{"id":10133,"date":"2024-12-01T14:59:09","date_gmt":"2024-12-01T14:59:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/actualites\/notre-tache-daujourdhui-est-de-lancer-une-insurrection-didees-panafricaines\/"},"modified":"2025-05-15T13:30:35","modified_gmt":"2025-05-15T13:30:35","slug":"notre-tache-daujourdhui-est-de-lancer-une-insurrection-didees-panafricaines","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/notre-tache-daujourdhui-est-de-lancer-une-insurrection-didees-panafricaines\/","title":{"rendered":"Notre t\u00e2che d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui est de lancer une insurrection d\u2019id\u00e9es panafricaines"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"10133\" class=\"elementor elementor-10133\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-036a802 e-con-full e-flex 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class=\"elementor-author-box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/authors\/cheikh-thiam\" class=\"elementor-author-box__avatar\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Cheikh-Thiam--225x300.jpg\" alt=\"Image de Cheikh Thiam\" loading=\"lazy\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/authors\/cheikh-thiam\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-author-box__name\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCheikh Thiam\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-author-box__button elementor-button elementor-size-xs\" href=\"\/authors\/cheikh-thiam\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tTous les articles de l'auteur\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e08fa71 ignoretoc elementor-widget elementor-widget-author-box\" data-id=\"e08fa71\" 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href=\"\/?issues=Theorizing%20for%20the%20Present%20and%20the%20Future:%20Africa,%20Knowledge%20Creation,%20and%20Global%20Challenges%20\">04.2023<br>Th\u00e9oriser le pr\u00e9sent et le futur : Afrique, production de savoirs et enjeux globaux<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2b07a4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2b07a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Publi\u00e9 le : 20 d\u00e9cembre 2023<br><\/strong><strong>ISSN: 3020-0458<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38d84bf elementor-align-center elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"38d84bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/GA-Issue-07-1.jpg\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1240\" height=\"1754\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Global-Africa-Issue-04-Theorizing-for-the-Present-and-the-Future-Africa-Knowledge-Creation-and-Global-Challenges.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-1280\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae2d51c e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ae2d51c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c8215e e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3c8215e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa2f8e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-adv-tabs\" data-id=\"fa2f8e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-adv-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t        <div data-scroll-on-click=\"no\" data-scroll-speed=\"300\" id=\"eael-advance-tabs-fa2f8e7\" class=\"eael-advance-tabs eael-tabs-horizontal eael-tab-auto-active  responsive-vertical-layout\" data-tabid=\"fa2f8e7\">\n            <div class=\"eael-tabs-nav \">\n                <ul class=\"eael-tab-inline-icon\" role=\"tablist\">\n                                            <li id=\"abstract\" class=\"active-default eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"abstract-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg\" alt=\"\">\n                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Abstract<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"rsum\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"rsum-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Flag_of_France.svg\" alt=\"\">\n                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >R\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"muhtasari\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"muhtasari-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Flag_of_Kenya.svg\" alt=\"\">\n                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Muhtasari<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"900\" height=\"600\" viewBox=\"0 0 900 600\"><path id=\"green\" d=\"m0 600h900v-600h-900z\" fill=\"#005430\" stroke-width=\".375\"><\/path><g id=\"white\" transform=\"scale(.375)\"><g id=\"shahada\"><g transform=\"matrix(7.3042,0,0,-6.7531,1800,635.53)\"><path d=\"m0 0c-0.023 4.162-1.516 15.373-1.895 19.134-0.378 3.761-0.759 7.173-0.667 7.972 0.09 0.771 1.187-1.072 1.767-1.221 0.3 0.065 0.166 1.229-0.379 2.223-0.369 0.675-1.627 3.199-2.39 4.678-0.359 0.7-0.439 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9.5751zm55.596-39.026h-100.92c7.7559-5.5971 11.824-13.766 10.732-22.029-0.6964-5.2089-5.8571-9.099-12.147-9.6264h-3.1596c-7.6532 0.7472-13.203 6.2637-12.396 12.322l0.3079 2.3297 0.3738 3.5824c0.4106 4.4982 0.015 9.0183-1.2535 13.421h-745.97c11.077 16.117 31.273 26 53.082 25.985l680.71-0.4178c-7.7852 5.6044-11.868 13.788-10.769 22.066 0.8064 6.0585 7.6533 10.374 15.307 9.6263 7.6459-0.7472 13.195-6.2637 12.396-12.33l-0.3079-2.3223h40.004c0.7037 3.9048 4.6037 6.9011 9.354 6.9011s8.6502-2.9963 9.3613-6.9011h40.693v-0.095c8.4963 6.0294 19.294 9.4946 30.716 9.4946 10.747 0 19.456-7.4652 19.456-16.681v-4.8205c0-16.842-15.922-30.506-35.569-30.506\" fill=\"#fff\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg>                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                    \n                                  <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"eael-tabs-content\">\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"abstract-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item active-default\" data-title-link=\"abstract-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <p>\/\/\/<\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"rsum-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"rsum-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <p>\/\/\/<\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"muhtasari-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"muhtasari-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <p>\/\/\/\n <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <p>\/\/\/<\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t                    <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff89d56 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ff89d56\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>Thiam, Garba et Ba:<\/b> <span class=\"highlight\">Prof. Shivji, vous \u00eates une \u00e9minente figure des \u00e9tudes africaines, discipline vou\u00e9e \u00e0 la transformation sociale. Vous \u00eates la mat\u00e9rialisation du mouvement progressiste dans son engagement pour la dignit\u00e9 africaine (et humaine). Comment d\u00e9finiriezvous\/d\u00e9cririez-vous\/situeriez-vous votre formation, vos recherches et votre engagement pour la recherche africaine ? <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62cccd5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"62cccd5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Professor Shivji:<\/strong> J\u2019ai int\u00e9gr\u00e9 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Dar es Salaam, qui \u00e9tait alors un coll\u00e8ge universitaire de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de l\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Est, en 1967. Nous \u00e9tions la premi\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9ration \u00e0 int\u00e9grer l\u2019universit\u00e9 apr\u00e8s la D\u00e9claration d\u2019Arusha. Comme vous le savez, la D\u00e9claration d\u2019Arusha sur le socialisme et l\u2019autosuffisance \u00e9tait la feuille de route du parti au pouvoir dans son projet de construire un pays socialiste sous Julius Nyerere. Le campus \u00e9tait anim\u00e9, avec des d\u00e9bats et des discussions, \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur et en dehors des salles de classe, sur le socialisme et le r\u00f4le de l\u2019universit\u00e9 et des intellectuels dans le processus politique de l\u2019\u00e9poque.   <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-332c5ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"332c5ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Il est important de noter que ces d\u00e9bats se d\u00e9roulaient dans un contexte international marqu\u00e9 par des luttes \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale. Il y avait la lutte des mouvements de lib\u00e9ration d\u2019Afrique australe contre le colonialisme portugais et les r\u00e9gimes coloniaux blancs au Zimbabwe, en Namibie et dans le contexte de l\u2019apartheid en Afrique du Sud. Plusieurs de ces mouvements \u00e9taient bas\u00e9s en Tanzanie et b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaient d\u2019un soutien total de l\u2019\u00c9tat et du parti au pouvoir de Nyerere. Le mouvement des droits civiques aux \u00c9tats-Unis \u00e9tait aussi \u00e0 son pinacle. Il y avait partout dans le monde des manifestations et des marches contre les bombardements massifs des \u00c9tats-Unis au Vietnam. En 1968, les \u00e9tudiants fran\u00e7ais avaient presque r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 renverser le gouvernement de De Gaulle. La Chine \u00e9tait au c\u0153ur de sa R\u00e9volution culturelle. Et partout ailleurs, se tenaient des d\u00e9bats v\u00e9h\u00e9ments sur le marxisme et la politique de la gauche en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral. Bref, la r\u00e9volution \u00e9tait \u00e0 son apog\u00e9e, comme l\u2019aurait dit Samir Amin.        <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-98202e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"98202e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>C\u2019est dans ce contexte que s\u2019est radicalis\u00e9 un petit groupe d\u2019\u00e9tudiants venus de toute l\u2019Afrique. Certains professeurs nous expos\u00e8rent \u00e0 une incroyable vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de litt\u00e9ratures radicales comme, entre autres, des auteurs tels que Frantz Fanon, C. L. R James, Kwame Nkrumah, Amilcar Cabral et bien s\u00fbr Marx, Engels, L\u00e9nine, Mao et des \u00e9crivains marxistes de diff\u00e9rentes \u00e9coles. Ces \u00e9tudiants form\u00e8rent ainsi leur c\u00e9l\u00e8bre organisation, le Front R\u00e9volutionnaire des \u00c9tudiants Africains de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 (USARF), qui publiait le magazine <i>Cheche<\/i>, \u00ab L\u2019\u00c9tincelle \u00bb, en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 l\u2019<i>Iskra<\/i> de L\u00e9nine et \u00e0 l\u2019\u00ab \u00c9tincelle \u00bb de Nkrumah.   <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d095182 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d095182\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Durant ma troisi\u00e8me ann\u00e9e d\u2019\u00e9tudes de droit, <i>Cheche<\/i> publia mon essai, relativement long, intitul\u00e9 \u00ab Tanzanie : La silencieuse lutte des classes \u00bb, sous forme de num\u00e9ro sp\u00e9cial en septembre 1970. Il ne s\u2019agissait pas d\u2019un plaidoyer de classe ou d\u2019un exercice acad\u00e9mique. Ma motivation imm\u00e9diate est d\u00e9crite dans l\u2019introduction que je cite ci-dessous pour donner \u00e0 vos lecteurs le ton de l\u2019\u00e9poque :  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf7c70a elementor-blockquote--skin-border elementor-widget elementor-widget-blockquote\" data-id=\"bf7c70a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"blockquote.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote class=\"elementor-blockquote\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-blockquote__content\">\n\t\t\t\tLa situation actuelle en Tanzanie semble \u00e0 la fois confuse et d\u00e9concertante. Cela est d\u2019autant plus vrai qu\u2019aucune tentative d\u2019analyse scientifique de la formation socio-\u00e9conomique en Tanzanie n\u2019a encore \u00e9t\u00e9 faite. Le vide laiss\u00e9 par ce manque d\u2019analyse rigoureuse de la situation a laiss\u00e9 libre court au ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne dangereux qui consiste \u00e0 substituer, \u00e0 ce vide, les platitudes, le verbiage ou la r\u00e9citation de slogans creux. [...] La psychologie ainsi que les attitudes et les d\u00e9clarations des uns et des autres sont de plus en plus consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme plus importantes que les conditions mat\u00e9rielles concr\u00e8tes et objectives du peuple comme crit\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9valuation des actions particuli\u00e8res. La vision \u00e0 long terme a \u00e9t\u00e9 rel\u00e9gu\u00e9e au second rang. ... Les apparences passent pour la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 tandis que l\u2019analyse correcte de la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 est re\u00e7ue avec m\u00e9pris et ignorance sinon condamn\u00e9e comme \u2018doctrinaire\u2019. Le subjectivisme est sur le point de triompher !      \n\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f62e0a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5f62e0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tL\u2019essai a suscit\u00e9 un vif d\u00e9bat. Entre autres, Walter Rodney, Joh Saul, Thomas Szentes, Kassim Guruli et Justinian Rweyemamu contribu\u00e8rent aux discussions1 .\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a9e5ef7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a9e5ef7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Vous m\u2019avez aussi pos\u00e9 une question sur la recherche. \u00c0 cette \u00e9poque, le corps professoral de l\u2019universit\u00e9 faisait de la recherche <i>fondamentale<\/i>. Ce qui n\u2019\u00e9tait pas simplement une activit\u00e9 acad\u00e9mique. C\u2019\u00e9tait une recherche engag\u00e9e et d\u00e9termin\u00e9e visant \u00e0 comprendre la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 et \u00e0 l\u2019interpr\u00e9ter afin de la changer. Ma propre recherche et mes publications ont \u00e9t\u00e9 influenc\u00e9es par cette tradition.    <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-664268c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"664268c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Thiam, Garba et Ba: <\/strong><span class=\"highlight\">Votre long et s\u00e9rieux engagement avec des institutions qui ont jou\u00e9 des r\u00f4les essentiels dans la promotion des sciences sociales sur le continent africain, telles que l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Dar es Salaam, l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Makerere, l\u2019Institut d\u2019\u00e9tudes africaines \u00e0 Accra l\u2019Universit\u00e9 du Ghana et le CODESRIA, fait de vous un t\u00e9moin privil\u00e9gi\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9volution de la recherche africaine. Pouvez-vous fournir des \u00e9clairages sur les moments historiques qui ont marqu\u00e9 les visions de ces institutions. <br><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d7e0f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7d7e0f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Professor Shivji:<\/strong> Avec le recul, [on peut dire qu\u2019il] y a deux moments cruciaux dans la recherche et le d\u00e9veloppement des sciences sociales sur le continent : le moment nationaliste et le moment n\u00e9olib\u00e9ral. Il y a \u00e9galement eu le moment de transition entre les deux, celui des programmes d\u2019ajustement structurel et de ses diverses it\u00e9rations. Le moment nationaliste a engendr\u00e9 deux \u00e9coles : une bas\u00e9e sur des th\u00e9ories re\u00e7ues telles que la modernisation, et une autre enracin\u00e9e dans la r\u00e9action nationaliste. C\u2019est le cas de l\u2019\u00e9cole nationaliste d\u2019histoire, qui cherchait \u00e0 identifier et \u00e0 mettre en avant le sujet africain. Dans des institutions radicales comme le CODESRIA, la dimension panafricaine du nationalisme \u00e9tait un r\u00e9f\u00e9rent important, bien qu\u2019elle n\u2019\u00e9tait pas toujours au premier plan. L\u2019\u00e9cole de la d\u00e9pendance et du sous-d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9tait bien pr\u00e9sente au sein de l\u2019\u00e9cole nationaliste, elle allait au-del\u00e0 de la simple recherche d\u2019une agenc\u00e9it\u00e9 africaine mais voulait d\u00e9crire l\u2019insertion du continent dans le syst\u00e8me capitaliste mondial. Il est important de souligner deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments relatifs \u00e0 cette \u00e9cole. Premi\u00e8rement, la perspective qu\u2019on y proposait \u00e9tait interdisciplinaire, essayant de franchir les fronti\u00e8res disciplinaires de la pens\u00e9e bourgeoise et coloniale. Deuxi\u00e8mement, dans ce contexte, la politique \u00e9tait, pour ainsi dire, primordiale, car les chercheurs radicaux et les universitaires engag\u00e9s [de cette \u00e9cole] n\u2019h\u00e9sitaient pas \u00e0 analyser et \u00e0 comprendre l\u2019imp\u00e9rialisme, sa nature et ses caract\u00e9ristiques.       <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ec3c0f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0ec3c0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>[Notons que] pendant le moment de transition, alors que nos universit\u00e9s \u00e9taient fortement attaqu\u00e9es par des donateurs et l\u2019universit\u00e9 occidentale dans le but de n\u00e9o-lib\u00e9raliser notre \u00e9ducation, le CODESRIA a jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le fondamental en d\u00e9veloppant une robuste critique des programmes d\u2019ajustement structurel (SAPS) dans ses diverses manifestations.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c9743a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c9743a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEn r\u00e9sum\u00e9, je dirais que pour comprendre comment la structure de nos institutions a \u00e9t\u00e9 fa\u00e7onn\u00e9e, nous ne devrions ni ignorer ou sous-estimer leurs sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9s historiques ni perdre de vue les tendances particuli\u00e8res et g\u00e9n\u00e9rales du processus d\u2019accumulation capitaliste et ses manifestations politiques au niveau global quoique celles-ci soient dissimul\u00e9es dans des id\u00e9ologies et des pratiques particuli\u00e8rement complexes.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7dea19d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7dea19d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\n    <strong>Thiam, Garba et Ba:<\/strong> \n<span class=\"highlight\">\nAfin d\u2019aider les jeunes membres du corps professoral et la prochaine g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de chercheurs qui veulent comprendre l\u2019importance de ces institutions, pourriez-vous nous parler du r\u00f4le de celles-ci dans la mise en place d\u2019une tradition intellectuelle africaine au service d\u2019une transformation sociale progressiste ?\n<\/span> \n<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0c253f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f0c253f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Professor Shivji:<\/strong> : Je tiens, avant tout, \u00e0 affirmer ceci : aussi importantes que soient les institutions, les id\u00e9es le sont encore plus. Ce sont les id\u00e9es qui d\u00e9terminent la forme des institutions, et non l\u2019inverse. Il est n\u00e9anmoins clair que les id\u00e9es doivent trouver un foyer. Et nos institutions d\u2019enseignement sup\u00e9rieur offrent sans aucun doute un lieu o\u00f9 les id\u00e9es peuvent \u00eatre d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es, nourries, critiqu\u00e9es et d\u00e9fendues, o\u00f9 des probl\u00e8mes br\u00fblants peuvent \u00eatre identifi\u00e9s et th\u00e9oris\u00e9s.   <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4dc7721 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4dc7721\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJe dois cependant faire une mise en garde. Il n\u2019y a pas que les institutions acad\u00e9miques, qui adoptent le plus souvent une posture \u00e9litiste, qui produisent des id\u00e9es car les gens pensent. Les organisations de travailleurs en dehors de ces institutions produisent \u00e9galement des id\u00e9es, m\u00eame si cela ne se fait pas toujours de fa\u00e7on syst\u00e9matique et articul\u00e9e. Il est donc de notre responsabilit\u00e9, en tant qu\u2019intellectuels, d\u2019apprendre de ces id\u00e9es et de ces pratiques et de restituer syst\u00e9matiquement aux gens ce que nous recevons d\u2019eux de mani\u00e8re inarticul\u00e9e.  \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a70a280 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a70a280\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\n    <strong>Thiam, Garba et Ba:<\/strong> \n    <span class=\"highlight\">\n Nous sommes maintenant \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e8re du capitalisme \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale marqu\u00e9e par ce que l\u2019on appelle la 4e R\u00e9volution industrielle et son corollaire, la digitalisation de tous les aspects de la vie. Cette \u00e8re vient avec des d\u00e9fis cons\u00e9quents pour l\u2019immigration, la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 humaine, la d\u00e9mocratie, le capitalisme, et la compr\u00e9hension lib\u00e9rale des droits de l\u2019homme (quelque chose que vous avez critiqu\u00e9). Comment la recherche panafricaine peut-elle nous aider \u00e0 comprendre ce moment ? Quelles formes de luttes intellectuelles devons-nous mener ?  \n    <\/span>\n<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1c9604 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f1c9604\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Professor Shivji:<\/strong> Permettez-moi tout d\u2019abord de dire que nous ne devrions pas \u00eatre hypnotis\u00e9s par de nouvelles terminologies et de nouvelles technologies &#8211; la digitalisation, l\u2019intelligence artificielle, etc. Nous devons les comprendre pleinement, bien s\u00fbr, mais nous devons \u00e9galement comprendre que l\u2019ordre social dominant g\u00e9n\u00e8re constamment de nouvelles formes de domination \u00e0 travers des technologies dures et molles accompagn\u00e9es de nouvelles formes d\u2019h\u00e9g\u00e9monies id\u00e9ologiques. Je ne suis toujours pas convaincu que la robotisation, la num\u00e9risation et l\u2019intelligence artificielle peuvent remplacer l\u2019agentivit\u00e9 humaine. Dans la robotisation et les technologies similaires, il y a le danger latent que la petite classe croissante de forces fascistes d\u00e9termin\u00e9es \u00e0 dominer le monde puisse se lancer, peut-\u00eatre le fait-elle d\u00e9j\u00e0, dans la robotisation (et la machinisation) des \u00eatres humains. C&rsquo;est cela que nous devons combattre de toutes nos forces et avec toute notre cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9 humaine. C&rsquo;est pourquoi la mise en place, dans nos universit\u00e9s, de programmes de recherche critiques dans les sciences humaines et sociales rev\u00eat une importance singuli\u00e8re.     <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a512b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6a512b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDans cette optique, je pense que nous devrions revendiquer et reconfigurer le panafricanisme en tant que perspective mondiale, en tant qu\u2019id\u00e9ologie, en tant que mouvement et en tant que cat\u00e9gorie de pens\u00e9e. A mon avis, le panafricanisme poss\u00e8de, dans l\u2019\u00e9lan de solidarit\u00e9 et les sentiments qui l\u2019animent, une dimension d\u2019humanit\u00e9 et un potentiel humanisant qui lui sont inh\u00e9rents. Osons aller audel\u00e0 de l\u2019id\u00e9ologie des droits de l\u2019homme re\u00e7ue et de la d\u00e9mocratie lib\u00e9rale bas\u00e9e sur l\u2019individualisation des \u00eatres humains pour r\u00e9clamer une solidarit\u00e9 humaine \u00e9l\u00e9mentaire bas\u00e9e sur l\u2019ensemble humain. L\u2019humanit\u00e9 n\u2019est pas simplement une somme agr\u00e9g\u00e9e d\u2019individus abstraits ; au contraire, les individus sont une expression sp\u00e9cifique, concr\u00e8te, diverse et magnifique de l\u2019humanit\u00e9 dans son ensemble. Nous devons rompre les cha\u00eenes de la vision du monde bourgeoise qui nous emprisonnent dans nos conteneurs raciaux, tribaux, ethniques, religieux et confessionnels. Nous faisons partie de l\u2019humanit\u00e9 toute enti\u00e8re, et l\u2019humanit\u00e9 vit en chacun de nous.     \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b32cc0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2b32cc0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\n    <strong>Thiam, Garba and Ba:<\/strong> \n<span class=\"highlight\">\nEn guise de conclusion, quels sont vos derniers mots ?\n<\/span> \n<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b36b23 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5b36b23\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Professor Shivji:<\/strong> \u00c0 la lumi\u00e8re de ce que je viens de dire, je pense que notre t\u00e2che d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui est de lancer une insurrection d\u2019id\u00e9es panafricaines. Il faut avant tout mettre en \u00e9vidence le potentiel \u00e9mancipateur et humanisant du panafricanisme. Nous avons besoin d\u2019une recherche reg\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e, d\u2019une recherche audacieuse, et non d\u2019une recherche qui r\u00e9gurgite. Notre recherche doit \u00eatre ancr\u00e9e dans une recherche fondamentale solide, loin du syndrome de la consultation superficielle. Notre recherche doit \u00eatre pr\u00eate et confiante pour ouvrir de nouvelles voies th\u00e9oriques. Enfin, nos universitaires et intellectuels doivent \u00eatre pr\u00eats \u00e0 d\u00e9fier les pouvoirs en place, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire, dire la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 au pouvoir.    <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d9184d e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2d9184d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7fd8c3 ignoretoc elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a7fd8c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Les auteurs<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38b0172 ignoretoc elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-link-in-bio\" data-id=\"38b0172\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"link-in-bio.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio e-link-in-bio\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image e-link-in-bio__identity-image-profile has-style-circle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Issa-Shivji--225x300.jpg\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image-element\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Issa-Shivji--225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Issa-Shivji-.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bio\">\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"e-link-in-bio__heading\">Issa Shivji<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"e-link-in-bio__title\">Professeur \u00e9m\u00e9rite de droit public et premier professeur Julius Nyerere d\u2019\u00e9tudes panafricaines, Universit\u00e9 de Dar es Salaam, Tanzanie<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icons has-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon is-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a aria-label=\"Email\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-link\" href=\"mailto:issashivji@gmail.com?subject=Contact%20from%20GA%20Bio\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-svg\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__ctas has-type-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/authors\/issa-shivji\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener \" class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta is-type-button has-corners-rounded\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tVoir le profil complet\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60b1421 ignoretoc elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-link-in-bio\" data-id=\"60b1421\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"link-in-bio.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio e-link-in-bio\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image e-link-in-bio__identity-image-profile has-style-circle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Cheikh-Thiam--225x300.jpg\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image-element\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Cheikh-Thiam--225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Cheikh-Thiam--768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Cheikh-Thiam--1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Cheikh-Thiam--1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Cheikh-Thiam--scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bio\">\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"e-link-in-bio__heading\">Cheikh Thiam<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"e-link-in-bio__title\">Professeur d\u2019anglais et d\u2019\u00e9tudes africaines et africaines-am\u00e9ricaines, Amherst College, \u00c9tats-Unis<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"e-link-in-bio__description\">Membre du conseil scientifique, Global Africa<\/p>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icons has-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon is-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a aria-label=\"Email\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-link\" href=\"mailto:cthiam@amherst.edu?subject=Contact%20from%20GA%20Bio\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-svg\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__ctas has-type-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/authors\/cheikh-thiam\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener \" class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta is-type-button has-corners-rounded\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tVoir le profil complet\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ec5154 ignoretoc elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-link-in-bio\" data-id=\"5ec5154\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"link-in-bio.