{"id":10106,"date":"2024-12-01T14:59:13","date_gmt":"2024-12-01T14:59:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/actualites\/collecter-des-donnees-sur-des-experiences-et-attitudes-sensibles-le-cas-du-mali\/"},"modified":"2025-11-22T13:06:26","modified_gmt":"2025-11-22T13:06:26","slug":"collecter-des-donnees-sur-des-experiences-et-attitudes-sensibles-le-cas-du-mali","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/collecter-des-donnees-sur-des-experiences-et-attitudes-sensibles-le-cas-du-mali\/","title":{"rendered":"Collecter des donn\u00e9es sur des exp\u00e9riences et attitudes sensibles : le cas du Mali"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"10106\" class=\"elementor elementor-10106\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-036a802 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"036a802\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d1d7910 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d1d7910\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c21c9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7c21c9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Num\u00e9ro 04 - M\u00e9thodes<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d50de74 e-grid e-con-full wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d50de74\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d9e112 elementor-author-box--link-yes ignoretoc elementor-author-box--avatar-yes elementor-author-box--name-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-author-box\" data-id=\"7d9e112\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"author-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/author\/olivia-bertelli-fr\/\" class=\"elementor-author-box__avatar\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Olivia-Bertelli-.webp\" alt=\"Image de Olivia Bertelli\" loading=\"lazy\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/author\/olivia-bertelli-fr\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-author-box__name\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOlivia Bertelli\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-author-box__button elementor-button elementor-size-xs\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/author\/olivia-bertelli-fr\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tTous les articles de l'auteur\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce2fc19 ignoretoc elementor-widget elementor-widget-author-box\" data-id=\"ce2fc19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"author-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/authors\/thomas-calvo\" class=\"elementor-author-box__avatar\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Thomas-Calvo--225x300.webp\" alt=\"Image de Thomas Calvo\" loading=\"lazy\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/authors\/thomas-calvo\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-author-box__name\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThomas Calvo\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-author-box__button elementor-button elementor-size-xs\" href=\"\/authors\/thomas-calvo\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tTous les articles de l'auteur\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d4f53d ignoretoc elementor-widget elementor-widget-author-box\" data-id=\"6d4f53d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"author-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/authors\/massa-coulibaly\" class=\"elementor-author-box__avatar\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Massa-Coulibaly--225x300.webp\" alt=\"Image de Massa Coulibaly\" loading=\"lazy\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/authors\/massa-coulibaly\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-author-box__name\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMassa Coulibaly\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-author-box__button elementor-button elementor-size-xs\" href=\"\/authors\/massa-coulibaly\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tTous les articles de l'auteur\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d71a6df ignoretoc elementor-widget elementor-widget-author-box\" data-id=\"d71a6df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"author-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/authors\/moussa-coulibaly\" class=\"elementor-author-box__avatar\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Moussa-Coulibaly--225x300.webp\" alt=\"Image de Moussa Coulibaly\" loading=\"lazy\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/authors\/moussa-coulibaly\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-author-box__name\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMoussa Coulibaly\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-author-box__button elementor-button elementor-size-xs\" href=\"\/authors\/moussa-coulibaly\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tTous les articles de l'auteur\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bce1125 ignoretoc elementor-widget elementor-widget-author-box\" data-id=\"bce1125\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"author-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/authors\/emmanuelle-lavallee\" class=\"elementor-author-box__avatar\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Emmanuelle-Lavallee--225x300.jpg\" alt=\"Image de Emmanuelle Lavall\u00e9e\" loading=\"lazy\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/authors\/emmanuelle-lavallee\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-author-box__name\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEmmanuelle Lavall\u00e9e\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-author-box__button elementor-button elementor-size-xs\" href=\"\/authors\/emmanuelle-lavallee\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tTous les articles de l'auteur\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a81ba5 ignoretoc elementor-widget elementor-widget-author-box\" data-id=\"5a81ba5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"author-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/authors\/marion-mercier\" class=\"elementor-author-box__avatar\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Marion-Mercier--225x300.webp\" alt=\"Image de Marion Mercier\" loading=\"lazy\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/authors\/marion-mercier\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-author-box__name\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMarion Mercier\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-author-box__button elementor-button elementor-size-xs\" href=\"\/authors\/marion-mercier\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tTous les articles de l'auteur\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a73b90 ignoretoc elementor-widget elementor-widget-author-box\" data-id=\"2a73b90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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Traor\u00e9\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-author-box__button elementor-button elementor-size-xs\" href=\"http:\/\/auteurs\/ousmane-z.-traore\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tTous les articles de l'auteur\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5182bb3 ignoretoc elementor-widget elementor-widget-wpml-language-switcher\" data-id=\"5182bb3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wpml-language-switcher.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpml-elementor-ls\"><p class=\"wpml-ls-statics-post_translations wpml-ls\">This post is also available in: \n<span role=\"menu\">\n    <span class=\"wpml-ls-slot-post_translations wpml-ls-item wpml-ls-item-en wpml-ls-first-item wpml-ls-item-legacy-post-translations\" role=\"none\"><a 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fa-file-pdf\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">T\u00c9L\u00c9CHARGER EN PDF<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2724b9e e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2724b9e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f03e25c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f03e25c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"\/num\u00e9ro\/Th\u00e9oriser%20le%20pr\u00e9sent%20et%20le%20futur%20:Afrique,%20production%20de%20savoirs%20et%20enjeux%20globaux%20\">04.2023<br>Th\u00e9oriser le pr\u00e9sent et le futur : Afrique, production de savoirs et enjeux globaux<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2b07a4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2b07a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Publi\u00e9 le : 20 d\u00e9cembre 2023<br><\/strong><strong>ISSN: 3020-0458<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38d84bf elementor-align-center elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"38d84bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Global-Africa-Issue-04-Theorizing-for-the-Present-and-the-Future-Africa-Knowledge-creation-and-Global-Challenges.pdf\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">T\u00c9L\u00c9CHARGER LE NUM\u00c9RO PDF<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5db791 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b5db791\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/GA-Issue-07-1.jpg\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1240\" height=\"1754\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Global-Africa-Issue-04-Theorizing-for-the-Present-and-the-Future-Africa-Knowledge-Creation-and-Global-Challenges.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-1280\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae2d51c e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ae2d51c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c8215e e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3c8215e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa2f8e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-adv-tabs\" data-id=\"fa2f8e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-adv-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t        <div data-scroll-on-click=\"no\" data-scroll-speed=\"300\" id=\"eael-advance-tabs-fa2f8e7\" class=\"eael-advance-tabs eael-tabs-horizontal eael-tab-auto-active  responsive-vertical-layout\" data-tabid=\"fa2f8e7\">\n            <div class=\"eael-tabs-nav \">\n                <ul class=\"eael-tab-inline-icon\" role=\"tablist\">\n                                            <li id=\"abstract\" class=\"active-default eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"abstract-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg\" alt=\"\">\n                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Abstract<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"rsum\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"rsum-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Flag_of_France.svg\" alt=\"\">\n                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >R\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"muhtasari\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"muhtasari-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Flag_of_Kenya.svg\" alt=\"\">\n                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Muhtasari<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"900\" height=\"600\" viewBox=\"0 0 900 600\"><path id=\"green\" d=\"m0 600h900v-600h-900z\" fill=\"#005430\" stroke-width=\".375\"><\/path><g id=\"white\" transform=\"scale(.375)\"><g id=\"shahada\"><g transform=\"matrix(7.3042,0,0,-6.7531,1800,635.53)\"><path d=\"m0 0c-0.023 4.162-1.516 15.373-1.895 19.134-0.378 3.761-0.759 7.173-0.667 7.972 0.09 0.771 1.187-1.072 1.767-1.221 0.3 0.065 0.166 1.229-0.379 2.223-0.369 0.675-1.627 3.199-2.39 4.678-0.359 0.7-0.439 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9.5751zm55.596-39.026h-100.92c7.7559-5.5971 11.824-13.766 10.732-22.029-0.6964-5.2089-5.8571-9.099-12.147-9.6264h-3.1596c-7.6532 0.7472-13.203 6.2637-12.396 12.322l0.3079 2.3297 0.3738 3.5824c0.4106 4.4982 0.015 9.0183-1.2535 13.421h-745.97c11.077 16.117 31.273 26 53.082 25.985l680.71-0.4178c-7.7852 5.6044-11.868 13.788-10.769 22.066 0.8064 6.0585 7.6533 10.374 15.307 9.6263 7.6459-0.7472 13.195-6.2637 12.396-12.33l-0.3079-2.3223h40.004c0.7037 3.9048 4.6037 6.9011 9.354 6.9011s8.6502-2.9963 9.3613-6.9011h40.693v-0.095c8.4963 6.0294 19.294 9.4946 30.716 9.4946 10.747 0 19.456-7.4652 19.456-16.681v-4.8205c0-16.842-15.922-30.506-35.569-30.506\" fill=\"#fff\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg>                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                    \n                                  <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"eael-tabs-content\">\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"abstract-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item active-default\" data-title-link=\"abstract-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <div id=\"bgLayers_comp-lq4x0abw5\" class=\"MW5IWV\">\n<div id=\"bgMedia_comp-lq4x0abw5\" class=\"VgO9Yg\">In standard household surveys, the data collected are exposed to response bias, particularly for questions considered sensitive. The List Experiment method is an alternative survey technique for limiting these biases. This article presents the results of an experimental survey conducted using this method with 1,509 individuals throughout Mali. Individuals were surveyed by telephone during the summer of 2021 about their experiences and political attitudes related to insecurity. From a methodological point of view, we have drawn a number of lessons from the survey: among others, a very good understanding and acceptability of the method by the respondents, due in particular to the quality of the interviewers and supervisors; the need for a more complex sample design than for a standard questionnaire; and the importance of a short questionnaire when surveying by telephone. From an analytical point of view, the survey reveals the existence of significant social desirability biases &#8211; particularly for questions concerning political attitudes in relation to insecurity.     <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div id=\"comp-lq4x0abx6__fa83b4ff-f2f5-4583-82a2-3fca21bc7d13\" class=\"HcOXKn c9GqVL QxJLC3 lq2cno comp-lq4x0abx6 wixui-rich-text\">\n<h5> <\/h5>\n<h5 class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\">Keywords<\/h5>\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\">Phone survey, Social desirability, Mali, <em>List Experiment<\/em>, Security<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"rsum-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"rsum-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\">Dans les enqu\u00eates standards aupr\u00e8s des m\u00e9nages, les donn\u00e9es collect\u00e9es sont expos\u00e9es \u00e0 des biais de r\u00e9ponses, particuli\u00e8rement pour les questions consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme sensibles. La m\u00e9thode par comptage de r\u00e9ponses est une technique d\u2019enqu\u00eate alternative permettant de limiter ces biais. Cet article pr\u00e9sente les r\u00e9sultats d\u2019une enqu\u00eate exp\u00e9rimentale men\u00e9e selon cette m\u00e9thode aupr\u00e8s de 1 509 individus sur l\u2019ensemble du territoire malien. Les personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 sond\u00e9es par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone durant l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 2021 \u00e0 propos d\u2019exp\u00e9riences et d\u2019attitudes politiques li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9. D\u2019un point de vue m\u00e9thodologique, nous en tirons plusieurs enseignements : entre autres, une tr\u00e8s bonne compr\u00e9hension et acceptabilit\u00e9 de la m\u00e9thode par les enqu\u00eat\u00e9\u00b7e\u00b7s, qui tient notamment \u00e0 la qualit\u00e9 des enqu\u00eateur\u00b7trice\u00b7s et des superviseur\u00b7se\u00b7s ; la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019un plan de sondage plus complexe que pour un questionnaire standard ; et l\u2019importance d\u2019un questionnaire court lorsqu\u2019on enqu\u00eate par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone. Du point de vue analytique, l\u2019enqu\u00eate fait ressortir l\u2019existence de biais d\u00e9claratifs significatifs \u2013 notamment pour les questions portant sur les pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences politiques en lien avec l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9.     <\/p>\n<h5 class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\">Mots-cl\u00e9s<\/h5>\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\">Enqu\u00eate t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique, biais d\u00e9claratif, Mali,<em class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\"> List experiment<\/em>, s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"muhtasari-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"muhtasari-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <div id=\"bgLayers_comp-lq4x0abh5\" class=\"MW5IWV\">\n<div id=\"bgMedia_comp-lq4x0abh5\" class=\"VgO9Yg\"><strong class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\">Kukusanya data kuhusu uzoefu na mitazamo nyeti: kesi ya Mali<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div id=\"comp-lq4x0abi6__fa83b4ff-f2f5-4583-82a2-3fca21bc7d13\" class=\"HcOXKn c9GqVL QxJLC3 lq2cno comp-lq4x0abi6 wixui-rich-text\">\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\">Katika tafiti za kawaida za kaya, data iliyokusanywa inakabiliwa na upendeleo wa majibu, hasa kwa maswali yanayozingatiwa kuwa nyeti. Mbinu ya kuhesabu majibu ni mbinu mbadala ya uchunguzi ili kupunguza upendeleo huu. Makala haya yanawasilisha matokeo ya uchunguzi wa majaribio uliofanywa kwa kutumia mbinu hii miongoni mwa watu 1,509 katika eneo lote la Mali. Watu walihojiwa kwa simu wakati wa kiangazi cha 2021 kuhusu uzoefu na mitazamo ya kisiasa inayohusiana na ukosefu wa usalama. Kutoka kwa mtazamo wa mbinu, tunatoa masomo kadhaa: kati ya wengine, uelewa mzuri sana na kukubalika kwa njia na wahojiwa, ambayo ni kutokana na ubora wa wachunguzi na wasimamizi wake; hitaji la mpango mgumu zaidi wa sampuli kuliko dodoso la kawaida; na umuhimu wa dodoso fupi wakati wa upimaji kwa njia ya simu. Kwa mtazamo wa uchanganuzi, uchunguzi unaangazia kuwepo kwa upendeleo mkubwa wa kutangaza &#8211; hasa kwa maswali yanayohusiana na mapendekezo ya kisiasa yanayohusishwa na ukosefu wa usalama.     <\/p>\n<h5 class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\">Maneno muhimu<\/h5>\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\">Utafiti wa simu, upendeleo wa kuripoti, Mali, Jaribio la orodha, usalama<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <div id=\"bgLayers_comp-lq4x0ab8\" class=\"MW5IWV\"> <\/div>\n<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div id=\"comp-lq4x0ab94__fa83b4ff-f2f5-4583-82a2-3fca21bc7d13\" class=\"HcOXKn c9GqVL QxJLC3 lq2cno comp-lq4x0ab94 wixui-rich-text\">\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><strong class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\">\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0633\u0629 : \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\">\u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064c\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0633\u0629 [\u0648\u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644]. 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\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f (1509) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u064a\u0641 2021 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646. \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0646 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\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 [\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0643\u0651\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647] \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646.    <\/p>\n<h5 class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\">\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d<\/h5>\n<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\">\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629- \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626- \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a &#8211; \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629- \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t                    <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bdd5927 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bdd5927\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Introduction<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21a2157 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"21a2157\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dans les enqu\u00eates standards en face-\u00e0-face, certains individus peuvent \u00eatre r\u00e9ticents \u00e0 d\u00e9voiler des informations personnelles concernant leurs exp\u00e9riences et leurs pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences, par crainte d\u2019un manque de confidentialit\u00e9 ou pour se conformer \u00e0 la norme sociale pr\u00e9valente. Les questions sensibles peuvent aussi cr\u00e9er une g\u00eane ou un stress lorsqu\u2019elles portent sur des exp\u00e9riences douloureuses ou des sujets controvers\u00e9s.<\/p><p>Face \u00e0 ces possibles biais de mesure, l\u2019enqu\u00eate, ici d\u00e9nomm\u00e9e \u00ab LE Ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00bb, a combin\u00e9 deux m\u00e9thodes diff\u00e9rentes : des questions directes et un protocole exp\u00e9rimental bas\u00e9 sur la m\u00e9thode par comptage de r\u00e9ponses. Cette derni\u00e8re \u00e9vite aux personnes interrog\u00e9es de d\u00e9voiler directement l\u2019information qui les concerne, et permet ainsi, en \u00e9vitant toute forme d\u2019intrusion, de mesurer les taux de pr\u00e9valence exempts de biais d\u00e9claratifs.\u00a0<\/p><p>La m\u00e9thode par comptage de r\u00e9ponses (\u00ab LE \u00bb pour <i>list experiment<\/i>, aussi appel\u00e9e <i>item-count technique<\/i>) a \u00e9t\u00e9 mobilis\u00e9e dans des contextes divers pour documenter les biais d\u00e9claratifs portant sur une grande vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de comportements, comme le vote (Holbrook &amp; Krosnick, 2010), l\u2019utilisation de pr\u00eats (Karlan &amp; Zinman, 2012), le fait d\u2019avoir subi des actes de violence physique (Porter et al., 2021), les comportements sexuels (Jamison et al., 2013 ; Coffman et al., 2017), l\u2019utilisation de pr\u00e9servatifs chez les travailleuses du sexe (Treibich &amp; L\u00e9pine, 2019 ; L\u00e9pine et al., 2020) et les violences domestiques ou conjugales (voir par exemple Joseph et al., 2017 ; Ag\u00fcero &amp; Frisancho, 2022 ; Cullen, 2023). Des LE ont aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9es pour mesurer les biais de r\u00e9ponses portant sur les opinons sur le mariage des enfants (Asadullah et al., 2021) ou l\u2019excision (De Cao &amp; Lutz, 2018 ; Gibson et al., 2018).\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00c0 notre connaissance, l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 de cette m\u00e9thode, compar\u00e9e au questionnement direct, pour mesurer des exp\u00e9riences et attitudes vis-\u00e0-vis de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans un contexte de conflit n\u2019a pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 examin\u00e9e par la litt\u00e9rature. C\u2019est l\u2019objectif de l\u2019enqu\u00eate \u00ab LE Ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00bb, men\u00e9e au Mali en juillet 2021[1] . Plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment, l\u2019enqu\u00eate visait \u00e0 mesurer la pr\u00e9valence de cinq exp\u00e9riences et attitudes li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 et au conflit au sein de la population malienne, ainsi que les biais d\u00e9claratifs qui peuvent caract\u00e9riser ces questions sensibles lorsqu\u2019elles sont pos\u00e9es de mani\u00e8re directe. Le pr\u00e9sent article propose un retour d\u2019exp\u00e9rience sur cette enqu\u00eate, dans le but d\u2019appr\u00e9cier, d\u2019une part, la faisabilit\u00e9 d\u2019un dispositif d\u2019enqu\u00eate LE et, d\u2019autre part, son efficacit\u00e9 par rapport \u00e0 la m\u00e9thode standard d\u2019enqu\u00eate par questions directes, dans le contexte d\u2019un \u00e9tat fragile et autour de questions sensibles li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9.<\/p><p>La base de sondage nationale \u00e0 partir de laquelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9 l\u2019\u00e9chantillon a \u00e9t\u00e9 fournie par l\u2019Institut national de la statistique du Mali (Instat). L\u2019enqu\u00eate a \u00e9t\u00e9 coordonn\u00e9e par le groupe de recherche en \u00e9conomie appliqu\u00e9e et th\u00e9orique (GREAT) \u00e0 Bamako, et men\u00e9e du 6 au 20 juillet 2021, par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, par une \u00e9quipe de 12 enqu\u00eateur\u00b7trice\u00b7s recrut\u00e9\u00b7e\u00b7s et form\u00e9\u00b7e\u00b7s par le Great, en collaboration avec les concepteur\u00b7trice\u00b7s de l\u2019enqu\u00eate. Le choix de mener l\u2019enqu\u00eate par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone a \u00e9t\u00e9 dict\u00e9 par le contexte sanitaire li\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie de Covid-19. Malgr\u00e9 les risques d\u2019un faible taux de r\u00e9ponse qui caract\u00e9rise g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement les enqu\u00eates par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, cette strat\u00e9gie nous a permis d\u2019interroger un \u00e9chantillon d\u2019individus provenant de toutes les r\u00e9gions du Mali, moyennant un co\u00fbt relativement modeste. Disposer d\u2019un \u00e9chantillon couvrant la totalit\u00e9 des r\u00e9gions du pays permet de renforcer la validit\u00e9 de nos r\u00e9sultats au niveau national.<\/p><p>Les r\u00e9sultats principaux montrent que le d\u00e9roulement de l&rsquo;enqu\u00eate par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone a \u00e9t\u00e9 un succ\u00e8s. Sur les 1 719 num\u00e9ros de t\u00e9l\u00e9phone compos\u00e9s, plus de 91 % se sont av\u00e9r\u00e9s fonctionnels. Cela a permis de contacter 1 569 personnes sur tout le territoire national, parmi lesquelles seulement 60 n\u2019ont pas consenti \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre, soit 3,8 %. L\u2019\u00e9chantillon final de 1 509 individus est compos\u00e9 en parts \u00e9gales d\u2019hommes et de femmes adultes, d\u2019\u00e2ge moyen de 42 ans, dont environ 40 % ont termin\u00e9 l\u2019\u00e9cole primaire, et dont environ 80 % d\u00e9clarent \u00eatre mari\u00e9s.<\/p><p>Les r\u00e9sultats de l\u2019enqu\u00eate exp\u00e9rimentale montrent des biais d\u00e9claratifs substantiels sur les pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences politiques. Ces biais sont plus marginaux sur les exp\u00e9riences li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9. Il appara\u00eet notamment que les r\u00e9pondant\u00b7e\u00b7s sur-d\u00e9clarent d\u2019environ 11 points de pourcentage leur soutien \u00e0 la mise en place d\u2019un r\u00e9gime militaire au Mali et sous-d\u00e9clarent dans les m\u00eames proportions leur confiance envers les forces arm\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res. Ainsi, 63 % des enqu\u00eat\u00e9\u00b7e\u00b7s pensent que le Mali d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui doit \u00eatre dirig\u00e9 par l\u2019arm\u00e9e (alors que 74 % le d\u00e9clarent) et 36 % (plut\u00f4t que 24,7 %) font confiance aux forces arm\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res. Ces biais de r\u00e9ponse sont assez proches de ceux identifi\u00e9s par la litt\u00e9rature en sciences politiques concernant le soutien aux r\u00e9gimes en place en Chine et Russie (Blair et al., 2020).\u00a0<\/p><p>Dans la suite de l&rsquo;article, nous pr\u00e9sentons dans un premier temps la m\u00e9thode de l\u2019enqu\u00eate, puis ses principaux r\u00e9sultats en revenant sur le d\u00e9roulement de l\u2019enqu\u00eate et les sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9s d\u2019une enqu\u00eate t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique et par comptage de r\u00e9ponses. Ensuite, nous proposons des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de discussion et concluons.<\/p><h2>La m\u00e9thode de l\u2019enqu\u00eate<\/h2><h3>L\u2019\u00e9chantillonnage<\/h3><p>L\u2019Instat nous a fourni l\u2019\u00e9chantillon de l\u2019enqu\u00eate harmonis\u00e9e sur les conditions de vie des m\u00e9nages de 2018 (EHCVM), repr\u00e9sentatif aux niveaux national, r\u00e9gional et urbain\/rural. Cette base d\u2019enqu\u00eate contient 6 602 m\u00e9nages avec 8 000 individus. Le num\u00e9ro de t\u00e9l\u00e9phone mobile d\u2019au moins un\u00b7e membre est disponible pour 92 % de ces m\u00e9nages.<\/p><p>Afin de constituer notre \u00e9chantillon, nous avons s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9 2 000 num\u00e9ros de t\u00e9l\u00e9phone (un par m\u00e9nage) par un tirage al\u00e9atoire stratifi\u00e9 par r\u00e9gion et par sexe. Cet \u00e9chantillon a \u00e9t\u00e9 divis\u00e9 en deux listes, une principale (1 400 individus) et une de remplacement (600). Les personnes sur la liste principale ont d\u2019abord \u00e9t\u00e9 contact\u00e9es. En cas d\u2019\u00e9chec de contact, un autre individu vivant dans la m\u00eame r\u00e9gion a \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9 \u00e0 partir de la liste de remplacement. Plus de d\u00e9tails sur le protocole de remplacement sont fournis dans l\u2019annexe A.<\/p><p>La m\u00e9thode par comptage de r\u00e9ponses exige la s\u00e9paration de l\u2019\u00e9chantillon entre un groupe de contr\u00f4le et un groupe de traitement de fa\u00e7on al\u00e9atoire. Le fonctionnement de cette m\u00e9thode est d\u00e9taill\u00e9 dans la section suivante. Les deux groupes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 constitu\u00e9s sur la base d\u2019un tirage al\u00e9atoire stratifi\u00e9 par r\u00e9gion et par sexe. Les caract\u00e9ristiques observables des deux groupes, permettant d\u2019appr\u00e9cier la validit\u00e9 du processus d\u2019assignation al\u00e9atoire, sont d\u00e9crites dans le paragraphe \u00ab Assignation des r\u00e9pondants aux groupes de traitement et de contr\u00f4le \u00bb. Finalement, 1 719 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 contact\u00e9es (874 dans le groupe de contr\u00f4le, 845 dans le groupe de traitement), et parmi elles, 1 509 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 jointes par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone et ont accept\u00e9 de r\u00e9pondre au questionnaire (764 dans le groupe de contr\u00f4le, 745 dans le groupe de traitement).<\/p><h3>La m\u00e9thode par comptage de r\u00e9ponses (LE)<\/h3><p>La m\u00e9thode par comptage de r\u00e9ponses consiste \u00e0 lire \u00e0 l\u2019enqu\u00eat\u00e9\u00b7e des listes d\u2019\u00e9nonc\u00e9s (dans notre cas, trois ou quatre par liste, selon le statut de traitement), sans qu\u2019il\u00b7elle ne r\u00e9agisse \u00e0 chacun des \u00e9nonc\u00e9s, mais en lui demandant de d\u00e9clarer le nombre total d\u2019\u00e9nonc\u00e9s avec lesquels il\u00b7elle est d\u2019accord. Au groupe de traitement sont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es des listes chacune contenant quatre \u00e9nonc\u00e9s, dont un \u00e9nonc\u00e9 sensible. Au groupe de contr\u00f4le sont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es les m\u00eames listes ne contenant que les trois \u00e9nonc\u00e9s non sensibles. Cette enqu\u00eate comprend cinq listes, dans le but de mesurer la pr\u00e9valence et le biais d\u00e9claratif caract\u00e9risant cinq exp\u00e9riences ou attitudes li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9.<\/p><p>Pour chaque liste, la comparaison entre la r\u00e9ponse moyenne donn\u00e9e par le groupe de traitement, qui a r\u00e9pondu \u00e0 la version de la liste avec l\u2019\u00e9nonc\u00e9 sensible, et la r\u00e9ponse moyenne donn\u00e9e par le groupe de contr\u00f4le, qui a r\u00e9pondu \u00e0 la version sans l\u2019\u00e9nonc\u00e9 sensible, fournit la pr\u00e9valence de l\u2019\u00e9nonc\u00e9 sensible. Par ailleurs, nous avons interrog\u00e9 les individus du groupe de contr\u00f4le de fa\u00e7on directe sur les cinq questions sensibles qui font l\u2019objet de l\u2019enqu\u00eate. La comparaison entre les r\u00e9ponses \u00e0 ces questions directes et les taux de pr\u00e9valence mesur\u00e9s \u00e0 partir du LE permet d\u2019estimer la taille des biais d\u00e9claratifs.<\/p><p>La familiarisation avec la m\u00e9thode du LE a fait l\u2019objet d\u2019une partie importante de la formation des enqu\u00eateur\u00b7trice\u00b7s. Afin de s\u2019assurer de la bonne compr\u00e9hension de la m\u00e9thode par les enqu\u00eat\u00e9\u00b7e\u00b7s, les enqu\u00eateur\u00b7trice\u00b7s ont notamment \u00e9t\u00e9 invit\u00e9\u00b7e\u00b7s, au d\u00e9but du module LE du questionnaire et apr\u00e8s avoir expliqu\u00e9 le format sp\u00e9cifique des questions \u00e0 venir, \u00e0 bien expliciter le fait que l\u2019enqu\u00eat\u00e9\u00b7e ne doit pas r\u00e9agir \u00e0 chaque \u00e9nonc\u00e9 mais seulement donner, en fin de liste, le nombre d\u2019\u00e9nonc\u00e9s qu\u2019il\u00b7elle approuve.<\/p><p>Pour faciliter la compr\u00e9hension par l\u2019enqu\u00eat\u00e9\u00b7e du fonctionnement du LE, les enqu\u00eateur\u00b7rice\u00b7s ont utilis\u00e9 la liste-test suivante, puis discut\u00e9 avec l\u2019enqu\u00eat\u00e9\u00b7e des diff\u00e9rentes options de r\u00e9ponses : <br \/>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0a) J\u2019aime bien discuter avec mes voisins<br \/>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0b) Hier, je suis all\u00e9.e au march\u00e9<br \/>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0c) Hier, j\u2019ai appel\u00e9 ma s\u0153ur<br \/>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0d) J\u2019ai \u00e9t\u00e9 malade r\u00e9cemment<br \/>En particulier, ils\u00b7elles clarifiaient le fait qu\u2019une personne qui, par exemple, aime bien discuter avec ses voisins, n\u2019est pas all\u00e9e au march\u00e9 hier, n\u2019a pas appel\u00e9 sa s\u0153ur, mais a \u00e9t\u00e9 malade r\u00e9cemment, doit r\u00e9pondre : \u00ab 2 \u00bb (car les affirmations a et d sont vraies dans son cas). Une personne qui n\u2019aime pas beaucoup discuter avec ses voisins et qui n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 malade depuis longtemps mais qui, hier, est all\u00e9e au march\u00e9 et a appel\u00e9 sa s\u0153ur, doit \u00e9galement r\u00e9pondre : \u00ab 2 \u00bb (les affirmations b et c sont vraies dans son cas).\u00a0<\/p><p>Il \u00e9tait fondamental pour la bonne qualit\u00e9 des donn\u00e9es r\u00e9colt\u00e9es que les enqu\u00eat\u00e9\u00b7e\u00b7s comprennent bien le fonctionnement des questions par listes, et donc que les enqu\u00eateur\u00b7trice\u00b7s prennent le temps de l\u2019expliquer de la fa\u00e7on la plus p\u00e9dagogique possible. Pour que l\u2019enqu\u00eat\u00e9\u00b7e arrive \u00e0 suivre le compte des \u00e9nonc\u00e9s avec lesquels il\u00b7elle est d\u2019accord, l\u2019enqu\u00eateur\u00b7trice lui conseillait de commencer chaque liste avec le poing ferm\u00e9 et de lever un doigt \u00e0 chaque \u00e9nonc\u00e9 avec lequel il\u00b7elle \u00e9tait d\u2019accord. En fin de liste, il\u00b7elle n\u2019avait ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 indiquer combien de doigts \u00e9taient lev\u00e9s. Les formateur\u00b7trice\u00b7s ont bien soulign\u00e9 l\u2019importance, dans le cadre de cet exercice, de lire les affirmations calmement et de faire une pause entre chaque \u00e9nonc\u00e9, pour laisser le temps \u00e0 l\u2019enqu\u00eat\u00e9\u00b7e de le comprendre et de d\u00e9cider s\u2019il\u00b7elle levait ou non un doigt.<\/p><p>Afin de ne pas introduire de biais li\u00e9s aux caract\u00e9ristiques propres \u00e0 chaque enqu\u00eateur\u00b7trice, ils\u00b7elles n\u2019ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 allou\u00e9\u00b7e\u00b7s \u00e0 un des groupes, mais devaient administrer les deux types de questionnaires en suivant un tirage qui leur \u00e9tait assign\u00e9.<\/p><h3>Le questionnaire<\/h3><p>Le questionnaire comporte trois modules communs a\u0300 l\u2019ensemble des personnes enque\u0302te\u0301es, et un module de\u0301cline\u0301 en deux versions selon que l\u2019enque\u0302te\u0301\u00b7e est assigne\u0301\u00b7e au groupe de traitement ou de contro\u0302le. Il est important de mentionner que les enque\u0302te\u0301.e.s pouvaient a\u0300 tout moment interrompre le questionnaire.\u00a0<\/p><p>Le module d\u2019introduction est commun a\u0300 tou\u00b7te\u00b7s. Il permet d\u2019entrer en contact, de pre\u0301senter l\u2019objet de l\u2019enque\u0302te, et d\u2019identifier si la personne contacte\u0301e est e\u0301ligible \u2013 c\u2019est-a\u0300-dire a\u0302ge\u0301e de 18 ans au moins \u2013 ou, a\u0300 de\u0301faut, si un\u00b7e autre membre de son me\u0301nage peut e\u0302tre enque\u0302te\u0301\u00b7e. Si la personne contacte\u0301e (ou un\u00b7e autre membre de son me\u0301nage) est e\u0301ligible mais indisponible au moment de l\u2019appel, le module d\u2019introduction permet e\u0301galement de fixer un rendez-vous pour poursuivre l\u2019enque\u0302te a\u0300 un autre moment. Enfin, le consentement a\u0300 participer a\u0300 l\u2019enque\u0302te est recueilli ici.