{"id":10087,"date":"2024-12-01T14:03:38","date_gmt":"2024-12-01T14:03:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/actualites\/joseph-ki-zerbo-et-le-cames-une-histoire-panafricaine-de-reconquete-de-soi\/"},"modified":"2025-05-15T15:09:08","modified_gmt":"2025-05-15T15:09:08","slug":"joseph-ki-zerbo-et-le-cames-une-histoire-panafricaine-de-reconquete-de-soi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/joseph-ki-zerbo-et-le-cames-une-histoire-panafricaine-de-reconquete-de-soi\/","title":{"rendered":"Joseph Ki-Zerbo et le Cames Une histoire panafricaine de reconqu\u00eate de soi"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"10087\" class=\"elementor elementor-10087\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-036a802 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"036a802\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d1d7910 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d1d7910\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c21c9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7c21c9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Num\u00e9ro 03 - (Re)d\u00e9couverte<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62d8bc1 elementor-author-box--link-yes ignoretoc elementor-author-box--avatar-yes elementor-author-box--name-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-author-box\" data-id=\"62d8bc1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"author-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/author\/chikouna-cisse-fr\/\" class=\"elementor-author-box__avatar\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Chikouna-Cisse-.jpg\" alt=\"Image de Chikouna Ciss\u00e9\" loading=\"lazy\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/author\/chikouna-cisse-fr\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-author-box__name\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tChikouna Ciss\u00e9\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-author-box__button elementor-button elementor-size-xs\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/author\/chikouna-cisse-fr\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tTous les articles de l'auteur\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5182bb3 ignoretoc elementor-widget elementor-widget-wpml-language-switcher\" data-id=\"5182bb3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wpml-language-switcher.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpml-elementor-ls\"><p class=\"wpml-ls-statics-post_translations wpml-ls\">This post is also available in: \n<span role=\"menu\">\n    <span class=\"wpml-ls-slot-post_translations wpml-ls-item wpml-ls-item-en wpml-ls-first-item wpml-ls-item-legacy-post-translations\" role=\"none\"><a 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href=\"\/?issues=Pan-africanism,%20African%20Research,%20and%20Global%20Challenges%20\">03.2023<br>Panafricanisme, recherche africaine et enjeux globaux<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2b07a4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2b07a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Publi\u00e9 le : 20 septembre 2023<\/strong><br><strong>ISSN: 3020-0458<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38d84bf elementor-align-center elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"38d84bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1240\" height=\"1754\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Global-Africa-Issue-03-Pan-africanism-African-Research-and-Global-Challenges.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-1087\" alt=\"Lagos 1980 and the Right of Africans to Science\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Global-Africa-Issue-03-Pan-africanism-African-Research-and-Global-Challenges.jpg 1240w, https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Global-Africa-Issue-03-Pan-africanism-African-Research-and-Global-Challenges-212x300.jpg 212w, https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Global-Africa-Issue-03-Pan-africanism-African-Research-and-Global-Challenges-724x1024.jpg 724w, https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Global-Africa-Issue-03-Pan-africanism-African-Research-and-Global-Challenges-768x1086.jpg 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa2f8e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-adv-tabs\" data-id=\"fa2f8e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-adv-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t        <div