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio e-link-in-bio\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image e-link-in-bio__identity-image-profile has-style-circle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"203\" height=\"203\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Faisal-Garba-.jpg\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image-element\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Faisal-Garba-.jpg 203w, https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Faisal-Garba--150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 203px) 100vw, 203px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bio\">\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"e-link-in-bio__heading\">Faisal Garba<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"e-link-in-bio__title\">Ma\u00eetre de conf\u00e9rences \u00e0 l&#039;universit\u00e9 de Cape Town et professeur associ\u00e9 \u00e0 l&#039;Institut africain de Sharjah<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"e-link-in-bio__description\">R\u00e9dacteur en chef adjoint, Global Africa<\/p>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icons has-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon is-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a aria-label=\"Email\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-link\" href=\"mailto:faisal.garbamuhammed@uct.ac.za?subject=Contact%20from%20GA%20Bio\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-svg\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__ctas has-type-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/authors\/faisal-garba\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener \" class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta is-type-button has-corners-rounded\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tVoir le profil complet\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d1068f ignoretoc elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-link-in-bio\" data-id=\"9d1068f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"link-in-bio.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio e-link-in-bio\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image e-link-in-bio__identity-image-profile has-style-circle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Mame-Penda-Ba-Global-Africa-225x300.jpg\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image-element\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Mame-Penda-Ba-Global-Africa-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Mame-Penda-Ba-Global-Africa.jpg 668w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bio\">\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"e-link-in-bio__heading\">Mame Penda Ba<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"e-link-in-bio__title\">Professeure de sciences politiques,<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"e-link-in-bio__description\">University of Gaston Berger in S\u00e9n\u00e9gal<\/p>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icons has-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon is-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a aria-label=\"Email\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-link\" href=\"mailto:mame-penda.ba@ugb.edu.sn?subject=Contact%20from%20GA%20Bio\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-svg\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__ctas has-type-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/authors\/mame-penda-ba\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener \" class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta is-type-button has-corners-rounded\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tVoir le profil complet\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca44f9b ignoretoc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ca44f9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c9galement dans ce num\u00e9ro<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08ab0bf elementor-grid-1 elementor-grid-tablet-1 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-posts--thumbnail-top elementor-posts--show-avatar elementor-card-shadow-yes elementor-posts__hover-gradient elementor-widget elementor-widget-posts\" data-id=\"08ab0bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_columns&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_row_gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:27,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_columns_tablet&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_columns_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_row_gap_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_row_gap_tablet_extra&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_row_gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_row_gap_mobile_extra&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_row_gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"posts.posts_cards_pp_authors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-posts-container elementor-posts elementor-posts--skin-posts_cards_pp_authors elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-15271 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-revue author-global-africa\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/numero-10-global-africa-savoirs-protecteurs-savoir-proteger\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"1200\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Issue-10-\u2013-Global-AfricaProtective-Knowledges-The-Wisdom-to-Protect-.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-15268\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t        <div class=\"elementor-post__avatar\">\n            <img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/>        <\/div>\n        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/numero-10-global-africa-savoirs-protecteurs-savoir-proteger\/\" target=&quot;_blank&quot;>\n\t\t\t\tNum\u00e9ro 10 \u2013 Global Africa\u00ab Savoirs protecteurs, savoir prot\u00e9ger \u00bb\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/numero-10-global-africa-savoirs-protecteurs-savoir-proteger\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur Num\u00e9ro 10 \u2013 Global Africa\u00ab Savoirs protecteurs, savoir prot\u00e9ger \u00bb\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\tRead More \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t        <span class=\"elementor-post-author\">\n\t\t\tGlobal Africa\t\t<\/span>\n        \t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-15509 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-analyses-critiques author-karine-collette-fr author-ibrahima-ba-fr\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/terre-mere-trace-discursive-dune-emancipation-ecologique-au-nord-et-au-sud\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"527\" height=\"752\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Capture-decran-2025-06-27-a-19.19.41.