\u00a0<\/p><p>Une fois le consentement obtenu, le questionnaire proprement dit commence. Le deuxie\u0300me module (module de caracte\u0301ristiques ge\u0301ne\u0301rales), e\u0301galement commun a\u0300 tou\u00b7te\u00b7s, recueille des informations sur l\u2019a\u0302ge, le niveau scolaire, le statut matrimonial, la langue maternelle et la commune de re\u0301sidence. Les individus sont e\u0301galement interroge\u0301s sur l\u2019anne\u0301e depuis laquelle ils re\u0301sident dans leur commune.\u00a0<\/p><p>Le troisie\u0300me module concerne notre objet d\u2019e\u0301tude : les cinq expe\u0301riences et attitudes lie\u0301es a\u0300 l\u2019inse\u0301curite\u0301. Il est de\u0301cline\u0301 en deux versions, respectivement administre\u0301es au groupe de traitement et au groupe de contro\u0302le.\u00a0<\/p><p>Le groupe de traitement est interroge\u0301 sur les cinq expe\u0301riences et pre\u0301fe\u0301rences lie\u0301es a\u0300 l\u2019inse\u0301curite\u0301 sous la forme de cinq listes. Chaque liste comporte quatre e\u0301nonce\u0301s, parmi lesquels un e\u0301nonce\u0301 sensible \u2013 dont on veut mesurer la pre\u0301valence. L\u2019enque\u0302teur\u00b7trice lit chaque liste a\u0300 l\u2019enque\u0302te\u0301\u00b7e et lui demande d\u2019indiquer, a\u0300 la fin de chaque liste, le nombre total d\u2019e\u0301nonce\u0301s avec lesquelles il\u00b7elle est d\u2019accord. L\u2019enque\u0302te\u0301\u00b7e ne nomme donc pas les e\u0301nonce\u0301s avec lesquelles il\u00b7elle est d\u2019accord, il\u00b7elle donne seulement le nombre d\u2019e\u0301nonce\u0301s avec lesquelles il\u00b7elle est d\u2019accord. Les listes contenant quatre e\u0301nonce\u0301s, la re\u0301ponse de l\u2019enque\u0302te\u0301\u00b7e a\u0300 chaque liste est un chiffre compris entre 0 et 4.\u00a0<\/p><p>Le groupe de contro\u0302le, quant a\u0300 lui, est interroge\u0301 sur les cinq expe\u0301riences et pre\u0301fe\u0301rences sensibles qui font l\u2019objet du module Inse\u0301curite\u0301 de manie\u0300re traditionnelle: l\u2019enque\u0302teur\u00b7trice demande aux enque\u0302te\u0301\u00b7e\u00b7s de re\u0301pondre directement par Oui ou Non a\u0300 ces cinq questions. Le groupe de contro\u0302le est e\u0301galement mobilise\u0301 pour le <i>list experiment<\/i> : l\u2019enque\u0302teur\u00b7trice lit aux enque\u0302te\u0301\u00b7e\u00b7s du groupe de contro\u0302le les cinq listes desquelles les e\u0301nonce\u0301s sensibles ont e\u0301te\u0301 retire\u0301s, et leur demande d\u2019indiquer, a\u0300 la fin de chaque liste, le nombre total d\u2019e\u0301nonce\u0301s avec lesquelles ils\u00b7elles sont d\u2019accord. Les listes comptant donc cette fois trois e\u0301nonce\u0301s, les re\u0301ponses a\u0300 chaque liste sont comprises entre 0 et 3.\u00a0<\/p><p>Comme explique\u0301 dans le paragraphe \u00ab La me\u0301thode par comptage de re\u0301ponses (LE) \u00bb, la comparaison entre la re\u0301ponse moyenne observe\u0301e pour chaque liste dans le groupe de traitement et dans le groupe de contro\u0302le fournira, pour l\u2019analyse, la mesure de la pre\u0301valence de chaque e\u0301nonce\u0301 sensible exempte de biais de\u0301claratifs.<\/p><p>Les listes sont reporte\u0301es dans le tableau 1, ou\u0300 les e\u0301nonce\u0301s sensibles \u2013 lus uniquement au groupe de traitement et pose\u0301s sous forme de questions directes au groupe de contro\u0302le \u2013 apparaissent en italique. Les questions directes pose\u0301es au groupe de contro\u0302le sont reporte\u0301es dans le tableau 2. Les enque\u0302te\u0301\u00b7e\u00b7s avaient la possibilite\u0301 de ne pas re\u0301pondre\/passer toutes les questions directes qui leur e\u0301taient pose\u0301es, aussi bien celles sensibles que les questions pose\u0301es dans le module Caracte\u0301ristiques ge\u0301ne\u0301rales.\u00a0<\/p><p>Enfin, le questionnaire contient un dernier module, commun a\u0300 toutes les personnes interroge\u0301es. Ce module de conclusion permet de remercier l\u2019enque\u0302te\u0301\u00b7e, de l\u2019informer sur son droit de retrait, et de lui fournir un nume\u0301ro de te\u0301le\u0301phone s\u2019il\u00b7elle souhaite e\u0302tre mis\u00b7e en contact avec des organismes spe\u0301cialise\u0301s dans l\u2019accompagnement de personnes victimes de violence. C\u2019est aussi dans ce module final que l\u2019enque\u0302teur indique la langue utilise\u0301e pour l\u2019entretien.\u00a0<\/p><p>Les modules d\u2019introduction, de consentement et de caracte\u0301ristiques ge\u0301ne\u0301rales sont reporte\u0301s en annexe B. Enfin, le questionnaire contient un dernier module, commun \u00e0 toutes les personnes interrog\u00e9es. Ce module de conclusion permet de remercier l\u2019enqu\u00eat\u00e9\u00b7e, de l\u2019informer sur son droit de retrait, et de lui fournir un num\u00e9ro de t\u00e9l\u00e9phone s\u2019il\u00b7elle souhaite \u00eatre mis\u00b7e en contact avec des organismes sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s dans l\u2019accompagnement de personnes victimes de violence. C\u2019est aussi dans ce module final que l\u2019enqu\u00eateur indique la langue utilis\u00e9e pour l\u2019entretien.<\/p><p>Les modules d\u2019introduction, de consentement et de caract\u00e9ristiques g\u00e9n\u00e9rales sont report\u00e9s en annexe B.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f2a8ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2f2a8ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 6\"><div class=\"layoutArea\"><div class=\"column\"><p>Tableau 1 : Listes du module Inse\u0301curite\u0301<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4cb090 eael-table-align-center eael-dt-th-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-data-table\" data-id=\"b4cb090\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-data-table.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-data-table-wrap\" data-table_id=\"b4cb090\" id=\"eael-data-table-wrapper-b4cb090\" data-custom_responsive=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"tablesorter eael-data-table center\" id=\"eael-data-table-b4cb090\">\n\t\t\t    <thead>\n\t\t\t        <tr class=\"table-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t            <th class=\" sorting\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Avec combien de ces \u00e9nonc\u00e9s \u00eates-vous d\u2019accord, entre 0 et 4 ?<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t        <\/tr>\n\t\t\t    <\/thead>\n\t\t\t  \t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAu cours des 12 derniers mois, on m\u2019a demand\u00e9 de payer un pot-de-vin.\n\n\nAu cours des 12 derniers mois, les forces de l\u2019ordre ont \u00e9t\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement efficaces dans ma localit\u00e9.<br><br><br>Au cours des 12 derniers mois, le nombre d\u2019accidents de la route a augment\u00e9 dans ma localit\u00e9.<br><br>Au cours des 12 derniers mois, moi ou un membre de mon m\u00e9nage a \u00e9t\u00e9 agress\u00e9 physiquement \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur du logement.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t    <\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t  \t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93b8701 eael-table-align-center eael-dt-th-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-data-table\" data-id=\"93b8701\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-data-table.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-data-table-wrap\" data-table_id=\"93b8701\" id=\"eael-data-table-wrapper-93b8701\" data-custom_responsive=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"tablesorter eael-data-table center\" id=\"eael-data-table-93b8701\">\n\t\t\t    <thead>\n\t\t\t        <tr class=\"table-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t            <th class=\" sorting\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">2.<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t        <\/tr>\n\t\t\t    <\/thead>\n\t\t\t  \t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDerni\u00e8rement, les march\u00e9s locaux sont bien approvisionn\u00e9s.\n\n<br><br>Il y a souvent des disputes entre les habitants de mon quartier.\n<br><br>Je me sens en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 chez moi.<br><br>Moi ou un membre de mon m\u00e9nage poss\u00e8de une arme \u00e0 feu.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t    <\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t  \t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de465f2 eael-table-align-center eael-dt-th-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-data-table\" data-id=\"de465f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-data-table.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-data-table-wrap\" data-table_id=\"de465f2\" id=\"eael-data-table-wrapper-de465f2\" data-custom_responsive=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"tablesorter eael-data-table center\" id=\"eael-data-table-de465f2\">\n\t\t\t    <thead>\n\t\t\t        <tr class=\"table-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t            <th class=\" sorting\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">3.<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t        <\/tr>\n\t\t\t    <\/thead>\n\t\t\t  \t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLes routes sont bien entretenues dans ma zone de r\u00e9sidence.\n\n\n\nDe mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, je fais confiance aux \u00e9trangers.<br><br><br>Derni\u00e8rement, les tensions dans ma zone de r\u00e9sidence se sont apais\u00e9es.<br><br>Moi ou un membre de mon m\u00e9nage est pr\u00eat \u00e0 prendre les armes pour d\u00e9fendre notre communaut\u00e9.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t    <\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t  \t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-952f377 eael-table-align-center eael-dt-th-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-data-table\" data-id=\"952f377\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-data-table.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-data-table-wrap\" data-table_id=\"952f377\" id=\"eael-data-table-wrapper-952f377\" data-custom_responsive=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"tablesorter eael-data-table center\" id=\"eael-data-table-952f377\">\n\t\t\t    <thead>\n\t\t\t        <tr class=\"table-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t            <th class=\" sorting\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">4.<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t        <\/tr>\n\t\t\t    <\/thead>\n\t\t\t  \t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLe r\u00e9seau \u00e9lectrique est de mauvaise qualit\u00e9.\n\n<br><br>La classe politique prend bien en compte les probl\u00e8mes des Maliens.\n<br><br><br>Le syst\u00e8me de sant\u00e9 public s\u2019est am\u00e9lior\u00e9 derni\u00e8rement.<br><br>Le Mali d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui doit \u00eatre dirig\u00e9 par l\u2019arm\u00e9e.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t    <\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t  \t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a5f7099 eael-table-align-center eael-dt-th-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-data-table\" data-id=\"a5f7099\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-data-table.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-data-table-wrap\" data-table_id=\"a5f7099\" id=\"eael-data-table-wrapper-a5f7099\" data-custom_responsive=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"tablesorter eael-data-table center\" id=\"eael-data-table-a5f7099\">\n\t\t\t    <thead>\n\t\t\t        <tr class=\"table-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t            <th class=\" sorting\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">\u00c0 combien de ces institutions faites-vous confiance, entre 0 et 4 ?<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t        <\/tr>\n\t\t\t    <\/thead>\n\t\t\t  \t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t5.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLes forces de l\u2019ordre.\n\n<br><br>Le syst\u00e8me de sant\u00e9 public.\n<br><br>La classe politique malienne.<br><br>Les forces arm\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res au Mali\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t    <\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t  \t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f21b8cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f21b8cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tableau 2 : Questions directes du module Ins\u00e9curit\u00e9, pos\u00e9es au groupe de contr\u00f4le<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3eadb25 eael-table-align-center eael-dt-th-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-data-table\" data-id=\"3eadb25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-data-table.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-data-table-wrap\" data-table_id=\"3eadb25\" id=\"eael-data-table-wrapper-3eadb25\" data-custom_responsive=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"tablesorter eael-data-table center\" id=\"eael-data-table-3eadb25\">\n\t\t\t    <thead>\n\t\t\t        <tr class=\"table-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t            <th class=\" sorting\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">1. Au cours des 12 derniers mois, est-ce que vous ou un membre de votre m\u00e9nage a \u00e9t\u00e9 agress\u00e9 physiquement \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur du logement ?<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t        <\/tr>\n\t\t\t    <\/thead>\n\t\t\t  \t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2. Est-ce que vous ou un membre de votre m\u00e9nage poss\u00e8de une arme \u00e0 feu ?\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t3. Est-ce que vous ou un membre de votre m\u00e9nage est pr\u00eat \u00e0 prendre les armes pour d\u00e9fendre votre communaut\u00e9 ?\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t4. Est-ce que le Mali d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui doit \u00eatre dirig\u00e9 par l\u2019arm\u00e9e ?\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t5. Faites-vous confiance aux forces arm\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res au Mali ?\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t    <\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t  \t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3286d98 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3286d98\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Les r\u00e9sultats<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16059d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"16059d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Assignation des r\u00e9pondants aux groupes de traitement<br>et de contr\u00f4le<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9c0f8dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9c0f8dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La validit\u00e9 du LE repose sur l\u2019assignation al\u00e9atoire des r\u00e9pondant\u00b7e\u00b7s aux groupes de traitement et de contr\u00f4le. Afin de v\u00e9rifier que les deux sous-groupes ne sont pas statistiquement diff\u00e9rents l\u2019un de l\u2019autre, le tableau 3 reporte les caract\u00e9ristiques moyennes des personnes enqu\u00eat\u00e9es selon qu\u2019elles appartiennent aux groupes de traitement ou de contr\u00f4le, ainsi que la p-valeur associ\u00e9e \u00e0 la diff\u00e9rence de moyennes entre les deux groupes (t-test sur les moyennes)2 . Les variables <i>\u00c2ge et Date de r\u00e9sidence dans la commune actuelle<\/i> sont des variables continues. Toutes les autres variables du tableau sont des variables dichotomiques, qui prennent la valeur 1 lorsque la caract\u00e9ristique est observ\u00e9e chez l\u2019individu. Leurs moyennes peuvent donc \u00eatre interpr\u00e9t\u00e9es comme des proportions.<\/p><p>Il appara\u00eet que les deux groupes sont statistiquement similaires. Aucune des diff\u00e9rences entre les deux groupes n\u2019est significative, exception faite de la part de personnes qui ont v\u00e9cu ailleurs que dans la commune de r\u00e9sidence actuelle, la diff\u00e9rence \u00e9tant significative au seuil de 10 %. Aucune diff\u00e9rence n\u2019est constat\u00e9e sur les r\u00e9gions de r\u00e9sidence et la proportion d\u2019hommes (variables de stratification), l\u2019\u00e2ge, le niveau d\u2019\u00e9ducation, le fait d\u2019\u00eatre mari\u00e9 ou les langues maternelles.<\/p><p>L\u2019\u00e9chantillon est constitu\u00e9 de 54 % d\u2019hommes, d\u2019un \u00e2ge moyen de l\u2019ordre de 42 ans. Moins de 50 % des r\u00e9pondant\u00b7e\u00b7s ont achev\u00e9 le cycle primaire d\u2019\u00e9ducation, 88 % sont mari\u00e9\u00b7e\u00b7s, la moiti\u00e9 parle le bambara comme langue maternelle, et moins de 20 % le sonrha\u00ef. Enfin, ils\u00b7elles r\u00e9sident dans leur commune actuelle depuis l\u2019ann\u00e9e 1987 en moyenne, et 30 % d\u2019entre eux\u00b7elles avaient r\u00e9sid\u00e9 dans une autre commune ant\u00e9rieurement.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42b0139 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"42b0139\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tableau 3 : Caract\u00e9ristiques moyennes, groupes de traitement et de contr\u00f4le<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83e9c5e eael-table-align-center eael-dt-th-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-data-table\" data-id=\"83e9c5e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-data-table.