-canvas.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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class=\"eael-creative-button-wrapper\">\n\n            <a class=\"eael-creative-button eael-creative-button--default eael-cb-icon-position-\" href=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Doff_canvas%3Aopen%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ImZjMzRiODYiLCJkaXNwbGF5TW9kZSI6Im9wZW4ifQ%3D%3D\" data-text=\"Allez-y !\">\n            \t    \n                <div class=\"creative-button-inner\">\n\n                    \n                    <span class=\"cretive-button-text\">Table des mati\u00e8res<\/span>\n\n                                    <\/div>\n\t                        <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Num\u00e9ro 07 &#8211; Fil Iconographie This post is also available in: English Fran\u00e7ais (French) T\u00c9L\u00c9CHARGER EN PDF 07.2024Publier la recherche africaine Publi\u00e9 le : 20 septembre 2024ISSN: 3020-0458 T\u00c9L\u00c9CHARGER LE NUM\u00c9RO PDF Abstract R\u00e9sum\u00e9 Muhtasari \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \/\/\/ \/\/\/ \/\/\/ \/\/\/ Ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, le secteur spatial africain conna\u00eet une expansion disruptive, s\u2019affirmant progressivement comme un acteur strat\u00e9gique sur la sc\u00e8ne mondiale. Au milieu de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2024, l\u2019Afrique compte aujourd\u2019hui 61 satellites en orbite sur 13.6051 , avec un ambitieux objectif de 125 nouveaux satellites d\u2019ici 2025. L\u2019Afrique du Sud (13 satellites) a \u00e9t\u00e9 le premier pays du continent \u00e0 faire son entr\u00e9e dans l\u2019\u00e8re spatiale en lan\u00e7ant en 1999, avec l\u2019aide de la NASA, le satellite SUNSAT-1. Depuis, 17 pays africains ont rejoint le club des pays dot\u00e9s d\u2019un ou plusieurs satellites, parmi lesquels l\u2019\u00c9gypte (13), le Nigeria et l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie (7), le Kenya et le Maroc (6), l\u2019Angola, l\u2019\u00c9thiopie et le Rwanda (2), le Ghana, le Soudan, la Tunisie, l\u2019Ouganda, le Zimbabwe, Djibouti, Maurice et tout r\u00e9cemment le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal (1)2 . Le 16 ao\u00fbt 2024, le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal a en effet lanc\u00e9 son premier satellite, le GAINDESAT-1A. En parall\u00e8le, de nouveaux programmes spatiaux \u00e9mergent, portant \u00e0 vingt-un pays le nombre de nations africaines engag\u00e9es dans l\u2019aventure spatiale (Al-Hagrassy, 2023). L\u2019industrie spatiale africaine est donc en plein essor avec l\u2019\u00e9mergence de 318 entreprises spatiales et pr\u00e8s de vingt mille travailleurs dont plus de la moiti\u00e9 sont des fonctionnaires. En 2021, sa valeur \u00e9tait estim\u00e9e \u00e0 19,49 milliards de dollars, avec une projection qui devrait atteindre 22,64 milliards de dollars d\u2019ici 2026 (Adetola, 2023). Certes, l\u2019\u00e9conomie spatiale africaine (Space Foundation, 2024) repr\u00e9sente moins de 5% de l\u2019\u00e9conomie spatiale mondiale \u00e9valu\u00e9e \u00e0 570 milliards de dollars en 2023 (Faleti, 2024). Mais le continent accroit consid\u00e9rablement ces investissements comme avec plus de cinq milliards de dollars dans pr\u00e8s d\u2019une soixantaine de projets de satellites, tandis qu\u2019au cours des trois prochaines ann\u00e9es, plus d\u2019une centaine de satellites suppl\u00e9mentaires sont attendus. Le secteur b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie aussi d\u2019une volont\u00e9 politique affirm\u00e9e, repr\u00e9sent\u00e9e notamment par le programme spatial de l\u2019Union Africaine qui a permis la cr\u00e9ation en janvier 2023 de l\u2019Agence spatiale africaine (AfSA) bas\u00e9e en \u00c9gypte. Cette agence qui organise le \u00ab Forum africain sur l\u2019espace \u00bb, a pour mission de coordonner et de renforcer les initiatives spatiales des pays africains (Union Africaine, 2018) car l\u2019Afrique n\u2019entend plus d\u00e9pendre des technologies \u00e9trang\u00e8res. Si l\u2019histoire spatiale sur le continent remonte \u00e0 1947 avec les premiers lancements fran\u00e7ais en Alg\u00e9rie (Wade, 2024), cinq d\u00e9cennies plus tard, le Nig\u00e9ria lan\u00e7ait en 2003 NigeriaSat-X, le premier satellite con\u00e7u et r\u00e9alis\u00e9 par des Africains, t\u00e9moignant d\u2019une mont\u00e9e en comp\u00e9tence en mati\u00e8re de technologies spatiales. Depuis, neuf satellites ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8rement con\u00e7us, fabriqu\u00e9s et assembl\u00e9s sur le continent m\u00eame si aucun pays africain n\u2019a encore pu mettre en orbite un satellite. Assur\u00e9s jusqu\u2019ici par la Russie (16), les \u00c9tats-Unis (11) ou la Chine (7) notamment, les lancements de satellites africains pourraient bient\u00f4t \u00eatre effectu\u00e9s par les pays africains eux-m\u00eames, plusieurs projets de spatio-ports d\u00e9di\u00e9s aux futures missions africaines \u00e9tant en cours (Daire. &amp; Michalon, 2024). Pendant que la Turquie discute avec la Somalie (Agbetiloye, 2024), Djibouti a sign\u00e9 