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-14990\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Capture-decran-2025-06-27-a-19.19.41.png 527w, https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Capture-decran-2025-06-27-a-19.19.41-210x300.png 210w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 527px) 100vw, 527px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t        <div class=\"elementor-post__avatar\">\n            <img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/><img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/>        <\/div>\n        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/terre-mere-trace-discursive-dune-emancipation-ecologique-au-nord-et-au-sud\/\" target=&quot;_blank&quot;>\n\t\t\t\tTerre-M\u00e8re : trace discursive d\u2019une \u00e9mancipation \u00e9cologique au Nord et au Sud ?\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/terre-mere-trace-discursive-dune-emancipation-ecologique-au-nord-et-au-sud\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur Terre-M\u00e8re : trace discursive d\u2019une \u00e9mancipation \u00e9cologique au Nord et au Sud ?\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\tRead More \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t        <span class=\"elementor-post-author\">\n\t\t\tKarine Collette, Ibrahima Ba\t\t<\/span>\n        \t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-15517 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-champ author-cheikh-sadibou-sakho-fr author-masengesho-kamuzinzi-fr\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/we-heal-together-un-savoir-protecteur-par-excellence-qui-sinspire-de-lheritage-africain-ou-les-responsabilites-envers-soi-et-envers-autrui-sont-indissociables\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"527\" height=\"752\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Capture-decran-2025-06-27-a-19.18.04.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-14982\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t        <div class=\"elementor-post__avatar\">\n            <img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Cheikh-Sadibou-Sakho-.webp' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Cheikh-Sadibou-Sakho-.webp' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/><img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/>        <\/div>\n        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/we-heal-together-un-savoir-protecteur-par-excellence-qui-sinspire-de-lheritage-africain-ou-les-responsabilites-envers-soi-et-envers-autrui-sont-indissociables\/\" target=&quot;_blank&quot;>\n\t\t\t\t\u00ab We Heal Together \u00bb, un savoir protecteur par excellence qui s\u2019inspire de l\u2019h\u00e9ritage africain, o\u00f9 les responsabilit\u00e9s envers soi et envers autrui sont indissociables\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/we-heal-together-un-savoir-protecteur-par-excellence-qui-sinspire-de-lheritage-africain-ou-les-responsabilites-envers-soi-et-envers-autrui-sont-indissociables\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur \u00ab We Heal Together \u00bb, un savoir protecteur par excellence qui s\u2019inspire de l\u2019h\u00e9ritage africain, o\u00f9 les responsabilit\u00e9s envers soi et envers autrui sont indissociables\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\tRead More \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t        <span class=\"elementor-post-author\">\n\t\t\tCheikh Sadibou Sakho, Masengesho Kamuzinzi\t\t<\/span>\n        \t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-15523 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-analyses-critiques author-cheikh-sadibou-sakho-fr author-ndeye-laity-ndiaye-fr\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/it-takes-a-village-reinventer-la-mise-a-labri-des-survivantes-de-violences-sexuelles-au-senegalpistes-a-partir-de-lexperience-du-centre-kullimaaroo-de-ziguinchor\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"527\" height=\"752\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Capture-decran-2025-06-27-a-19.17.22.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-14992\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t        <div class=\"elementor-post__avatar\">\n            <img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Cheikh-Sadibou-Sakho-.webp' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Cheikh-Sadibou-Sakho-.webp' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/><img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/>        <\/div>\n        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/it-takes-a-village-reinventer-la-mise-a-labri-des-survivantes-de-violences-sexuelles-au-senegalpistes-a-partir-de-lexperience-du-centre-kullimaaroo-de-ziguinchor\/\" target=&quot;_blank&quot;>\n\t\t\t\tIt Takes a Village! (R\u00e9)inventer la mise \u00e0 l\u2019abri des survivantes de violences sexuelles au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal<br>Pistes \u00e0 partir de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience du centre Kullimaaroo de Ziguinchor\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/it-takes-a-village-reinventer-la-mise-a-labri-des-survivantes-de-violences-sexuelles-au-senegalpistes-a-partir-de-lexperience-du-centre-kullimaaroo-de-ziguinchor\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur It Takes a Village! (R\u00e9)inventer la mise \u00e0 l\u2019abri des survivantes de violences sexuelles au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal&lt;br&gt;Pistes \u00e0 partir de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience du centre Kullimaaroo de Ziguinchor\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\tRead More \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t        <span class=\"elementor-post-author\">\n\t\t\tCheikh Sadibou Sakho, Nd\u00e8ye La\u00efty Ndiaye\t\t<\/span>\n        \t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e590199 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e590199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3dd1381 elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-adv-tabs\" data-id=\"3dd1381\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-adv-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t        <div data-scroll-on-click=\"no\" data-scroll-speed=\"300\" id=\"eael-advance-tabs-3dd1381\" class=\"eael-advance-tabs eael-tabs-horizontal eael-tab-auto-active  responsive-vertical-layout\" data-tabid=\"3dd1381\">\n            <div class=\"eael-tabs-nav \">\n                <ul class=\"eael-tab-inline-icon\" role=\"tablist\">\n                                            <li id=\"pour-citer-larticle-\" class=\"active-default eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"pour-citer-larticle--tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <i class=\"fas fa-quote-left\"><\/i>                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Pour citer l&rsquo;article :<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"notes\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"notes-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <i class=\"fas fa-notes-medical\"><\/i>                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Notes<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"bibliographie\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"bibliographie-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <i class=\"fas fa-book\"><\/i>                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Bibliographie<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                    \n                                  <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"eael-tabs-content\">\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"pour-citer-larticle--tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item active-default\" data-title-link=\"pour-citer-larticle--tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <h5>APA<\/h5>\n<p>Shivji, I. (2023). Notre t\u00e2che d\u2019aujourd&rsquo;hui est de lancer une insurrection d&rsquo;id\u00e9es panafricaines. Global Africa, 4, pp. 52-56.   <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57832\/02f7-pk91\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57832\/02f7-pk91<\/a><\/p>\n<h5>MLA<\/h5>\n<p>Shivji, Issa. \u00ab Notre t\u00e2che d\u2019aujourd&rsquo;hui est de lancer une insurrection d&rsquo;id\u00e9es panafricaines \u00bb. Global Africa, no. 4, 2023, p. 52-56. doi.org\/10.57832\/ykmb-hh73   <\/p>\n<h5>DOI<\/h5>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57832\/02f7-pk91\"><br \/>\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.57832\/02f7-pk91<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00a9 2023 by author(s). This work is openly licensed via CC BY-NC 4.0 <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"notes-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"notes-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <ol>\n<li>[1] Pour l&rsquo;essai original ainsi que les commentaires, veuillez consulter Issa Shivji et al. (1973). The Silent Class Struggle, Dar es Salaam : Tanzania Publishing House. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"bibliographie-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"bibliographie-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t                            <\/div>\n\t\t                    <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5aff930 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5aff930\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc34b86 elementor-widget elementor-widget-off-canvas\" data-id=\"fc34b86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"off-canvas.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"off-canvas-fc34b86\" class=\"e-off-canvas\" role=\"dialog\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Off-Canvas\" aria-modal=\"true\" inert=\"\" data-delay-child-handlers=\"true\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-off-canvas__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-off-canvas__main\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-off-canvas__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c44bf9 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6c44bf9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7016ebd elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"7016ebd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:&quot;.ignoretoc&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No headings were found on this 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable des mati\u00e8res\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__7016ebd\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Ouvrir la table des mati\u00e8res\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__7016ebd\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Fermer la table des mati\u00e8res\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-up\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__7016ebd\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6c3fb2 elementor-post-navigation-borders-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-navigation\" data-id=\"d6c3fb2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-navigation.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post-navigation\" role=\"navigation\" aria-label=\"Navigation de publication\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post-navigation__prev elementor-post-navigation__link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post-navigation__separator-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post-navigation__separator\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post-navigation__next elementor-post-navigation__link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f37442b elementor-fixed e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-creative-button\" data-id=\"f37442b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_position&quot;:&quot;fixed&quot;,&quot;_transform_rotateZ_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:90,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_rotateZ_effect_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;deg&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_rotateZ_effect_tablet_extra&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;deg&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_rotateZ_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;deg&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_rotateZ_effect_mobile_extra&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;deg&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_rotateZ_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;deg&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"eael-creative-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"eael-creative-button-wrapper\">\n\n            <a class=\"eael-creative-button eael-creative-button--default eael-cb-icon-position-\" href=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Doff_canvas%3Aopen%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ImZjMzRiODYiLCJkaXNwbGF5TW9kZSI6Im9wZW4ifQ%3D%3D\" data-text=\"Allez-y !\">\n            \t    \n                <div class=\"creative-button-inner\">\n\n                    \n                    <span class=\"cretive-button-text\">Table des mati\u00e8res<\/span>\n\n                                    <\/div>\n\t                        <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Num\u00e9ro 04 &#8211; Shot This post is also available in: English Fran\u00e7ais (French) T\u00c9L\u00c9CHARGER EN PDF 04.2023Th\u00e9oriser le pr\u00e9sent et le futur : Afrique, production de savoirs et enjeux globaux Publi\u00e9 le : 20 d\u00e9cembre 2023ISSN: 3020-0458 T\u00c9L\u00c9CHARGER LE NUM\u00c9RO PDF Abstract R\u00e9sum\u00e9 Muhtasari \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \/\/\/ \/\/\/ \/\/\/ \/\/\/ Thiam, Garba et Ba: Prof. Shivji, vous \u00eates une \u00e9minente figure des \u00e9tudes africaines, discipline vou\u00e9e \u00e0 la transformation sociale. Vous \u00eates la mat\u00e9rialisation du mouvement progressiste dans son engagement pour la dignit\u00e9 africaine (et humaine). Comment d\u00e9finiriezvous\/d\u00e9cririez-vous\/situeriez-vous votre formation, vos recherches et votre engagement pour la recherche africaine ? Professor Shivji: J\u2019ai int\u00e9gr\u00e9 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Dar es Salaam, qui \u00e9tait alors un coll\u00e8ge universitaire de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de l\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Est, en 1967. Nous \u00e9tions la premi\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9ration \u00e0 int\u00e9grer l\u2019universit\u00e9 apr\u00e8s la D\u00e9claration d\u2019Arusha. Comme vous le savez, la D\u00e9claration d\u2019Arusha sur le socialisme et l\u2019autosuffisance \u00e9tait la feuille de route du parti au pouvoir dans son projet de construire un pays socialiste sous Julius Nyerere. Le campus \u00e9tait anim\u00e9, avec des d\u00e9bats et des discussions, \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur et en dehors des salles de classe, sur le socialisme et le r\u00f4le de l\u2019universit\u00e9 et des intellectuels dans le processus politique de l\u2019\u00e9poque. Il est