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-data-table-wrap\" data-table_id=\"83e9c5e\" id=\"eael-data-table-wrapper-83e9c5e\" data-custom_responsive=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"tablesorter eael-data-table center\" id=\"eael-data-table-83e9c5e\">\n\t\t\t    <thead>\n\t\t\t        <tr class=\"table-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t            <th class=\" sorting\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\"><\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\" sorting\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">(1)<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\" sorting\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">(2)<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\" sorting\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">(1)-(2)<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t        <\/tr>\n\t\t\t    <\/thead>\n\t\t\t  \t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGroupe de traitement Moyenne\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGroupe de traitement Moyenne\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tp-valeur de la diff\u00e9rence\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tR\u00e9gion de r\u00e9sidence\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKayes\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,141\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,144\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,900\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t Koulikoro\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,122\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,125\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,855\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSikasso\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,127\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,133\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,733\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tS\u00e9gou\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,143\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,130\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,481\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMopti\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,080\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,082\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,885\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTombouctou\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,094\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,085\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,510\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGao\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,097\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,094\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,848\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t Kidal\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,021\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,026\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,557\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t Bamako\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,175\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  0,183\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,717\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHomme\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,533\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,554\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,399\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u00c2ge\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t41,999\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t42,529\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,463\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA achev\u00e9 le niveau primaire\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,407\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,391\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,514\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEst mari\u00e9\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,880\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,878\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,918\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLangue maternelle : bambara\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,470\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,509\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,132\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLangue maternelle : sonrha\u00ef\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,194\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,181\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,534\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAutres langues maternelles\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,336\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,310\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,275\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDate de r\u00e9sidence dans la commune actuelle\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1987\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1988\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,438\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA v\u00e9cu ailleurs que dans la commune actuelle\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,304\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,348\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,068*\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tVit dans la commune de r\u00e9sidence actuelle depuis 2012 au moins\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,874\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,856\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0,307\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNombre d\u2019observations\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t764\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t745\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t    <\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t  \t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db8bad9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"db8bad9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>* p-valeur &lt; 10%<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-846a55d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"846a55d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">D\u00e9roulement et sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9s de l\u2019enqu\u00eate<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eda6cf5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eda6cf5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>L\u2019enqu\u00eate s\u2019est d\u00e9roul\u00e9e par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone et sur tablette Android, avec le logiciel ODK Collect. Les entretiens t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques ont eu lieu dans les locaux du GREAT. Le questionnaire contenu dans les tablettes \u00e9tait r\u00e9dig\u00e9 en fran\u00e7ais, les traductions \u00e9tant disponibles en format papier dans les cinq autres langues propos\u00e9es aux enqu\u00eat\u00e9\u00b7e\u00b7s : bambara, sonink\u00e9, tamasheq, peulh, sonrha\u00ef.<\/p><p>La personne enqu\u00eat\u00e9e a choisi la langue de l\u2019entretien. Dans le cas o\u00f9 l\u2019enqu\u00eateur\u00b7trice ne ma\u00eetrisait pas la langue souhait\u00e9e, le\u00b7la superviseur\u00b7se d\u00e9signait au sein de l\u2019\u00e9quipe un\u00b7e enqu\u00eateur\u00b7trice en mesure de r\u00e9aliser l\u2019entretien dans la langue choisie par l\u2019enqu\u00eat\u00e9\u00b7e.<\/p><p>L\u2019enqu\u00eate a \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9e exclusivement par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone \u2013 un format qui peut impliquer des difficult\u00e9s sp\u00e9cifiques. En comparaison avec un entretien en face-\u00e0-face, un entretien t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique peut notamment rendre plus difficile la compr\u00e9hension mutuelle, par exemple parce que les expressions ne sont pas visibles et le son peut \u00eatre alt\u00e9r\u00e9 ; et impliquer davantage de sources de d\u00e9concentration (coupures de r\u00e9seau, bruit environnant, difficult\u00e9 pour l\u2019enqu\u00eat\u00e9\u00b7e de s\u2019isoler pour r\u00e9pondre, etc.). La confiance et la patience de l\u2019enqu\u00eat\u00e9\u00b7e peuvent aussi \u00eatre plus difficiles \u00e0 gagner, et il.elle peut notamment craindre d\u2019\u00eatre contact\u00e9\u00b7e par des d\u00e9marcheur\u00b7se\u00b7s ou des escrocs.<\/p><p>Pour assurer le succ\u00e8s de l\u2019enqu\u00eate, la formation au questionnaire a particuli\u00e8rement mis l\u2019accent sur les particularit\u00e9s de l\u2019entretien t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique afin que les enqu\u00eateur\u00b7trice\u00b7s y soient aussi attentif\u00b7ive\u00b7s que possible. En particulier, la pr\u00e9sentation claire de l\u2019institution d\u2019appartenance en tout d\u00e9but d\u2019entretien a fait l\u2019objet d\u2019une attention sp\u00e9cifique. Les enqu\u00eateur\u00b7trice\u00b7s ont aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 invit\u00e9.e.s \u00e0 faire r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement des pauses pour s\u2019assurer qu\u2019ils\u00b7elles \u00e9taient bien entendu\u00b7e\u00b7s et compris\u00b7e\u00b7s. Plus prosa\u00efquement, la v\u00e9rification des niveaux de batterie et de cr\u00e9dit des tablettes et t\u00e9l\u00e9phones avant tout appel a \u00e9t\u00e9 syst\u00e9matique. Par ailleurs, nous avons \u00e9labor\u00e9 le questionnaire le plus parcimonieux possible, de fa\u00e7on \u00e0 limiter autant que possible la dur\u00e9e des entretiens. Finalement, une vingtaine de minutes en moyenne \u00e9taient suffisantes pour r\u00e9aliser un questionnaire complet.<\/p><p>Conserver l\u2019attention de l\u2019enqu\u00eat\u00e9\u00b7e pendant toute la dur\u00e9e de l\u2019entretien t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique repr\u00e9sentait n\u00e9anmoins un d\u00e9fi \u00e0 relever par les enqu\u00eateur\u00b7trice\u00b7s, en m\u00eame temps qu\u2019ils\u00b7elles saisissaient des r\u00e9ponses sur tablette. \u00c0 cet \u00e9gard, le temps consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 la familiarisation aux outils et \u00e0 l\u2019entra\u00eenement sur le questionnaire lors de la formation des enqu\u00eateur\u00b7trice\u00b7s s\u2019est av\u00e9r\u00e9 particuli\u00e8rement utile.<\/p><p>Les superviseur\u00b7se\u00b7s ont \u00e9galement jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le cl\u00e9, fa\u00e7onn\u00e9 par la particularit\u00e9 des entretiens t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques. En plus de s\u2019assurer du bon fonctionnement du mat\u00e9riel, ils ont notamment pris en charge l&rsquo;allocation des enqu\u00eat\u00e9\u00b7e\u00b7s aux enqu\u00eateur\u00b7trice\u00b7s et leur r\u00e9allocation en cas d\u2019incompatibilit\u00e9 dans les langues parl\u00e9es, le suivi des prises de rendez-vous, la mobilisation de la liste de remplacement en cas de besoin. Les superviseur\u00b7se\u00b7s ont aussi assur\u00e9 le suivi et le contr\u00f4le r\u00e9gulier du travail fourni par les enqu\u00eateur\u00b7trice\u00b7s ainsi que la v\u00e9rification des questionnaires remplis et incomplets, et la transmission des donn\u00e9es collect\u00e9es au serveur de stockage.<\/p><p>Les personnes enqu\u00eat\u00e9\u00b7e\u00b7s ont re\u00e7u une compensation pour leur participation \u00e0 hauteur de 1 000 FCFA, sous forme de cr\u00e9dit t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique vers\u00e9 au num\u00e9ro contact\u00e9 une fois le questionnaire termin\u00e9. <br \/><br \/><span style=\"color: #00909f; font-family: 'Noto Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600;\">Non-r\u00e9ponse<\/span><\/p><p>Sur les 1 719 num\u00e9ros de t\u00e9l\u00e9phone compos\u00e9s, seulement 41 ne fonctionnaient pas et 109 n\u2019ont jamais r\u00e9pondu (apr\u00e8s plusieurs tentatives sur plusieurs jours). Plus de 91 % des num\u00e9ros se sont donc av\u00e9r\u00e9s fonctionnels. Cela repr\u00e9sente un succ\u00e8s, dans la mesure o\u00f9 ces num\u00e9ros avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 collect\u00e9s trois ans auparavant. Un autre succ\u00e8s de l\u2019enqu\u00eate r\u00e9side dans le taux de consentement. Dans le strict respect des protocoles d\u2019\u00e9thique en vigueur, une fois la prise de contact effectu\u00e9e, l\u2019enqu\u00eateur\u00b7trice devait expliquer l\u2019objet de l\u2019enqu\u00eate et demander le consentement \u00e0 mener l\u2019enqu\u00eate. Sur les 1 569 personnes contact\u00e9es, seulement 60 n\u2019ont pas consenti \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre, soit 3,8%.<\/p><p>Au total 210 personnes n\u2019ont donc pu \u00eatre enqu\u00eat\u00e9es, ce qui correspond \u00e0 un taux de non-r\u00e9ponse d\u2019environ 12 % (tableau 4). Fait int\u00e9ressant et rassurant, la probabilit\u00e9 de non-r\u00e9ponse au niveau individuel n\u2019est pas fonction du groupe d\u2019assignation (traitement ou contr\u00f4le) des personnes contact\u00e9es.\u00a0<\/p><p>Cependant, un certain nombre de membres du groupe de contr\u00f4le n\u2019a pas souhait\u00e9 r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 certaines des questions sensibles pos\u00e9es directement : seulement 0,3 % pour les deux premi\u00e8res questions, 3,3 % (25 observations) pour la troisi\u00e8me question (Est-ce que vous, ou un membre de votre m\u00e9nage, \u00eates pr\u00eat \u00e0 prendre les armes pour d\u00e9fendre votre communaut\u00e9 ?), 13 % (99 observations) pour la quatri\u00e8me question (Est-ce que le Mali d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui doit \u00eatre dirig\u00e9 par l\u2019arm\u00e9e ?) et 9,3 % (71 observations) pour la cinqui\u00e8me question (Faites-vous confiance aux forces arm\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res au Mali ?). Ces refus de r\u00e9pondre pourraient sugg\u00e9rer un degr\u00e9 plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de sensibilit\u00e9 des questions concern\u00e9es.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f677ecb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f677ecb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tableau 4 : Nombre de non-r\u00e9pondants et taux de non-r\u00e9ponse total et par groupes<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-974a951 eael-table-align-center eael-dt-th-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-data-table\" data-id=\"974a951\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-data-table.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-data-table-wrap\" data-table_id=\"974a951\" id=\"eael-data-table-wrapper-974a951\" data-custom_responsive=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"tablesorter eael-data-table center\" id=\"eael-data-table-974a951\">\n\t\t\t    <thead>\n\t\t\t        <tr class=\"table-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t            <th class=\" sorting\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\"><\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\" sorting\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">\u00c9chantillon total<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\" sorting\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Groupe de traitement<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\" sorting\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Groupe de contr\u00f4le<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t        <\/tr>\n\t\t\t    <\/thead>\n\t\t\t  \t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNombre de num\u00e9ros de t\u00e9l\u00e9phone compos\u00e9s\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1 719\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t845\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t874\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNombre de num\u00e9ros manquants\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t210\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t100\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t110\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t Num\u00e9ros sans r\u00e9ponses\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t150\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t63\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t87\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t R\u00e9ponses mais pas de consentement\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t60\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t37\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t23\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTaux de non-r\u00e9ponse\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t12,2 %\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t11,8 %\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t12,6 %\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t    <\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t  \t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a1d1b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5a1d1b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pr\u00e9valences mesur\u00e9es<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-065c5f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"065c5f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>L\u2019utilisation de la m\u00e9thode LE permet de calculer des taux de pr\u00e9valence exempts de biais d\u00e9claratif de cinq exp\u00e9riences et attitudes li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 au Mali. Sp\u00e9cifiquement, pour chacune des cinq questions pos\u00e9es sous forme de LE, nous comparons la r\u00e9ponse moyenne obtenue dans les groupes de traitement et de contr\u00f4le \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019une r\u00e9gression contr\u00f4lant pour les variables de stratification (r\u00e9gion et genre), ainsi que pour des effets fixes par enqu\u00eateur\u00b7trice. Ceci permet de s\u2019assurer de la validit\u00e9 de l\u2019assignation al\u00e9atoire aux groupes, et de corriger pour d\u2019\u00e9ventuelles diff\u00e9rences syst\u00e9matiques entre enqu\u00eateur\u00b7trice.s. La diff\u00e9rence estim\u00e9e entre les deux r\u00e9ponses moyennes repr\u00e9sente ainsi le taux de pr\u00e9valence de l\u2019\u00e9nonc\u00e9 sensible.<\/p><p>Le tableau 5 pr\u00e9sente les r\u00e9sultats. La premi\u00e8re ligne du tableau montre les niveaux tels que mesur\u00e9s avec un questionnement direct ; sur la deuxi\u00e8me ligne figurent les \u00e9carts entre les taux de pr\u00e9valence issus du questionnement direct et ceux en LE. Enfin, la derni\u00e8re ligne montre les taux de pr\u00e9valence sans biais estim\u00e9s gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9thode LE. Sur la base des r\u00e9ponses obtenues avec le LE, il appara\u00eet que 17,1 % des r\u00e9pondant\u00b7e\u00b7s, ou un membre de leur m\u00e9nage, ont subi une agression physique dans les douze derniers mois (Q1). 16,9 % des m\u00e9nages des r\u00e9pondant\u00b7e\u00b7s poss\u00e8dent une arme \u00e0 feu (Q2). Dans un pays en conflit depuis presque une d\u00e9cennie, 30,4 % des r\u00e9pondant\u00b7e\u00b7s comptent un\u00b7e membre de leur m\u00e9nage pr\u00eat\u00b7e \u00e0 prendre les armes pour d\u00e9fendre sa communaut\u00e9 (Q3). Enfin, quelques semaines apr\u00e8s le coup d\u2019\u00c9tat de mai 2021 et apr\u00e8s huit ans de pr\u00e9sence militaire \u00e9trang\u00e8re, 63,2 % des personnes enqu\u00eat\u00e9es consid\u00e8rent que l\u2019arm\u00e9e doit \u00eatre \u00e0 la t\u00eate du pays (Q4), et 36,3 % font confiance aux forces \u00e9trang\u00e8res pr\u00e9sentes au Mali (Q5).