data-scroll-on-click=\"no\" data-scroll-speed=\"300\" id=\"eael-advance-tabs-fa2f8e7\" class=\"eael-advance-tabs eael-tabs-horizontal eael-tab-auto-active  responsive-vertical-layout\" data-tabid=\"fa2f8e7\">\n            <div class=\"eael-tabs-nav \">\n                <ul class=\"eael-tab-inline-icon\" role=\"tablist\">\n                                            <li id=\"abstract\" class=\"active-default eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"abstract-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg\" alt=\"\">\n                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Abstract<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"rsum\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"rsum-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Flag_of_France.svg\" alt=\"\">\n                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >R\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"muhtasari\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"muhtasari-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Flag_of_Kenya.svg\" alt=\"\">\n                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Muhtasari<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"\" class=\"inactive 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10.022-0.179 3.547-0.703 7.172-1.001 11.013-0.096 1.235-0.283 2.953-0.498 4.816 2.086-2.604 4.252-5.247 5.566-6.692 0.453-0.499 0.931-1.053 1.422-1.638 0.392-5.814 0.769-13.089 0.968-16.142 0.197-3.042 0.07-6.866 0.047-7.531-0.024-0.665 0.318-0.551 0.809 0.925 0.658 1.981 1.071 7.176 0.927 10.621-0.086 2.047-0.275 5.779-0.479 9.309 1.619-2.081 3.156-4.182 4.156-5.6 1.778-2.518 3.411-5.512 3.982-7.38 0.57-1.87 0.633-2.424 0.744-2.757s0.602 1.031 0.524 3.168\" fill=\"#fff\"><\/path><\/g><\/g><path id=\"sword\" d=\"m1558.8 1170.7c-1.1729-3.3554-4.7649-5.8169-9.0607-5.8169s-7.8806 2.4615-9.0608 5.8169h-40.678c-0.4105-4.5128-0.01-9.0477 1.2683-13.465l83.981-0.051 2.3385 3.9414c2.1113 3.5531 4.7797 6.7619 7.8731 9.5751zm55.596-39.026h-100.92c7.7559-5.5971 11.824-13.766 10.732-22.029-0.6964-5.2089-5.8571-9.099-12.147-9.6264h-3.1596c-7.6532 0.7472-13.203 6.2637-12.396 12.322l0.3079 2.3297 0.3738 3.5824c0.4106 4.4982 0.015 9.0183-1.2535 13.421h-745.97c11.077 16.117 31.273 26 53.082 25.985l680.71-0.4178c-7.7852 5.6044-11.868 13.788-10.769 22.066 0.8064 6.0585 7.6533 10.374 15.307 9.6263 7.6459-0.7472 13.195-6.2637 12.396-12.33l-0.3079-2.3223h40.004c0.7037 3.9048 4.6037 6.9011 9.354 6.9011s8.6502-2.9963 9.3613-6.9011h40.693v-0.095c8.4963 6.0294 19.294 9.4946 30.716 9.4946 10.747 0 19.456-7.4652 19.456-16.681v-4.8205c0-16.842-15.922-30.506-35.569-30.506\" fill=\"#fff\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg>                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                    \n                                  <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"eael-tabs-content\">\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"abstract-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item active-default\" data-title-link=\"abstract-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <p>This article analyzes the eminent role played by historian Joseph Ki-Zerbo in the 1968 creation of a pan-African epistemic community at the very dawn of independence: the African and Malagasy Council for Higher Education (CAMES). Ki-Zerbo&rsquo;s role cannot be understood by ignoring the historical context of the post-war period, when the battle to end the remnants of subjection was in full swing with the end of an African university under the Western academic mantle. This is why my theoretical approach crosses the paths of institutional history (the CAMES) with the biography of an individual to understand the overall history of a society or institution. To fuel my analysis, I draw mainly on the Cames archives, academic works devoted to Ki-Zerbo, his own sketches of ego-history and my book on the history of the CAMES.   <\/p>\n<h5>Keywords<\/h5>\n<p>Joseph Ki-Zerbo, African independences, African and Malagasy Council for Higher Education (CAMES), African University, ego-history<\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"rsum-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"rsum-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <p>Cet article analyse le r\u00f4le \u00e9minent jou\u00e9 par l\u2019historien Joseph Ki-Zerbo dans la cr\u00e9ation en 1968 d\u2019une communaut\u00e9 \u00e9pist\u00e9mique panafricaine d\u00e8s les premi\u00e8res lueurs des ind\u00e9pendances : le Conseil africain et malgache pour l\u2019enseignement sup\u00e9rieur (Cames). Le r\u00f4le de Ki-Zerbo ne peut se comprendre en faisant liti\u00e8re du contexte historique de l\u2019apr\u00e8s-guerre, o\u00f9 la bataille pour la fin des reliquats de suj\u00e9tion battait son plein avec, en creux, la fin d\u2019une universit\u00e9 africaine sous la toge acad\u00e9mique occidentale. C\u2019est pourquoi l\u2019approche th\u00e9orique croise les pistes de l\u2019histoire institutionnelle (le Cames) avec la biographie d\u2019un individu pour comprendre l\u2019histoire globale d\u2019une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 ou d\u2019une institution. Pour nourrir ma r\u00e9flexion, je m\u2019appuie essentiellement sur les archives du Cames, les productions acad\u00e9miques consacr\u00e9es \u00e0 Ki-Zerbo, ses propres esquisses d\u2019ego-histoire et mon ouvrage sur l\u2019histoire du Cames.   <\/p>\n<h5>Mots-cl\u00e9s<\/h5>\n<p>Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ind\u00e9pendances africaines, Conseil africain et malgache pour l\u2019enseignement sup\u00e9rieur (Cames), Universit\u00e9 africaine, ego-histoire.<\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"muhtasari-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"muhtasari-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <p>Nakala hii inachambua jukumu muhimu lililochezwa na mwanahistoria Joseph Ki-Zerbo katika uumbaji mnamo 1968 wa jamii ya epistemic ya Afrika kutoka kwa nuru ya kwanza ya uhuru : Baraza la african na Madagaska kwa elimu ya juu &lsquo;(Cames). Jukumu la Ki-Zerbo haliwezi kueleweka kwa kutoa mwanga juu ya muktadha wa kihistoria wa vita vya baada ya vita &lsquo;, ambapo vita vya mwisho wa mabaki ya utii vilikuwa vimejaa kabisa, kwa mashimo, mwisho wa chuo kikuu cha Kiafrika chini ya toga ya kitaaluma ya magharibi. Hii ndio sababu mbinu ya kinadharia &lsquo;inavuka nyimbo za taasisi ya kitaifa (the Cames) na wasifu wa mtu binafsi kuelewa historia ya ulimwengu ya jamii au taasisi ya kitaifa. Ili kulisha tafakari yangu, ninategemea sana kumbukumbu za Cames, uzalishaji wa masomo uliowekwa kwa Ki-Zerbo, michoro yake mwenyewe ya historia ya hadithi na kitabu changu juu ya historia ya Cames.   <\/p>\n<h5>Maneno muhimu<\/h5>\n<p>Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Uhuru wa Afrika, Baraza la Elimu ya Juu la Afrika na Malagasi (CAMES), Chuo Kikuu cha Afrika,historia ya ubinafsi <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <p>\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u0651\u062e \u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u064a-\u0632\u0631\u0628\u0648 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1968 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a (Cames). \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0647 \u0643\u064a-\u0632\u0631\u0628\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0651\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a.\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d\u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a (CAMES)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627<\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t                    <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c784ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c784ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Introduction<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-82b69a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"82b69a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>C\u2019\u00e9tait l\u2019homme qui ne voulait pas dormir sur la natte des autres. Et il avait le verbe haut et la plume incise pour le proclamer urbi et orbi. Joseph Ki-Zerbo, penseur \u00e9clectique, transmetteur int\u00e9gral, historien f\u00e9cond et talentueux, pionnier dans divers domaines de l\u2019historiographie africaine, panafricaniste convaincu et patriote africain intransigeant, a marqu\u00e9 de fa\u00e7on irr\u00e9versible la communaut\u00e9 \u00e9pist\u00e9mique et politique africaine de son temps. Si son souvenir reste vivace seize ans apr\u00e8s sa disparition le 4 d\u00e9cembre 2006 \u00e0 Ouagadougou, c\u2019est que cet homme fut \u00e0 la fois un homme de r\u00e9flexion et d\u2019engagement concret, \u00e0 la recherche constante d\u2019une pens\u00e9e qui soit ajust\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019action. Le Conseil pour le d\u00e9veloppement de la recherche en sciences sociales en Afrique (Codesria) ne