important de noter que ces d\u00e9bats se d\u00e9roulaient dans un contexte international marqu\u00e9 par des luttes \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale. Il y avait la lutte des mouvements de lib\u00e9ration d\u2019Afrique australe contre le colonialisme portugais et les r\u00e9gimes coloniaux blancs au Zimbabwe, en Namibie et dans le contexte de l\u2019apartheid en Afrique du Sud. Plusieurs de ces mouvements \u00e9taient bas\u00e9s en Tanzanie et b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaient d\u2019un soutien total de l\u2019\u00c9tat et du parti au pouvoir de Nyerere. Le mouvement des droits civiques aux \u00c9tats-Unis \u00e9tait aussi \u00e0 son pinacle. Il y avait partout dans le monde des manifestations et des marches contre les bombardements massifs des \u00c9tats-Unis au Vietnam. En 1968, les \u00e9tudiants fran\u00e7ais avaient presque r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 renverser le gouvernement de De Gaulle. La Chine \u00e9tait au c\u0153ur de sa R\u00e9volution culturelle. Et partout ailleurs, se tenaient des d\u00e9bats v\u00e9h\u00e9ments sur le marxisme et la politique de la gauche en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral. Bref, la r\u00e9volution \u00e9tait \u00e0 son apog\u00e9e, comme l\u2019aurait dit Samir Amin. C\u2019est dans ce contexte que s\u2019est radicalis\u00e9 un petit groupe d\u2019\u00e9tudiants venus de toute l\u2019Afrique. Certains professeurs nous expos\u00e8rent \u00e0 une incroyable vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de litt\u00e9ratures radicales comme, entre autres, des auteurs tels que Frantz Fanon, C. L. R James, Kwame Nkrumah, Amilcar Cabral et bien s\u00fbr Marx, Engels, L\u00e9nine, Mao et des \u00e9crivains marxistes de diff\u00e9rentes \u00e9coles. Ces \u00e9tudiants form\u00e8rent ainsi leur c\u00e9l\u00e8bre organisation, le Front R\u00e9volutionnaire des \u00c9tudiants Africains de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 (USARF), qui publiait le magazine Cheche, \u00ab L\u2019\u00c9tincelle \u00bb, en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 l\u2019Iskra de L\u00e9nine et \u00e0 l\u2019\u00ab \u00c9tincelle \u00bb de Nkrumah. Durant ma troisi\u00e8me ann\u00e9e d\u2019\u00e9tudes de droit, Cheche publia mon essai, relativement long, intitul\u00e9 \u00ab Tanzanie : La silencieuse lutte des classes \u00bb, sous forme de num\u00e9ro sp\u00e9cial en septembre 1970. Il ne s\u2019agissait pas d\u2019un plaidoyer de classe ou d\u2019un exercice acad\u00e9mique. Ma motivation imm\u00e9diate est d\u00e9crite dans l\u2019introduction que je cite ci-dessous pour donner \u00e0 vos lecteurs le ton de l\u2019\u00e9poque : La situation actuelle en Tanzanie semble \u00e0 la fois confuse et d\u00e9concertante. Cela est d\u2019autant plus vrai qu\u2019aucune tentative d\u2019analyse scientifique de la formation socio-\u00e9conomique en Tanzanie n\u2019a encore \u00e9t\u00e9 faite. Le vide laiss\u00e9 par ce manque d\u2019analyse rigoureuse de la situation a laiss\u00e9 libre court au ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne dangereux qui consiste \u00e0 substituer, \u00e0 ce vide, les platitudes, le verbiage ou la r\u00e9citation de slogans creux. [&#8230;] La psychologie ainsi que les attitudes et les d\u00e9clarations des uns et des autres sont de plus en plus consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme plus importantes que les conditions mat\u00e9rielles concr\u00e8tes et objectives du peuple comme crit\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9valuation des actions particuli\u00e8res. La vision \u00e0 long terme a \u00e9t\u00e9 rel\u00e9gu\u00e9e au second rang. &#8230; Les apparences passent pour la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 tandis que l\u2019analyse correcte de la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 est re\u00e7ue avec m\u00e9pris et ignorance sinon condamn\u00e9e comme \u2018doctrinaire\u2019. Le subjectivisme est sur le point de triompher ! L\u2019essai a suscit\u00e9 un vif d\u00e9bat. Entre autres, Walter Rodney, Joh Saul, Thomas Szentes, Kassim Guruli et Justinian Rweyemamu contribu\u00e8rent aux discussions1 . Vous m\u2019avez aussi pos\u00e9 une question sur la recherche. \u00c0 cette \u00e9poque, le corps professoral de l\u2019universit\u00e9 faisait de la recherche fondamentale. Ce qui n\u2019\u00e9tait pas simplement une activit\u00e9 acad\u00e9mique. C\u2019\u00e9tait une recherche engag\u00e9e et d\u00e9termin\u00e9e visant \u00e0 comprendre la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 et \u00e0 l\u2019interpr\u00e9ter afin de la changer. Ma propre recherche et mes publications ont \u00e9t\u00e9 influenc\u00e9es par cette tradition. Thiam, Garba et Ba: Votre long et s\u00e9rieux engagement avec des institutions qui ont jou\u00e9 des r\u00f4les essentiels dans la promotion des sciences sociales sur le continent africain, telles que l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Dar es Salaam, l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Makerere, l\u2019Institut d\u2019\u00e9tudes africaines \u00e0 Accra l\u2019Universit\u00e9 du Ghana et le CODESRIA, fait de vous un t\u00e9moin privil\u00e9gi\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9volution de la recherche africaine. Pouvez-vous fournir des \u00e9clairages sur les moments historiques qui ont marqu\u00e9 les visions de ces institutions. Professor Shivji: Avec le recul, [on peut dire qu\u2019il] y a deux moments cruciaux dans la recherche et le d\u00e9veloppement des sciences sociales sur le continent : le moment nationaliste et le moment n\u00e9olib\u00e9ral. Il y a \u00e9galement eu le moment de transition entre les deux, celui des programmes d\u2019ajustement structurel et de ses diverses it\u00e9rations. Le moment nationaliste a engendr\u00e9 deux \u00e9coles : une bas\u00e9e sur des th\u00e9ories re\u00e7ues telles que la modernisation, et une autre enracin\u00e9e dans la r\u00e9action nationaliste. C\u2019est le cas de l\u2019\u00e9cole nationaliste d\u2019histoire, qui cherchait \u00e0 identifier et \u00e0 mettre en avant le sujet africain. Dans des institutions radicales comme le CODESRIA, la dimension panafricaine du nationalisme \u00e9tait un r\u00e9f\u00e9rent important, bien qu\u2019elle n\u2019\u00e9tait pas toujours au premier plan. L\u2019\u00e9cole de la d\u00e9pendance et du sous-d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9tait bien pr\u00e9sente au sein de l\u2019\u00e9cole nationaliste, elle allait au-del\u00e0 de la simple recherche d\u2019une agenc\u00e9it\u00e9 africaine mais voulait d\u00e9crire l\u2019insertion du continent dans le syst\u00e8me capitaliste mondial. Il est important de souligner deux<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":56,"featured_media":6647,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[211],"tags":[],"issues3":[],"post_folder":[],"ppma_author":[493],"class_list":["post-10133","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-champ","author-issa-shivji-fr"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Notre t\u00e2che d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui est de lancer une insurrection d\u2019id\u00e9es panafricaines | Global Africa<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Explorez *Notre t\u00e2che d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui est de lancer une insurrection d\u2019id\u00e9es panafricaines* \u2013 un appel \u00e0 l&#039;action pour faire progresser le panafricanisme\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" 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