\u00a0<\/p><p>Par ailleurs, le protocole r\u00e9v\u00e8le que les biais d\u00e9claratifs sont importants avec la m\u00e9thode directe pour les r\u00e9ponses portant sur les pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences politiques, mais moins pour celles sur les exp\u00e9riences li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9. Il appara\u00eet notamment que les r\u00e9pondant\u00b7e\u00b7s sur-d\u00e9clarent d\u2019environ 11 points de pourcentage leur soutien \u00e0 la mise en \u0153uvre d\u2019un r\u00e9gime militaire et sous-d\u00e9clarent dans les m\u00eames proportions leur confiance envers les forces \u00e9trang\u00e8res. Ces r\u00e9sultats peuvent \u00eatre rapproch\u00e9s de ceux relev\u00e9s dans une m\u00e9ta-analyse effectu\u00e9e par Blair et al. (2020). Les 21 \u00e9tudes r\u00e9pertori\u00e9es men\u00e9es dans des r\u00e9gimes autoritaires, essentiellement la Chine et la Russie, estiment aussi des biais de r\u00e9ponses aux questions pos\u00e9es directement sur le soutien au r\u00e9gime en place ou sur l\u2019opposition \u00e0 de tels r\u00e9gimes. Les tailles des biais estim\u00e9s sont tr\u00e8s coh\u00e9rentes avec nos r\u00e9sultats, puisqu\u2019elles s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8vent en moyenne \u00e0 14 et 8 points de pourcentage selon qu\u2019est mesur\u00e9 le soutien ou l\u2019opposition au r\u00e9gime.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd2ebd9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cd2ebd9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tableau 5 : Taux de pr\u00e9valence des questions sensibles par technique d\u2019enqu\u00eate et biais de r\u00e9ponse estim\u00e9<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60b929b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"60b929b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"6\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; text-align: center; width: 100%;\">\n  <thead style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n    <tr>\n      <th style=\"text-align: left;\"><\/th>\n      <th>Q1<\/th>\n<th>Q2<\/th>\n<th>Q3<\/th>\n<th>Q4<\/th>\n<th>Q5<\/th>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/thead>\n  <tbody>\n    <tr>\n      <td style=\"text-align: left;\">Question directe (%) <br>(e\u0301cart-type)<\/td>\n      <td>12,2 <br>(1,2)<\/td>\n      <td>11,2 <br>(1,1)<\/td>\n      <td>30,9 <br>(1,7)<\/td>\n      <td>74,0 <br>(1,7)<\/td>\n      <td>24,7 <br>(1,6)<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td style=\"text-align: left;\">Biais <br>(e\u0301cart-type)<\/td>\n      <td>4,9 <br>(4,8)<\/td>\n      <td>5,7 <br>(4,5)<\/td>\n      <td>-0,5 <br>(5,0)<\/td>\n      <td>-10,8 <br>(4,8)<\/td>\n      <td>11,6 <br>(5,4)<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td style=\"text-align: left;\">Vraie pre\u0301valence estime\u0301e (%)<\/td>\n      <td>17,1<\/td>\n      <td>16,9<\/td>\n      <td>30,4<\/td>\n      <td>63,2<\/td>\n      <td>36,3<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td style=\"text-align: left;\">N. Obs. LE <\/td>\n      <td>1 509<\/td>\n<td>1 509<\/td>\n<td>1 509<\/td>\n<td>1 509<\/td>\n<td>1 509<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td style=\"text-align: left;\">N. Obs. Question directe<\/td>\n      <td>761<\/td>\n<td>760<\/td>\n<td>739<\/td>\n<td>665<\/td>\n<td>693<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee64483 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ee64483\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conclusion<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3320b17 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3320b17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Plusieurs enseignements peuvent \u00eatre tir\u00e9s de l\u2019enqu\u00eate \u00ab LE Ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00bb men\u00e9e en juillet 2021 en partenariat avec le GREAT, aussi bien concernant la collecte des donn\u00e9es que leur analyse.<\/p><p>Concernant la collecte des donn\u00e9es, le protocole d\u2019enqu\u00eate par list experiment appara\u00eet \u00eatre un outil tr\u00e8s riche mais \u00e9galement complexe \u00e0 mettre en place. L\u2019exp\u00e9rience du projet \u00ab LE Ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00bb semble notamment montrer que le succ\u00e8s d\u2019une enqu\u00eate exp\u00e9rimentale avec LE repose largement sur les comp\u00e9tences des enqu\u00eateur\u00b7trice\u00b7s recrut\u00e9\u00b7e\u00b7s et sur la qualit\u00e9 de la formation au questionnaire. D\u2019autre part, une enqu\u00eate par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone demande des ajustements particuliers. Dans le cas pr\u00e9sent, le taux de contact a finalement \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9lev\u00e9 et la non-r\u00e9ponse rare \u2013 alors que l\u2019usage de la t\u00e9l\u00e9phonie mobile dans un pays comme le Mali, et notamment l\u2019habitude de changer r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement de puce t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique, faisait craindre de grandes difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 contacter des num\u00e9ros collect\u00e9s trois ans plus t\u00f4t. Ce taux \u00e9lev\u00e9 de contact a vraisemblablement repos\u00e9, au moins en partie, sur (i) un \u00e9chantillonnage flexible, n\u2019imposant pas que le contact soit \u00e9tabli avec la personne ayant d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le num\u00e9ro de t\u00e9l\u00e9phone concern\u00e9 dans la base de sondage utilis\u00e9e ; (ii) une rigueur particuli\u00e8re des enqu\u00eateur\u00b7trice\u00b7s et supervieur\u00b7se\u00b7s dans le suivi des tentatives d\u2019appels et des rappels ; et (iii) un protocole de remplacement permettant de compenser les quelques difficult\u00e9s de contact rencontr\u00e9es.<\/p><p>Concernant l\u2019analyse des donn\u00e9es, la m\u00e9thode LE offre des possibilit\u00e9s vastes pour produire des mesures sans biais d\u2019exp\u00e9riences et de pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences potentiellement sensibles, mais \u00e9galement pour quantifier les biais de r\u00e9ponse qui peuvent les caract\u00e9riser lorsqu\u2019elles sont mesur\u00e9es par questions directes. Les r\u00e9sultats de l\u2019analyse des donn\u00e9es collect\u00e9es par l\u2019enqu\u00eate LE Ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 sont prometteurs dans ces deux directions. L\u2019exploration des donn\u00e9es permettra \u00e9galement de souligner d\u2019\u00e9ventuelles h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9s dans les biais de mesure et ainsi d\u2019identifier des segments de la population dont les exp\u00e9riences et pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences peuvent \u00eatre particuli\u00e8rement difficiles \u00e0 mesurer de fa\u00e7on standard. Un tel enseignement pourrait s\u2019av\u00e9rer particuli\u00e8rement important pour le ciblage et l\u2019\u00e9valuation des politiques publiques li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9, par exemple dans une perspective de prise en charge des victimes ou de d\u00e9sarmement.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-839ceb3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"839ceb3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Annexes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a7b628 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6a7b628\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Annexe A : Modules du questionnaire communs \u00e0 tou\u00b7te\u00b7s les enqu\u00eat\u00e9\u00b7e\u00b7s<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bc62b7 eael-table-align-center eael-dt-th-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-data-table\" data-id=\"1bc62b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-data-table.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-data-table-wrap\" data-table_id=\"1bc62b7\" id=\"eael-data-table-wrapper-1bc62b7\" data-custom_responsive=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"tablesorter eael-data-table center\" id=\"eael-data-table-1bc62b7\">\n\t\t\t    <thead>\n\t\t\t        <tr class=\"table-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t            <th class=\" sorting\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\"><\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\" sorting\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">\u00c9chantillon total<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\" sorting\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Groupe de traitement<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t        <\/tr>\n\t\t\t    <\/thead>\n\t\t\t  \t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0.1\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u00cates-vous bien M\/Mme [PR\u00c9NOM] ?\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOui &gt; 0.2\n<br>Non &gt; 0.1.b\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0.1.b\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tQuel est votre pr\u00e9nom ? \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u00c9crire le pr\u00e9nom\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0.2\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAvez-vous 18 ans ou plus ?\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOui\n<br>Non &gt; Remplacement\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0.3\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEnqu\u00eateur notez le sexe de la personne enqu\u00eat\u00e9e\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHomme\n<br>Femme\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0.4\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEnqu\u00eateur notez en quelle langue l\u2019enqu\u00eate peut avoir lieu\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBambara &gt; Consentement\n\nSonink\u00e9 &gt; Consentement\n\nTamacheck &gt; Consentement\n\nFoulfould\u00e9 &gt; Consentement\n\nSongha\u00ef &gt; Consentement\n\nFran\u00e7ais &gt; Consentement\n\nPas de langue commune &gt; Fin du questionnaire\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t    <\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t  \t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52fdc76 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"52fdc76\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Bloc Remplacement<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f60603c eael-table-align-center eael-dt-th-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-data-table\" data-id=\"f60603c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-data-table.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-data-table-wrap\" data-table_id=\"f60603c\" id=\"eael-data-table-wrapper-f60603c\" data-custom_responsive=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"tablesorter eael-data-table center\" id=\"eael-data-table-f60603c\">\n\t\t\t    <thead>\n\t\t\t        <tr class=\"table-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t            <th class=\" sorting\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">R1<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\" sorting\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Puis-je parler \u00e0 une personne \u00e2g\u00e9e de 18 ans ou plus faisant partie de votre m\u00e9nage svp ? <\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\" sorting\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Oui<br><br>Oui, mais pas maintenant<br><br>&gt; R6<br><br>Non &gt; Fin du questionnaire<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t        <\/tr>\n\t\t\t    <\/thead>\n\t\t\t  \t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tR2\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAvez-vous 18 ans ou plus ?\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOui \n<br>No &gt; R1\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tR3\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEnqu\u00eateur notez le sexe de la personne enqu\u00eat\u00e9e\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHomme\n<br>Femme\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tR4\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tQuel est votre pr\u00e9nom ?\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u00c9crire le pr\u00e9nom\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tR5\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEnqu\u00eateur notez en quelle langue l\u2019enqu\u00eate peut avoir lieu\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBambara &gt; Consentement\n\nSonink\u00e9 &gt; Consentement\n\nTamacheck &gt; Consentement\n\nFoulfould\u00e9 &gt; Consentement\n\nSongha\u00ef &gt; Consentement\n\nFran\u00e7ais &gt; Consentement\n\nPas de langue commune &gt; Fin du questionnaire\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tR6\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPouvez-vous me donner le pr\u00e9nom d\u2019une personne \u00e2g\u00e9e de 18 ans ou plus faisant partie de votre m\u00e9nage ?\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOui &gt; \u00c9crire le pr\u00e9nom\n<br>Non &gt; Fin de questionnaire\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tR6\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPouvez-vous me donner le pr\u00e9nom d\u2019une personne \u00e2g\u00e9e de 18 ans ou plus faisant partie de votre m\u00e9nage ?\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOui &gt; \u00c9crire le pr\u00e9nom\n<br>Non &gt; Fin de questionnaire\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tR7\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u00c0 quel num\u00e9ro puis-je la joindre svp ?\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u00c0 ce m\u00eame num\u00e9ro\n\n\u00c0 un autre num\u00e9ro &gt; \u00c9crire le num\u00e9ro de t\u00e9l\u00e9phone<br><br>\u00c0 un autre num\u00e9ro que je ne connais pas\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tR8\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSavez-vous \u00e0 quel moment je peux la joindre ?\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMois\n\nJour\n\nMatin\/Apr\u00e8s-midi\/Soir<br><br>Ne sait pas <br>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t    <\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t  \t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c8c2d93 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c8c2d93\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"> Bloc Suite \u00e0 la prise de rendez-vous<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-775aad8 eael-table-align-center eael-dt-th-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-data-table\" data-id=\"775aad8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-data-table.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-data-table-wrap\" data-table_id=\"775aad8\" id=\"eael-data-table-wrapper-775aad8\" data-custom_responsive=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"tablesorter eael-data-table center\" id=\"eael-data-table-775aad8\">\n\t\t\t    <thead>\n\t\t\t        <tr class=\"table-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t            <th class=\" sorting\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">P1<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\" sorting\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">\u00cates-vous bien [LAST AND FIRST NAME] ?<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\" sorting\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Oui &gt; P2 <br>Non &gt; P1.b<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t        <\/tr>\n\t\t\t    <\/thead>\n\t\t\t  \t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tP1.b\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tQuel est votre pr\u00e9nom ?\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u00c9crire le pr\u00e9nom\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tP2\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAvez-vous 18 ans ou plus ?\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOui\n<br>Non &gt; Replacement\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tP3\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEnqu\u00eateur notez le sexe de la personne enqu\u00eat\u00e9e\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHomme\n<br>Femme\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tP4\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEnqu\u00eateur notez en quelle langue l\u2019enqu\u00eate peut avoir lieu\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBambara &gt; Consentement\n\nSonink\u00e9 &gt; Consentement\n\nTamacheck &gt; Consentement\n\nFoulfould\u00e9 &gt; Consentement\n\nSongha\u00ef &gt; Consentement\n\nFran\u00e7ais &gt; Consentement\n\nPas de langue commune &gt; Fin du questionnaire\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t    <\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t  \t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff89d56 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ff89d56\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"\" data-mesh-id=\"comp-lq4x0acainlineContent\" data-testid=\"inline-content\"><div data-mesh-id=\"comp-lq4x0acainlineContent-gridContainer\" data-testid=\"mesh-container-content\"><div id=\"comp-lq4x0acc\" class=\"TWFxr5 \"><div class=\"comp-lq4x0acc\"><div class=\"sGWYken comp-lq4x0acc\" data-hook=\"ricosviewer-wrapper\"><div class=\"nIlW2\" dir=\"ltr\" data-id=\"content-viewer\"><div class=\"C0hbR\"><div class=\"av0i6\"><div id=\"viewer-1l2xt237048\" class=\"-O-wI\">\u00a0<\/div><p id=\"viewer-mz896747398\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\"><strong>Module de consentement<\/strong><\/span><\/p><div id=\"viewer-2274c237488\" class=\"-O-wI\"><div class=\"TMYSQ msGXE\"><div class=\"zYD5v\"><table class=\"oiiFZ\" data-hook=\"TableComponent\"><colgroup> <col \/> <col \/> <col \/><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><td class=\"_1Cva9\" data-hook=\"table-plugin-cell\"><div class=\"hjEXf BjURr\"><p id=\"viewer-90m7o237491\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\">C0<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><td class=\"_1Cva9\" data-hook=\"table-plugin-cell\"><div class=\"hjEXf BjURr\"><p id=\"viewer-xm1ry237494\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\">Avez-vous bien compris et \u00eates-vous d\u2019accord pour participer \u00e0 cette enqu\u00eate ?