s\u2019est pas tromp\u00e9 en le qualifiant \u00e0 sa mort de \u00ab grand iroko \u00bb, roi de la for\u00eat tropicale africaine, debout dans sa dignit\u00e9 et sa majest\u00e9 (Codesria, 2006) et qui fit de lui, apr\u00e8s le Sud-Africain Archie Mafeje et les Kenyans Ali Mazrui et Ngugi wa Thiong\u2019o, membre \u00e0 vie de cette institution panafricaine. Si sa longue carri\u00e8re intellectuelle et politique a \u00e9t\u00e9 suffisamment \u00e9tudi\u00e9e, le retour \u00e0 Ki-Zerbo vise \u00e0 explorer de nouveaux horizons cognitifs porteurs de sens. Il en est ainsi du r\u00f4le majeur de l\u2019historien burkinab\u00e9 dans la cr\u00e9ation du Conseil africain et malgache pour l\u2019enseignement sup\u00e9rieur (Cames), tr\u00e8s peu \u00e9tudi\u00e9 par celles et ceux qui s\u2019\u00e9vertuent \u00e0 faire le bilan de son \u0153uvre intellectuelle et politique. Cet article, qui vise donc \u00e0 combler cet \u00e9cart herm\u00e9neutique, rappelle d\u2019abord quelques traits du combat anti-imp\u00e9rialiste de Ki-Zerbo, de ses convictions panafricaines qui renferment les premiers lin\u00e9aments de la cr\u00e9ation du Cames en janvier 1968. Une fois ce lien \u00e9tabli, je m\u2019\u00e9vertue \u00e0 situer son r\u00f4le de premier plan dans la cr\u00e9ation de cette police institutionnelle autonome qu\u2019est le Cames. Je termine enfin ma d\u00e9monstration par un travail d\u2019inventaire du bilan de l\u2019institution apr\u00e8s les ann\u00e9es Ki-Zerbo.        <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1821c1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1821c1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Joseph Ki-Zerbo, historien et panafricaniste intransigeant<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2253a82 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2253a82\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Joseph Ki-Zerbo, n\u00e9 le 21 juin 1922 \u00e0 Toma, en Haute-Volta, fait partie de la premi\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9ration d\u2019historiens africains form\u00e9s selon les canons de l\u2019universit\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise. \u00c0 propos de sa vocation d\u2019historien, Joseph Ki-Zerbo raconte dans une sorte d\u2019egohistoire ou\u0300 on place sa propre vie sur l\u2019e\u0301tabli de l\u2019historien (Boucheron, 2011), c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire o\u00f9 l\u2019historien se raconte lui-m\u00eame : <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8160ee7 elementor-blockquote--skin-border elementor-widget elementor-widget-blockquote\" data-id=\"8160ee7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"blockquote.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote class=\"elementor-blockquote\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-blockquote__content\">\n\t\t\t\tJ\u2019avais opt\u00e9 pour l\u2019histoire parce que mon p\u00e8re a v\u00e9cu longtemps. C\u2019\u00e9tait un homme d\u2019histoire. Il avait port\u00e9 une partie de notre histoire locale, puisqu\u2019il \u00e9tait le premier chr\u00e9tien de la Haute-Volta, et il aimait raconter. J\u2019ai donc \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 au m\u00e9tier d\u2019historien par cette \u00e9ducation. J\u2019estime aussi que l\u2019histoire est \"ma\u00eetresse de vie\" (historia magistra vitae). (Ki-Zerbo, 2013).     \t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2809e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a2809e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Emmanuel Mounier est \u00e9galement, avec Alfred Diban1 , l\u2019un de ceux qui ont influenc\u00e9 sa conception de l\u2019histoire. Philosophe chr\u00e9tien, Mounier a retenu beaucoup d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments de la tradition europ\u00e9enne sur l\u2019esprit critique et la lutte pour lib\u00e9rer la personne humaine de toutes les forces d\u2019oppression et d\u2019obscurantisme (Ki-Zerbo, 2013). Le d\u00e9tour par Mounier et l\u2019id\u00e9ologie marxiste renvoient ainsi chez Ki-Zerbo \u00e0 une \u00e9thique de l\u2019engagement politique rendue n\u00e9cessaire par sa vocation d\u2019historien. Disciple de grands ma\u00eetres de la science historique et politique comme Pierre Renouvin, Andr\u00e9 Aymard, Fernand Braudel, Raymond Aron, dont l\u2019apport fut d\u00e9cisif dans sa formation intellectuelle, Joseph Ki-Zerbo puise en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 dans plusieurs registres pour forger sa personnalit\u00e9 qui, de son propre aveu, s\u2019est \u00ab pos\u00e9e en s\u2019opposant \u00bb (Ki-Zerbo, 2013). Ses ann\u00e9es de formation acad\u00e9mique et politique, comme tant d\u2019autres de sa g\u00e9n\u00e9ration \u00e0 l\u2019image de Cheikh Anta Diop, ont en effet \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9es par ce que Jacques Rabemananjara (1956), intellectuel et homme politique malgache, appela l\u2019\u00e9poque de la \u00ab cure de d\u00e9sintoxication \u00bb, qui avait commenc\u00e9 pour beaucoup d\u2019Africains sur les bancs des facult\u00e9s parisiennes.     <\/p><p>Dot\u00e9 d\u2019une solide formation d\u2019historien, av\u00e9r\u00e9e par l\u2019agr\u00e9gation obtenue en 1956, Joseph Ki-Zerbo se forgea, par ailleurs, une conscience panafricaine en militant dans de nombreuses associations d\u2019\u00e9tudiants et en travaillant de mani\u00e8re officielle ou informelle avec nombre de dirigeants sur le projet d\u2019ind\u00e9pendance africaine, dont Kwam\u00e9 N\u2019krumah, S\u00e9kou Tour\u00e9, Modibo Keita, Amilcar Cabral, Jomo Kenyatta, Tom Mboya, Julius Nyerere, etc. (Nyamnjoh, 2007). D\u00e8s lors, l\u2019historien s\u2019engage dans l\u2019action politique. Un de ses amis de vieille date, l\u2019universitaire et homme politique s\u00e9n\u00e9galais Assane Seck, fait remarquer qu\u2019aucune \u00ab renaissance africaine \u00bb n\u2019est concevable ni possible sans une r\u00e9elle ind\u00e9pendance politique permettant aux populations de d\u00e9cider d\u2019elles-m\u00eames et de leur sort, Joseph KiZerbo a commenc\u00e9 ainsi sa lutte politique (Seck, 2006). Aussi, d\u00e8s la proclamation de son ind\u00e9pendance par elle-m\u00eame en septembre 1958, la Guin\u00e9e Conakry nouvelle paraissant comme le porte-drapeau de tous ceux qui aspiraient \u00e0 la souverainet\u00e9 internationale, Joseph Ki-Zerbo d\u00e9cida-t-il de participer au contingent d\u2019enseignants volontaires organis\u00e9 par le Syndicat des professeurs africains du S\u00e9n\u00e9gal (Spas). Le but \u00e9tait d\u2019aller aider ce pays \u00e0 surmonter la difficile \u00e9preuve du remplacement des fonctionnaires fran\u00e7ais, rappel\u00e9s sans pr\u00e9avis par leur patrie. Mais Joseph Ki-Zerbo ne restera pas longtemps en Guin\u00e9e, le r\u00e9gime totalitaire adopt\u00e9 par les dirigeants ne lui convenant gu\u00e8re (Seck, 2006). Est-ce cette d\u00e9ception qui l\u2019incite \u00e0 explorer sa propre voie ? Sans doute, car en cette m\u00eame ann\u00e9e 1958, il fonde le Mouvement de lib\u00e9ration nationale (MLN) en compagnie d\u2019un certain nombre de jeunes intellectuels africains \u00e9pris de libert\u00e9, se tenant ainsi, comme le souligne Roland Colin (2006), en dehors de partis politiques traditionnels. Le MLN opte pour l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance imm\u00e9diate, la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019\u00c9tats-Unis d\u2019Afrique et un socialisme qui se veut r\u00e9solument humaniste et ancr\u00e9 dans les valeurs africaines, tout en assumant la modernit\u00e9. Dans les conditions concr\u00e8tes du processus engag\u00e9, le MLN avait, comme Kwam\u00e9 N\u2019krumah, opt\u00e9 pour l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance d\u2019abord, car privil\u00e9gier l\u2019unit\u00e9 aurait rejet\u00e9 l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance vers un horizon impr\u00e9visible, puisque le travail de division avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 d\u00e9mantel\u00e9 les ensembles coloniaux (Afrique-Occidentale fran\u00e7aise \u2013 AOF, et Afrique-\u00c9quatoriale fran\u00e7aise \u2013 AEF) (Diagne, 2006). Cet engagement concret fut servi par une plume au vitriol pour d\u00e9noncer la volont\u00e9 de Paris de garder la main sur l\u2019Afrique. Son texte du d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1950 qu\u2019il publia sous l\u2019intitul\u00e9 \u00ab Le devoir de d\u00e9colonisation \u00bb fit grincer en son temps dans les milieux coloniaux ordinaires (Colin, 2006 p. 16). Mais Joseph Ki-Zerbo n\u2019en avait cure. Il enfon\u00e7a le clou en 1956, r\u00e9agissant ainsi aux man\u0153uvres dilatoires fran\u00e7aises, visant \u00e0 retarder la lib\u00e9ration de l\u2019Afrique \u00e0 travers la fameuse loi-cadre, ou loi Gaston Deferre, de cette m\u00eame ann\u00e9e :              <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e029b6 elementor-blockquote--skin-border elementor-widget elementor-widget-blockquote\" data-id=\"8e029b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"blockquote.