l\u2019ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re un protocole d\u2019accord avec deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s chinoises pour d\u00e9velopper et exploiter conjointement un port spatial dans le pays (Pons, 2024). Entre 2000 et 2023, l\u2019Afrique a sign\u00e9 plus de 166 accords spatiaux bilat\u00e9raux impliquant plus de 100 institutions de 32 pays (Adetola, 2023). Le d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019infrastructures adapt\u00e9es est donc une priorit\u00e9 pour l\u2019Afrique qui abrite des installations strat\u00e9giques telles que le Centre spatial Luigi Broglio au Kenya, utilis\u00e9 pour le lancement de fus\u00e9es. Le continent d\u00e9veloppe donc ses infrastructures spatiales comprenant 355 stations au sol, 60 t\u00e9lescopes, 22 plan\u00e9tariums et plus de 11 observatoires renomm\u00e9s (Adetola, 2023). Les partenariats internationaux jouent ainsi un r\u00f4le cl\u00e9 dans l\u2019essor du secteur spatial africain. Encore r\u00e9cemment, le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal qui envisage de lancer une sonde lunaire \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030, a \u00e9t\u00e9 le seul pays africain invit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Conf\u00e9rence de haut niveau sur les technologies spatiales en Eurasie centrale (STC 2024). L\u2019Agence s\u00e9n\u00e9galaise d\u2019\u00e9tudes spatiales et l\u2019Agence spatiale turque ont ainsi sign\u00e9 un m\u00e9morandum d\u2019entente sur, notamment, l\u2019utilisation des satellites et la r\u00e9alisation d\u2019infrastructures spatiales. Ces collaborations renforcent ainsi les capacit\u00e9s africaines, permettant aux pays du continent de combler progressivement leur retard par rapport aux grandes puissances spatiales. L&rsquo;auteur Rachid Id Yassine Ma\u00eetre de conf\u00e9rences en sociologie, Universit\u00e9 Gaston Berger, S\u00e9n\u00e9gal Voir le profil complet \u00c9galement dans ce num\u00e9ro Pour citer l&#8217;article : Notes Bibliographie APA Id Yassine, R. (2024). Portrait de l&#8217;Afrique spatiale. Global Africa, (7), pp. 30-31. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57832\/he1g-1g79 MLA Id Yassine, R. &#8220;Portrait de l&#8217;Afrique spatiale&#8221;. Global Africa, no. 7, 2024, p. 30-31. doi.org\/10.57832\/he1g-1g79 DOI https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57832\/he1g-1g79 \u00a9 2024 by author(s). This work is openly licensed via CC BY-NC 4.0 [1] https:\/\/www.unoosa.org\/oosa\/osoindex\/ [2] https:\/\/spacehubs.africa\/regions Adetola, A. (2023). African Space Industry Annual Report, 2023 Edition. Space in Africa. https:\/\/spaceinafrica.com\/2023\/08\/28\/african-space-industry-annual-report-2023-edition\/ Agbetiloye, A. (2024). La Turquie envisage de construire un site d\u2019essai de missiles et de fus\u00e9es spatiales dans la Corne de l\u2019Afrique. Qiraat Africa. https:\/\/qiraatafrican.com\/fr\/12790\/la-turquie-envisage-de-construire-un-site-dessai-de-missiles-et-de-fusees-spatiales-dans-la-corne-de-lafrique\/ Al-Hagrassy, N. (2023). Technologies spatiales : L\u2019Afrique affiche ses ambitions. Al-Ahram. https:\/\/french.ahram.org.eg\/News\/39397.aspx Daire, C., &amp; Michalon N. (2024). Great powers jostle over east African space ports. Africa Intelligence. https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/eastern-africa-and-the-horn\/2024\/05\/29\/great-powers-jostle-over-east-african-space-ports,110241957-eve Faleti, J. (2024). Space Foundation Reports 7.4% Global Space Economy Growth. Spacewatch Global. https:\/\/spacewatch.global\/2024\/07\/space-foundation-reports-7-4-global-space-economy-growth\/ Pons, J. (2024). China&#8217;s new ambition: to set up a space base in the Horn of Africa. Atalayar. https:\/\/www.atalayar.com\/en\/articulo\/new-technologies-innovation\/chinas-new-ambition-to-set-up-space-base-in-the-horn-of-africa\/20240213105939196819.html Space Foundation (2024). Civil space spending in Africa (USD), 2022-2024. The Space Report. https:\/\/www.thespacereport.org\/resources\/civil-space-spending-in-africa-usd-2022-2024\/ Union Africaine (2018). Statut de l\u2019Agence spatiale africaine. https:\/\/au.int\/sites\/default\/files\/treaties\/36198-treaty-statute_african_space_agency_f.pdf Wade, M. (2024). Hammaguira. Encyclopedia Astronautica. https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140209173427\/http:\/\/www.astronautix.com\/sites\/hamguira.htm Table des mati\u00e8res Table des mati\u00e8res Table des mati\u00e8res<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":88,"featured_media":6336,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[208],"tags":[],"issues3":[],"post_folder":[],"ppma_author":[454],"class_list":["post-10278","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fil-iconographique","author-rachid-id-yassine-fr"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Portrait de l\u2019Afrique spatiale | Global Africa<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Portrait de l&#039;Afrique spatiale : mettre en valeur le r\u00f4le croissant de l&#039;Afrique dans 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