<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><td class=\"_1Cva9\" data-hook=\"table-plugin-cell\"><div class=\"hjEXf BjURr\"><p id=\"viewer-4n71c237497\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\">Oui &gt; Caract\u00e9ristiques<\/span><\/p><p id=\"viewer-1e4g9237499\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\">Oui, mais pas maintenant car je n\u2019ai pas le temps &gt; C1<\/span><\/p><p id=\"viewer-4kxxk237501\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\">Non &gt; Fin du questionnaire<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"_1Cva9\" data-hook=\"table-plugin-cell\"><div class=\"hjEXf BjURr\"><p id=\"viewer-698kj237505\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\">C1<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><td class=\"_1Cva9\" data-hook=\"table-plugin-cell\"><div class=\"hjEXf BjURr\"><p id=\"viewer-omke8237508\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\">Puis-je vous recontacter \u00e0 un autre moment ?<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><td class=\"_1Cva9\" data-hook=\"table-plugin-cell\"><div class=\"hjEXf BjURr\"><p id=\"viewer-96veb237511\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\">Oui<\/span><\/p><p id=\"viewer-a4ufz237513\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\">Non &gt; Fin du questionnaire<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"_1Cva9\" data-hook=\"table-plugin-cell\"><div class=\"hjEXf BjURr\"><p id=\"viewer-n8m0o237517\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\">C2<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><td class=\"_1Cva9\" data-hook=\"table-plugin-cell\"><div class=\"hjEXf BjURr\"><p id=\"viewer-44jxh237520\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\">Prise de RDV<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><td class=\"_1Cva9\" data-hook=\"table-plugin-cell\"><div class=\"hjEXf BjURr\"><p id=\"viewer-ntwl4237523\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\">Mois<\/span><\/p><p id=\"viewer-3lym4237525\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\">Jours<\/span><\/p><p id=\"viewer-d47fr237527\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\">Heure<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><p id=\"viewer-zvcc5237531\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\"><strong>Module de caract\u00e9ristiques g\u00e9n\u00e9rales <\/strong><\/span><\/p><div id=\"viewer-bwkim237533\" class=\"-O-wI\"><div class=\"TMYSQ msGXE\"><div class=\"zYD5v\"><table class=\"oiiFZ\" data-hook=\"TableComponent\"><colgroup> <col \/> <col \/> <col \/><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><td class=\"_1Cva9\" data-hook=\"table-plugin-cell\"><div class=\"hjEXf BjURr\"><p id=\"viewer-bfpby237536\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\">A1<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><td class=\"_1Cva9\" data-hook=\"table-plugin-cell\"><div class=\"hjEXf BjURr\"><p id=\"viewer-5tpxf237539\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\">Quel est votre \u00e2ge ?<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><td class=\"_1Cva9\" data-hook=\"table-plugin-cell\"><div class=\"hjEXf BjURr\"><p id=\"viewer-97z8b237542\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\">\u00c9crire l\u2019\u00e2ge<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"_1Cva9\" data-hook=\"table-plugin-cell\"><div class=\"hjEXf BjURr\"><p id=\"viewer-mvxcg237546\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\">A2<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><td class=\"_1Cva9\" data-hook=\"table-plugin-cell\"><div class=\"hjEXf BjURr\"><p id=\"viewer-hrqvu237549\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\">Avez-vous termin\u00e9 le niveau fondamental 1 ?<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><td class=\"_1Cva9\" data-hook=\"table-plugin-cell\"><div class=\"hjEXf BjURr\"><p id=\"viewer-tjao2237552\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\">Oui<\/span><\/p><p id=\"viewer-hjjc8237554\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\">Non<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"_1Cva9\" data-hook=\"table-plugin-cell\"><div class=\"hjEXf BjURr\"><p id=\"viewer-botdq237558\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\">A3<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><td class=\"_1Cva9\" data-hook=\"table-plugin-cell\"><div class=\"hjEXf BjURr\"><p id=\"viewer-5j3va237561\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\">Quel est votre statut matrimonial ?<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><td class=\"_1Cva9\" data-hook=\"table-plugin-cell\"><div class=\"hjEXf BjURr\"><p id=\"viewer-oi7d4237564\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\">Mari\u00e9(e) monogame<\/span><\/p><p id=\"viewer-d8ucp237566\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\">Mari\u00e9(e) polygame<\/span><\/p><p id=\"viewer-65gm1237568\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\">Union libre<\/span><\/p><p id=\"viewer-mbv60237570\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\">C\u00e9libataire (jamais mari\u00e9(e))<\/span><\/p><p id=\"viewer-5floc237572\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\">Divorc\u00e9(e) \/ s\u00e9par\u00e9(e)<\/span><\/p><p id=\"viewer-s1dad237574\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\">Veuf (veuve)<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"_1Cva9\" data-hook=\"table-plugin-cell\"><div class=\"hjEXf BjURr\"><p id=\"viewer-jr4k8237578\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\">A4<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><td class=\"_1Cva9\" data-hook=\"table-plugin-cell\"><div class=\"hjEXf BjURr\"><p id=\"viewer-x9eq4237581\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\"> Quelle est votre langue maternelle ?<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><td class=\"_1Cva9\" data-hook=\"table-plugin-cell\"><div class=\"hjEXf BjURr\"><p id=\"viewer-q73z3237584\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\">S\u00e9lectionner la langue<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"_1Cva9\" data-hook=\"table-plugin-cell\"><div class=\"hjEXf BjURr\"><p id=\"viewer-ta52m237588\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\">A5<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><td class=\"_1Cva9\" data-hook=\"table-plugin-cell\"><div class=\"hjEXf BjURr\"><p id=\"viewer-b08ei237591\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\"> Quelle est votre r\u00e9gion de r\u00e9sidence ? <\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><td class=\"_1Cva9\" data-hook=\"table-plugin-cell\"><div class=\"hjEXf BjURr\"><p id=\"viewer-p3ua5237594\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\">S\u00e9lectionner la r\u00e9gion<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"_1Cva9\" data-hook=\"table-plugin-cell\"><div class=\"hjEXf BjURr\"><p id=\"viewer-u88fl237598\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\">A6<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><td class=\"_1Cva9\" data-hook=\"table-plugin-cell\"><div class=\"hjEXf BjURr\"><p id=\"viewer-urxz4237601\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\"> Quel est votre cercle de r\u00e9sidence ?<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><td class=\"_1Cva9\" data-hook=\"table-plugin-cell\"><div class=\"hjEXf BjURr\"><p id=\"viewer-je1cn237604\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\">S\u00e9lectionner le cercle<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"_1Cva9\" data-hook=\"table-plugin-cell\"><div class=\"hjEXf BjURr\"><p id=\"viewer-ssmdg237608\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\">A7<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><td class=\"_1Cva9\" data-hook=\"table-plugin-cell\"><div class=\"hjEXf BjURr\"><p id=\"viewer-c80dy237611\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\">Quelle est votre commune de r\u00e9sidence ?<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><td class=\"_1Cva9\" data-hook=\"table-plugin-cell\"><div class=\"hjEXf BjURr\"><p id=\"viewer-ww85o237614\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\">S\u00e9lectionner la commune<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"_1Cva9\" data-hook=\"table-plugin-cell\"><div class=\"hjEXf BjURr\"><p id=\"viewer-lkzbk237618\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\">A8<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><td class=\"_1Cva9\" data-hook=\"table-plugin-cell\"><div class=\"hjEXf BjURr\"><p id=\"viewer-6bqfo237621\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\">Depuis quand r\u00e9sidez-vous dans cette commune ?<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><td class=\"_1Cva9\" data-hook=\"table-plugin-cell\"><div class=\"hjEXf BjURr\"><p id=\"viewer-nzr86237624\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\">Depuis toujours<\/span><\/p><p id=\"viewer-gtq14237626\" class=\"o0STb GF80u gaH2j HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk\">Depuis [ann\u00e9e]<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><h3 id=\"viewer-33e7i237630\" class=\"a5A3t A-ZZ4 _6Vwzd HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"-EZUV _6Vwzd\">Annexe B : Protocole de remplacement<\/span><\/h3><p id=\"viewer-33isa1463687\" class=\"o0STb GF80u _6Vwzd HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk _6Vwzd\">Comme expliqu\u00e9 dans le paragraphe \u00ab L\u2019\u00e9chantillonnage \u00bb, l\u2019\u00e9chantillon de 2 000 num\u00e9ros de t\u00e9l\u00e9phone a \u00e9t\u00e9 divis\u00e9 al\u00e9atoirement en une liste principale de 1 400 num\u00e9ros, et une autre de remplacement de 600 num\u00e9ros. La liste de remplacement a \u00e9t\u00e9 mobilis\u00e9e lorsqu\u2019un num\u00e9ro de la liste principale ne pouvait faire l\u2019objet d\u2019une enqu\u00eate, en particulier en cas de num\u00e9ro non attribu\u00e9, de refus de participer, ou d\u2019absence de personne \u00e9ligible dans le m\u00e9nage. <\/span><\/p><p id=\"viewer-ab0lb237634\" class=\"o0STb GF80u _6Vwzd HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk _6Vwzd\">Plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment, les 1 400 num\u00e9ros de t\u00e9l\u00e9phone de la liste principale ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9partis entre les 12 enqu\u00eateur\u00b7trices de l\u2019\u00e9quipe. En cas d\u2019\u00e9chec d\u2019un appel, l\u2019enqu\u00eateur\u00b7trice \u00e9tait invit\u00e9\u00b7e \u00e0 indiquer si le num\u00e9ro \u00e9tait non attribu\u00e9 ou si le t\u00e9l\u00e9phone n\u2019avait pas \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9croch\u00e9. Dans le premier cas, la liste de remplacement \u00e9tait mobilis\u00e9e par le\u00b7la superviseur\u00b7se pour fournir \u00e0 l\u2019enqu\u00eateur\u00b7trice un num\u00e9ro de t\u00e9l\u00e9phone alternatif ayant le m\u00eame statut de traitement, en veillant \u00e0 respecter l\u2019\u00e9quilibre du tirage par r\u00e9gion. Dans le second cas, l\u2019enqu\u00eateur\u00b7trice rappelait le num\u00e9ro trois fois par jour, pendant trois jours, avant de solliciter un num\u00e9ro de remplacement. <\/span><\/p><p id=\"viewer-wly9c237636\" class=\"o0STb GF80u _6Vwzd HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk _6Vwzd\">Notons que, si la base de sondage EHCVM fournissait l\u2019identit\u00e9 du propri\u00e9taire de chaque num\u00e9ro de t\u00e9l\u00e9phone en 2018, ainsi qu\u2019un ensemble de ses caract\u00e9ristiques, le protocole d\u2019enqu\u00eate n\u2019imposait pas que la personne ayant r\u00e9pondu \u00e0 l\u2019EHCVM soit retrouv\u00e9e. En particulier, l\u2019enqu\u00eate \u00ab LE Ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00bb a \u00e9t\u00e9 propos\u00e9e, et administr\u00e9e en cas de consentement, \u00e0 toute personne \u00e9ligible (c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire majeure) ayant r\u00e9pondu \u00e0 un num\u00e9ro de t\u00e9l\u00e9phone \u00e9chantillonn\u00e9. <\/span><\/p><p id=\"viewer-0drjz237638\" class=\"o0STb GF80u _6Vwzd HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk _6Vwzd\">En cas de contact t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec une personne non \u00e9ligible (personne \u00e2g\u00e9e de moins de 18 ans), l\u2019enqu\u00eateur\u00b7trice cherchait \u00e0 \u00e9tablir le contact avec un membre \u00e9ligible du m\u00eame m\u00e9nage \u2013 soit directement pendant ce premier appel, soit en rappelant au m\u00eame num\u00e9ro ou \u00e0 un num\u00e9ro alternatif indiqu\u00e9 par l\u2019interlocuteur\u00b7trice, au moment opportun.<\/span><\/p><p id=\"viewer-tm0ux237640\" class=\"o0STb GF80u _6Vwzd HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk _6Vwzd\">Le protocole de prise de contact et de remplacement est r\u00e9sum\u00e9 dans la figure 1.<\/span><\/p><p id=\"viewer-xhutt237642\" class=\"o0STb GF80u _6Vwzd HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"B-fpk _6Vwzd\">Les 12 enqu\u00eateur\u00b7trice\u00b7s du GREAT ont finalement men\u00e9 l\u2019enqu\u00eate aupr\u00e8s d\u2019un \u00e9chantillon de 1 509 personnes : 764 dans le groupe de contr\u00f4le et 745 dans le groupe de traitement.<\/span><\/p><h5 id=\"viewer-n1zx4237646\" class=\"_0iVKq A-ZZ4 LEG-P HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/h5><div id=\"viewer-ojkcv775787\" class=\"-O-wI\"><div class=\"peFtv hxhTK\"><figure class=\"yrpQK\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" data-hook=\"imageViewer\" aria-haspopup=\"true\"><div id=\"ojkcv775787\" class=\"YgO18 _7cQp8 MYYaD\"><figure id=\"attachment_16302\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16302\" style=\"width: 2010px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-16302 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Capture-decran-2025-11-22-a-13.05.16.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"2010\" height=\"1128\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-16302\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 1 : Protocole de prise de contact et de remplacement<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"AJDpy\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\">\u00a0<\/div><\/figure><\/div><\/div><div id=\"viewer-1nokm237729\" class=\"o0STb GF80u joYDm HjRUP\" dir=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d9184d e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2d9184d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7fd8c3 ignoretoc elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a7fd8c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Les auteurs<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38b0172 ignoretoc elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-link-in-bio\" data-id=\"38b0172\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"link-in-bio.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio e-link-in-bio\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image e-link-in-bio__identity-image-profile has-style-circle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Olivia-Bertelli--225x300.jpg\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image-element\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Olivia-Bertelli--225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Olivia-Bertelli-.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bio\">\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"e-link-in-bio__heading\">Olivia Bertelli<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"e-link-in-bio__title\">\u00c9conomiste Universit\u00e9 Paris-Dauphine, LEDa-DIAL, Paris, France<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icons has-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon is-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a aria-label=\"Email\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-link\" href=\"mailto:olivia.bertelli@dauphine.psl.eu?subject=Contact%20from%20GA%20Bio\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-svg\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__ctas has-type-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/authors\/olivia-bertelli\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener \" class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta is-type-button has-corners-rounded\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tVoir le profil complet\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6575daf ignoretoc elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-link-in-bio\" data-id=\"6575daf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"link-in-bio.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio e-link-in-bio\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image e-link-in-bio__identity-image-profile has-style-circle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Thomas-Calvo--225x300.jpg\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image-element\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Thomas-Calvo--225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Thomas-Calvo-.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bio\">\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"e-link-in-bio__heading\">Thomas Calvo<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"e-link-in-bio__title\">\u00c9conomiste IRD, LEDa-DIAL, Paris, France<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icons has-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon is-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a aria-label=\"Email\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-link\" href=\"mailto:thomas.calvo@ird.fr?subject=Contact%20from%20GA%20Bio\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-svg\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__ctas has-type-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/authors\/thomas-calvo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener \" class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta is-type-button has-corners-rounded\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tVoir le profil complet\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9668c36 ignoretoc elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-link-in-bio\" data-id=\"9668c36\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"link-in-bio.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio e-link-in-bio\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image e-link-in-bio__identity-image-profile has-style-circle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Massa-Coulibaly--225x300.jpg\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image-element\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Massa-Coulibaly--225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Massa-Coulibaly-.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bio\">\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"e-link-in-bio__heading\">Massa Coulibaly<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"e-link-in-bio__title\">\u00c9conomiste GREAT, Bamako, Mali<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icons has-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon is-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a aria-label=\"Email\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-link\" href=\"mailto:massa@greatmali.net?subject=Contact%20from%20GA%20Bio\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-svg\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__ctas has-type-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/authors\/massa-coulibaly\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener \" class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta is-type-button has-corners-rounded\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tVoir le profil complet\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf10466 ignoretoc elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-link-in-bio\" data-id=\"bf10466\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"link-in-bio.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio e-link-in-bio\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image e-link-in-bio__identity-image-profile has-style-circle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Moussa-Coulibaly--225x300.jpg\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image-element\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Moussa-Coulibaly--225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Moussa-Coulibaly-.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bio\">\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"e-link-in-bio__heading\">Moussa Coulibaly<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"e-link-in-bio__title\">Statisticien GREAT, Bamako, Mali<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icons has-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon is-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a aria-label=\"Email\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-link\" href=\"mailto:bamoussa@greatmali.net?subject=Contact%20from%20GA%20Bio\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-svg\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__ctas has-type-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/authors\/moussa-coulibaly\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener \" class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta is-type-button has-corners-rounded\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tVoir le profil complet\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-202d372 ignoretoc elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-link-in-bio\" data-id=\"202d372\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"link-in-bio.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio e-link-in-bio\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image e-link-in-bio__identity-image-profile has-style-circle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Emmanuelle-Lavallee--225x300.jpg\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image-element\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Emmanuelle-Lavallee--225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Emmanuelle-Lavallee-.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bio\">\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"e-link-in-bio__heading\">Emmanuelle Lavall\u00e9e<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"e-link-in-bio__title\">\u00c9conomiste Universit\u00e9 Paris-Dauphine, LEDa-DIAL, Paris, France<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icons has-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon is-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a aria-label=\"Email\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-link\" href=\"mailto:emmanuelle.lavallee@dauphine.psl.eu?subject=Contact%20from%20GA%20Bio\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-svg\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__ctas has-type-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/authors\/emmanuelle-lavallee\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener \" class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta is-type-button has-corners-rounded\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tVoir le profil complet\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c6d5f9 ignoretoc elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-link-in-bio\" data-id=\"6c6d5f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"link-in-bio.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio e-link-in-bio\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image e-link-in-bio__identity-image-profile has-style-circle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Marion-Mercier--225x300.jpg\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image-element\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Marion-Mercier--225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Marion-Mercier-.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bio\">\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"e-link-in-bio__heading\">Marion Mercier<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"e-link-in-bio__title\">\u00c9conomiste CNRS, LEDa-DIAL, Paris, France<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icons has-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon is-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a aria-label=\"Email\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-link\" href=\"mailto:marion.mercier@cnrs.fr?subject=Contact%20from%20GA%20Bio\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-svg\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__ctas has-type-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/authors\/marion-mercier\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener \" class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta is-type-button has-corners-rounded\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tVoir le profil complet\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e3be29 ignoretoc elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-link-in-bio\" data-id=\"2e3be29\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"link-in-bio.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio e-link-in-bio\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image e-link-in-bio__identity-image-profile has-style-circle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Sandrine-Mesple-Somps--225x300.jpg\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image-element\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Sandrine-Mesple-Somps--225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Sandrine-Mesple-Somps-.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bio\">\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"e-link-in-bio__heading\">Sandrine Mespl\u00e9-Somps<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"e-link-in-bio__title\">\u00c9conomiste IRD, LEDa-DIAL, Paris, France<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icons has-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon is-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a aria-label=\"Email\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-link\" href=\"mailto:sandrine.mesple-somps@ird.fr?subject=Contact%20from%20GA%20Bio\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-svg\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__ctas has-type-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/authors\/sandrine-mesple-somps\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener \" class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta is-type-button has-corners-rounded\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tVoir le profil complet\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7da8f6e ignoretoc elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-link-in-bio\" data-id=\"7da8f6e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"link-in-bio.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio e-link-in-bio\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image e-link-in-bio__identity-image-profile has-style-circle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Ousmane-Z.-Traore--225x300.jpg\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image-element\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Ousmane-Z.-Traore--225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Ousmane-Z.-Traore-.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bio\">\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"e-link-in-bio__heading\">Ousmane Z. Traor\u00e9<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"e-link-in-bio__title\">\u00c9conomiste IRD, LEDa-DIAL, Paris, France<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icons has-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon is-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a aria-label=\"Email\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-link\" href=\"mailto:ousmane-z.traore.1@ulaval.ca?subject=Contact%20from%20GA%20Bio\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-svg\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__ctas has-type-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/authors\/ousmane-z.-traore\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener \" class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta is-type-button has-corners-rounded\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tVoir le profil complet\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca44f9b ignoretoc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ca44f9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c9galement dans ce num\u00e9ro<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08ab0bf elementor-grid-1 elementor-grid-tablet-1 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-posts--thumbnail-top elementor-posts--show-avatar elementor-card-shadow-yes elementor-posts__hover-gradient elementor-widget elementor-widget-posts\" data-id=\"08ab0bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_columns&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_row_gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:27,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_columns_tablet&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_columns_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_row_gap_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_row_gap_tablet_extra&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_row_gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_row_gap_mobile_extra&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_row_gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"posts.posts_cards_pp_authors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-posts-container elementor-posts elementor-posts--skin-posts_cards_pp_authors elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-15271 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-revue author-global-africa\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/numero-10-global-africa-savoirs-protecteurs-savoir-proteger\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"1200\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Issue-10-\u2013-Global-AfricaProtective-Knowledges-The-Wisdom-to-Protect-.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-15268\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t        <div class=\"elementor-post__avatar\">\n            <img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/>        <\/div>\n        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/numero-10-global-africa-savoirs-protecteurs-savoir-proteger\/\" target=&quot;_blank&quot;>\n\t\t\t\tNum\u00e9ro 10 \u2013 Global Africa\u00ab Savoirs protecteurs, savoir prot\u00e9ger \u00bb\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/numero-10-global-africa-savoirs-protecteurs-savoir-proteger\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur Num\u00e9ro 10 \u2013 Global Africa\u00ab Savoirs protecteurs, savoir prot\u00e9ger \u00bb\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\tRead More \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t        <span class=\"elementor-post-author\">\n\t\t\tGlobal Africa\t\t<\/span>\n        \t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-15509 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-analyses-critiques author-karine-collette-fr author-ibrahima-ba-fr\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/terre-mere-trace-discursive-dune-emancipation-ecologique-au-nord-et-au-sud\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"527\" height=\"752\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Capture-decran-2025-06-27-a-19.19.41.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-14990\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Capture-decran-2025-06-27-a-19.19.41.png 527w, https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Capture-decran-2025-06-27-a-19.19.41-210x300.png 210w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 527px) 100vw, 527px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t        <div class=\"elementor-post__avatar\">\n            <img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/><img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/>        <\/div>\n        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/terre-mere-trace-discursive-dune-emancipation-ecologique-au-nord-et-au-sud\/\" target=&quot;_blank&quot;>\n\t\t\t\tTerre-M\u00e8re : trace discursive d\u2019une \u00e9mancipation \u00e9cologique au Nord et au Sud ?\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/terre-mere-trace-discursive-dune-emancipation-ecologique-au-nord-et-au-sud\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur Terre-M\u00e8re : trace discursive d\u2019une \u00e9mancipation \u00e9cologique au Nord et au Sud ?\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\tRead More \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t        <span class=\"elementor-post-author\">\n\t\t\tKarine Collette, Ibrahima Ba\t\t<\/span>\n        \t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-15517 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-champ author-cheikh-sadibou-sakho-fr author-masengesho-kamuzinzi-fr\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/we-heal-together-un-savoir-protecteur-par-excellence-qui-sinspire-de-lheritage-africain-ou-les-responsabilites-envers-soi-et-envers-autrui-sont-indissociables\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"527\" height=\"752\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Capture-decran-2025-06-27-a-19.18.04.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-14982\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t        <div class=\"elementor-post__avatar\">\n            <img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Cheikh-Sadibou-Sakho-.webp' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Cheikh-Sadibou-Sakho-.webp' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/><img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/>        <\/div>\n        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/we-heal-together-un-savoir-protecteur-par-excellence-qui-sinspire-de-lheritage-africain-ou-les-responsabilites-envers-soi-et-envers-autrui-sont-indissociables\/\" target=&quot;_blank&quot;>\n\t\t\t\t\u00ab We Heal Together \u00bb, un savoir protecteur par excellence qui s\u2019inspire de l\u2019h\u00e9ritage africain, o\u00f9 les responsabilit\u00e9s envers soi et envers autrui sont indissociables\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/we-heal-together-un-savoir-protecteur-par-excellence-qui-sinspire-de-lheritage-africain-ou-les-responsabilites-envers-soi-et-envers-autrui-sont-indissociables\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur \u00ab We Heal Together \u00bb, un savoir protecteur par excellence qui s\u2019inspire de l\u2019h\u00e9ritage africain, o\u00f9 les responsabilit\u00e9s envers soi et envers autrui sont indissociables\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\tRead More \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t        <span class=\"elementor-post-author\">\n\t\t\tCheikh Sadibou Sakho, Masengesho Kamuzinzi\t\t<\/span>\n        \t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-15523 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-analyses-critiques author-cheikh-sadibou-sakho-fr author-ndeye-laity-ndiaye-fr\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/it-takes-a-village-reinventer-la-mise-a-labri-des-survivantes-de-violences-sexuelles-au-senegalpistes-a-partir-de-lexperience-du-centre-kullimaaroo-de-ziguinchor\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"527\" height=\"752\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Capture-decran-2025-06-27-a-19.17.22.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-14992\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t        <div class=\"elementor-post__avatar\">\n            <img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Cheikh-Sadibou-Sakho-.webp' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Cheikh-Sadibou-Sakho-.webp' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/><img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/>        <\/div>\n        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/it-takes-a-village-reinventer-la-mise-a-labri-des-survivantes-de-violences-sexuelles-au-senegalpistes-a-partir-de-lexperience-du-centre-kullimaaroo-de-ziguinchor\/\" target=&quot;_blank&quot;>\n\t\t\t\tIt Takes a Village! (R\u00e9)inventer la mise \u00e0 l\u2019abri des survivantes de violences sexuelles au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal<br>Pistes \u00e0 partir de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience du centre Kullimaaroo de Ziguinchor\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/it-takes-a-village-reinventer-la-mise-a-labri-des-survivantes-de-violences-sexuelles-au-senegalpistes-a-partir-de-lexperience-du-centre-kullimaaroo-de-ziguinchor\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur It Takes a Village! (R\u00e9)inventer la mise \u00e0 l\u2019abri des survivantes de violences sexuelles au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal&lt;br&gt;Pistes \u00e0 partir de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience du centre Kullimaaroo de Ziguinchor\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\tRead More \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t        <span class=\"elementor-post-author\">\n\t\t\tCheikh Sadibou Sakho, Nd\u00e8ye La\u00efty Ndiaye\t\t<\/span>\n        \t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e590199 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e590199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3dd1381 elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-adv-tabs\" data-id=\"3dd1381\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-adv-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t        <div data-scroll-on-click=\"no\" data-scroll-speed=\"300\" id=\"eael-advance-tabs-3dd1381\" class=\"eael-advance-tabs eael-tabs-horizontal eael-tab-auto-active  responsive-vertical-layout\" data-tabid=\"3dd1381\">\n            <div class=\"eael-tabs-nav \">\n                <ul class=\"eael-tab-inline-icon\" role=\"tablist\">\n                                            <li id=\"pour-citer-larticle-\" class=\"active-default eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"pour-citer-larticle--tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <i class=\"fas fa-quote-left\"><\/i>                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Pour citer l&rsquo;article :<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"notes\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"notes-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <i class=\"fas fa-notes-medical\"><\/i>                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Notes<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"bibliographie\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"bibliographie-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <i class=\"fas fa-book\"><\/i>                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Bibliographie<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                    \n                                  <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"eael-tabs-content\">\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"pour-citer-larticle--tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item active-default\" data-title-link=\"pour-citer-larticle--tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <h5>APA<\/h5>\n<p>Bertelli, O., Carvo, T., Coulibaly, M., Coulibaly, M., Lavall\u00e9e, E., Mercier, M., Mesple-Somps, S., &amp; Traor\u00e9, O. Z. (2023). Collecter des donn\u00e9es sur des exp\u00e9riences et attitudes sensibles : le cas du Mali. Global Africa, 4, pp. 157-174.   <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57832\/0tb4-rc49\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57832\/0tb4-rc49<\/a><\/p>\n<h5>MLA<\/h5>\n<p>Bertelli, Olivia, et al. \u00ab Collecter des donn\u00e9es sur des exp\u00e9riences et attitudes sensibles : le cas du Mali \u00bb. Global Africa, no. 4, 2023, p. 157-174. doi.org\/10.57832\/0tb4-rc49    <\/p>\n<h5>DOI<\/h5>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57832\/0tb4-rc49\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57832\/0tb4-rc49<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00a9 2023 by author(s). This work is openly licensed via CC BY-NC 4.0 <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"notes-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"notes-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <p id=\"viewer-jojkp237730\" class=\"o0STb GF80u joYDm HjRUP\"><span class=\"B-fpk\">[1] Cette enqu\u00eate a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7ue par Olivia Bertelli, Thomas Calvo, Emmanuelle Lavall\u00e9e, Marion Mercier et Sandrine Mespl\u00e9-Somps du centre de recherche fran\u00e7ais LEDa-DIAL, universit\u00e9 Paris-Dauphine. Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e dans le cadre du groupement de recherche international \u2013 Sud \u00ab Mesurer et observer les violences. Violences de genre et de conflits dans les pays en voie de d\u00e9veloppement \u00bb (GDRI-MOV), financ\u00e9 par l\u2019Institut de recherche pour le d\u00e9veloppement (IRD). <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-f3vh6237735\" class=\"o0STb GF80u joYDm HjRUP\"><span class=\"B-fpk\">[2] L\u2019ensemble des r\u00e9sultats statistiques pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 dans cet article a \u00e9t\u00e9 obtenu \u00e0 l\u2019aide du logiciel Stata.<\/span><\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"bibliographie-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"bibliographie-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <p id=\"viewer-foo\" class=\"o0STb GF80u joYDm HjRUP\"><span class=\"B-fpk\">Ag\u00fcero, J. M., &amp; Frisancho, V. (2022). Measuring violence against women with experimental methods. <em>Economic Development and Cultural Change<\/em>, 70(4), 1565-1590. <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-tn3n411996\" class=\"o0STb GF80u _6Vwzd HjRUP\"><span class=\"B-fpk _6Vwzd\">Asadullah, M. N., De Cao, E., Khatoon, F. Z., &amp; Siddique, Z. (2021). Measuring gender attitudes using list experiments. <em>Journal of Population Economics<\/em>, 34(2), 367-400.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-yogdd12002\" class=\"o0STb GF80u _6Vwzd HjRUP\"><span class=\"B-fpk _6Vwzd\">Blair, G., Coppock, A., &amp; Moor, M. (2020). When to worry about sensitivity bias: A social reference theory and evidence from 30 years of list experiments. <em>American Political Science Review<\/em>, 114(4), 1297-1315.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-oxbot12008\" class=\"o0STb GF80u _6Vwzd HjRUP\"><span class=\"B-fpk _6Vwzd\">Coffman, K. B., Coffman, L. C., &amp; Ericson, K. M. M. (2017). The size of the LGBT population and the magnitude of antigay sentiment are substantially underestimated. <em>Management Science<\/em>, 63(10), 3168-3186. <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-vjq5m12014\" class=\"o0STb GF80u _6Vwzd HjRUP\"><span class=\"B-fpk _6Vwzd\">Cullen, C. (2023). Method matters: the underreporting of intimate partner violence. <em>The World Bank Economic Review<\/em>, 37(1), 49-73. <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-5d48812020\" class=\"o0STb GF80u _6Vwzd HjRUP\"><span class=\"B-fpk _6Vwzd\">De Cao, E., &amp; Lutz, C. (2018). Sensitive survey questions: measuring attitudes regarding female genital cutting through a list experiment. <em>Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 80<\/em>(5), 871-892.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-ry4tv12026\" class=\"o0STb GF80u _6Vwzd HjRUP\"><span class=\"B-fpk _6Vwzd\">Gibson, M. A., Gurmu, E., Cobo, B., Rueda, M. M., &amp; Scott, I. M. (2018). Indirect questioning method reveals hidden support for female genital cutting in South Central Ethiopia. <em>PloS one<\/em>, 13(5), e0193985. <a class=\"_5VzWt lfO3I\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0193985\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0193985<\/u><\/a>  <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-g32sp12034\" class=\"o0STb GF80u _6Vwzd HjRUP\"><span class=\"B-fpk _6Vwzd\">Holbrook, A. L., &amp; Krosnick, J. A. (2010). Social desirability bias in voter turnout reports: tests using the item count technique. <em>Public Opinion Quarterly<\/em>, 74(1), 37-67. <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-2qzjy12040\" class=\"o0STb GF80u _6Vwzd HjRUP\"><span class=\"B-fpk _6Vwzd\">Karlan, D. S., &amp; Zinman, J. (2012). List randomization for sensitive behavior: an application for measuring use of loan proceeds. <em>Journal of Development Economics, 98<\/em>(1), 71-75. <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-60kd112046\" class=\"o0STb GF80u _6Vwzd HjRUP\"><span class=\"B-fpk _6Vwzd\">Jamison, J. C., Karlan, D., &amp; Raffler, P. (2013). <em>Mixed method evaluation of a passive mHealth sexual information texting service in Uganda<\/em>. NBER Working Paper no 19107, Washington, Center for Global Development, 37 p. <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-lplvq12052\" class=\"o0STb GF80u _6Vwzd HjRUP\"><span class=\"B-fpk _6Vwzd\">Joseph, G., Javaid, S. U., Andres, L. A., Chellaraj, G., Solotaroff, J. L., &amp; Rajan, S. I. (2017). <em>Underreporting of gender-based violence in Kerala, India: An application of the list randomization method.<\/em> World Bank Policy Research Working Paper no 8044, 33 p.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-dlle812058\" class=\"o0STb GF80u _6Vwzd HjRUP\"><span class=\"B-fpk _6Vwzd\">L\u00e9pine, A., Treibich, C., &amp; d\u2019Exelle, B. (2020). Nothing but the truth: consistency and efficiency of the list experiment method for the measurement of sensitive health behaviours. <em>Social Science &amp; Medicine<\/em>, 266, 113326. <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-54mj212062\" class=\"o0STb GF80u _6Vwzd HjRUP\"><span class=\"B-fpk _6Vwzd\">Porter, C., Favara, M., S\u00e1nchez, A., &amp; Scott, D. (2021). The impact of covid-19 lockdowns on physical domestic violence: evidence from a list randomization experiment. <em>SSM-Population Health<\/em>, 14, 100792. <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"viewer-xkfqq12066\" class=\"o0STb GF80u joYDm HjRUP\"><span class=\"B-fpk\">Treibich, C., &amp; L\u00e9pine, A. (2019). Estimating misreporting in condom use and its determinants among sex workers: evidence from the list randomisation method. <em>HealthEconomics<\/em>, 28(1), 144-160. <\/span><\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t                    <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5aff930 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5aff930\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc34b86 elementor-widget elementor-widget-off-canvas\" data-id=\"fc34b86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"off-canvas.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"off-canvas-fc34b86\" 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data-settings=\"{&quot;_position&quot;:&quot;fixed&quot;,&quot;_transform_rotateZ_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:90,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_rotateZ_effect_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;deg&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_rotateZ_effect_tablet_extra&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;deg&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_rotateZ_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;deg&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_rotateZ_effect_mobile_extra&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;deg&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_rotateZ_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;deg&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"eael-creative-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"eael-creative-button-wrapper\">\n\n            <a class=\"eael-creative-button eael-creative-button--default eael-cb-icon-position-\" href=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Doff_canvas%3Aopen%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ImZjMzRiODYiLCJkaXNwbGF5TW9kZSI6Im9wZW4ifQ%3D%3D\" data-text=\"Allez-y !\">\n            \t    \n                <div class=\"creative-button-inner\">\n\n                    \n                    <span class=\"cretive-button-text\">Table des mati\u00e8res<\/span>\n\n                                    <\/div>\n\t                        <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Num\u00e9ro 04 &#8211; M\u00e9thodes This post is also available in: English Fran\u00e7ais (French) T\u00c9L\u00c9CHARGER EN PDF 04.2023Th\u00e9oriser le pr\u00e9sent et le futur : Afrique, production de savoirs et enjeux globaux Publi\u00e9 le : 20 d\u00e9cembre 2023ISSN: 3020-0458 T\u00c9L\u00c9CHARGER LE NUM\u00c9RO PDF Abstract R\u00e9sum\u00e9 Muhtasari \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 In standard household surveys, the data collected are exposed to response bias, particularly for questions considered sensitive. The List Experiment method is an alternative survey technique for limiting these biases. This article presents the results of an experimental survey conducted using this method with 1,509 individuals throughout Mali. Individuals were surveyed by telephone during the summer of 2021 about their experiences and political attitudes related to insecurity. From a methodological point of view, we have drawn a number of lessons from the survey: among others, a very good understanding and acceptability of the method by the respondents, due in particular to the quality of the interviewers and supervisors; the need for a more complex sample design than for a standard questionnaire; and the importance of a short questionnaire when surveying by telephone. From an analytical point of view, the survey reveals the existence of significant social desirability biases &#8211; particularly for questions concerning political attitudes in relation to insecurity. Keywords Phone survey, Social desirability, Mali, List Experiment, Security Dans les enqu\u00eates standards aupr\u00e8s des m\u00e9nages, les donn\u00e9es collect\u00e9es sont expos\u00e9es \u00e0 des biais de r\u00e9ponses, particuli\u00e8rement pour les questions consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme sensibles. La m\u00e9thode par comptage de r\u00e9ponses est une technique d\u2019enqu\u00eate alternative permettant de limiter ces biais. Cet article pr\u00e9sente les r\u00e9sultats d\u2019une enqu\u00eate exp\u00e9rimentale men\u00e9e selon cette m\u00e9thode aupr\u00e8s de 1 509 individus sur l\u2019ensemble du territoire malien. Les personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 sond\u00e9es par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone durant l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 2021 \u00e0 propos d\u2019exp\u00e9riences et d\u2019attitudes politiques li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9. D\u2019un point de vue m\u00e9thodologique, nous en tirons plusieurs enseignements : entre autres, une tr\u00e8s bonne compr\u00e9hension et acceptabilit\u00e9 de la m\u00e9thode par les enqu\u00eat\u00e9\u00b7e\u00b7s, qui tient notamment \u00e0 la qualit\u00e9 des enqu\u00eateur\u00b7trice\u00b7s et des superviseur\u00b7se\u00b7s ; la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019un plan de sondage plus complexe que pour un questionnaire standard ; et l\u2019importance d\u2019un questionnaire court lorsqu\u2019on enqu\u00eate par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone. Du point de vue analytique, l\u2019enqu\u00eate fait ressortir l\u2019existence de biais d\u00e9claratifs significatifs \u2013 notamment pour les questions portant sur les pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences politiques en lien avec l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9. Mots-cl\u00e9s Enqu\u00eate t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique, biais d\u00e9claratif, Mali, List experiment, s\u00e9curit\u00e9 Kukusanya data kuhusu uzoefu na mitazamo nyeti: kesi ya Mali Katika tafiti za kawaida za kaya, data iliyokusanywa inakabiliwa na upendeleo wa majibu, hasa kwa maswali yanayozingatiwa kuwa nyeti. Mbinu ya kuhesabu majibu ni mbinu mbadala ya uchunguzi ili kupunguza upendeleo huu. Makala haya yanawasilisha matokeo ya uchunguzi wa majaribio uliofanywa kwa kutumia mbinu hii miongoni mwa watu 1,509 katika eneo lote la Mali. Watu walihojiwa kwa simu wakati wa kiangazi cha 2021 kuhusu uzoefu na mitazamo ya kisiasa inayohusiana na ukosefu wa usalama. Kutoka kwa mtazamo wa mbinu, tunatoa masomo kadhaa: kati ya wengine, uelewa mzuri sana na kukubalika kwa njia na wahojiwa, ambayo ni kutokana na ubora wa wachunguzi na wasimamizi wake; hitaji la mpango mgumu zaidi wa sampuli kuliko dodoso la kawaida; na umuhimu wa dodoso fupi wakati wa upimaji kwa njia ya simu. Kwa mtazamo wa uchanganuzi, uchunguzi unaangazia kuwepo kwa upendeleo mkubwa wa kutangaza &#8211; hasa kwa maswali yanayohusiana na mapendekezo ya kisiasa yanayohusishwa na ukosefu wa usalama. 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\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646. \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629- \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626- \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a &#8211; \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629- \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 Introduction Dans les enqu\u00eates standards en face-\u00e0-face, certains individus peuvent \u00eatre r\u00e9ticents \u00e0 d\u00e9voiler des informations personnelles concernant leurs exp\u00e9riences et leurs pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences, par crainte d\u2019un manque de confidentialit\u00e9 ou pour se conformer \u00e0 la norme sociale pr\u00e9valente. Les questions sensibles peuvent aussi cr\u00e9er une g\u00eane ou un stress lorsqu\u2019elles portent sur des exp\u00e9riences douloureuses ou des sujets controvers\u00e9s. Face \u00e0 ces possibles biais de mesure, l\u2019enqu\u00eate, ici d\u00e9nomm\u00e9e \u00ab LE Ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00bb, a combin\u00e9 deux m\u00e9thodes diff\u00e9rentes : des questions directes et un protocole exp\u00e9rimental bas\u00e9 sur la m\u00e9thode par comptage de r\u00e9ponses. Cette derni\u00e8re \u00e9vite aux personnes interrog\u00e9es de d\u00e9voiler directement l\u2019information qui les concerne, et permet ainsi, en \u00e9vitant toute forme d\u2019intrusion, de mesurer les taux de pr\u00e9valence exempts de biais d\u00e9claratifs.\u00a0 La m\u00e9thode par comptage de r\u00e9ponses (\u00ab LE \u00bb pour list experiment, aussi appel\u00e9e item-count technique) a \u00e9t\u00e9 mobilis\u00e9e dans des contextes divers pour documenter les biais d\u00e9claratifs portant sur une grande vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de comportements, comme le vote (Holbrook &amp; Krosnick, 2010), l\u2019utilisation de pr\u00eats (Karlan &amp; Zinman, 2012), le fait d\u2019avoir subi des actes de violence physique (Porter et al., 2021), les comportements sexuels (Jamison et al., 2013 ; Coffman et al., 2017), l\u2019utilisation de pr\u00e9servatifs chez les travailleuses du sexe (Treibich &amp; L\u00e9pine, 2019 ; L\u00e9pine et al., 2020) et les violences domestiques ou conjugales (voir par exemple Joseph et al., 2017 ; Ag\u00fcero &amp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":83,"featured_media":6659,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[212],"tags":[],"issues3":[],"post_folder":[],"ppma_author":[486,489,484,485,482,483,488,487],"class_list":["post-10106","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-methodes","author-olivia-bertelli-fr","author-thomas-calvo-fr","author-massa-coulibaly-fr","author-moussa-coulibaly-fr","author-emmanuelle-lavallee-fr","author-marion-mercier-fr","author-sandrine-mesple-somps-fr","author-ousmane-z-traore-fr"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Collecter des donn\u00e9es sur des exp\u00e9riences et attitudes sensibles : le cas du Mali | Global Africa<\/title>\n<meta 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