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote class=\"elementor-blockquote\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-blockquote__content\">\n\t\t\t\tAu moment o\u00f9 le mur de la colonisation craque de toutes parts, les n\u00e8gres, qui ont plus de titres que quiconque \u00e0 h\u00e2ter son \u00e9croulement, seraient criminels de lui apporter le moindre \u00e9tai m\u00eame sous la forme d\u2019un bulletin de vote parlementaire. C\u2019est de toutes nos forces[he continues]poursuit-il qu\u2019il faut pr\u00e9cipiter cet \u00e9croulement. (Ki-Zerbo, 1958).\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce8f709 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ce8f709\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLorsqu\u2019interviennent les ind\u00e9pendances de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 1960, le militant Joseph Ki-Zerbo n\u2019en continue pas moins de se poser comme une pointe aiguis\u00e9e de la r\u00e9sistance contre les vestiges du pass\u00e9 colonial. Sa bataille pour l\u2019autonomie intellectuelle de l\u2019Afrique se veut ainsi le prolongement de son combat panafricain et anti-imp\u00e9rialiste pour aboutir \u00e0 une v\u00e9ritable libert\u00e9 de l\u2019Afrique, condition de sa renaissance. Son combat politique porte pour ainsi dire le projet de cr\u00e9ation du Cames.  \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90bd0e0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"90bd0e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Le Cames : quand l\u2019historien \u00e9crit l\u2019histoire<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bccb52c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bccb52c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La bataille pour l\u2019autonomie intellectuelle de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 fut, pourrait-on dire, le prolongement de l\u2019action politique de Joseph Ki-Zerbo en vue d\u2019une lib\u00e9ration de l\u2019Afrique de la tutelle fran\u00e7aise. La mise en place d\u2019un syst\u00e8me scolaire, souvent aux mains des missions catholiques ou protestantes, l\u2019accession d\u2019une minorit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019enseignement secondaire et sup\u00e9rieur ont en effet lev\u00e9, surtout en Afrique de l\u2019Ouest, une \u00e9lite intellectuelle occidentalis\u00e9e (Droz, 2006). Celle-ci, \u00e0 l\u2019exact oppos\u00e9 du projet colonial de suj\u00e9tion, voulait prendre part \u00e0 ce qu\u2019Ashis Nandy (2007) appelle \u00ab l\u2019aventure morale et cognitive contre l\u2019oppression \u00bb. L\u2019exigence de r\u00e9appropriation de soi inscrite au c\u0153ur du projet de d\u00e9colonisation passait pour bon nombre d\u2019intellectuels africains par la fin de la tutelle occidentale sur les processus cognitifs. Se d\u00e9faire en somme de l\u2019odeur persistante du p\u00e8re (Sarr, 2016), en sortant de ce que Valentin Mudimbe, (1988) appelle la \u00ab biblioth\u00e8que coloniale \u00bb. C\u2019est une des raisons pour lesquelles l\u2019\u00e9ducation, y compris l\u2019enseignement sup\u00e9rieur, fut l\u2019une des revendications majeures du mouvement nationaliste (Mamdani, 1994). Et l\u2019\u00e9conomiste tanzanien Issa Shivji (2005) de rench\u00e9rir : \u00ab \u00c0 travers l\u2019universit\u00e9, nous affirmions notre droit \u00e0 la pens\u00e9e, le fondement du droit \u00e0 l\u2019autod\u00e9termination \u00bb, toute chose qui rendait incongrue l\u2019existence d\u2019une universit\u00e9 africaine sous la toge acad\u00e9mique occidentale. Ce mod\u00e8le fut cependant la r\u00e8gle, les m\u00e9tropoles, et en l\u2019esp\u00e8ce la France, tentant de faire perdurer leur entreprise de domination. Partout en Afrique sous domination fran\u00e7aise \u00e9merg\u00e8rent \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque des instituts d\u2019enseignement sup\u00e9rieur, ou des universit\u00e9s, inf\u00e9od\u00e9s \u00e0 la langue et au mode de fonctionnement fran\u00e7ais, prolongeant un rapport de subordination (Ciss\u00e9, 2018). Contre cette tendance au maintien du cadre ancien, les pays francophones d\u2019Afrique accusaient du retard par rapport aux anglophones qui port\u00e8rent cette revendication d\u00e8s la fin du xixe si\u00e8cle, et qui culmina au moment des ind\u00e9pendances. La question de la coop\u00e9ration interuniversitaire fut, par exemple, au centre d\u2019un s\u00e9minaire organis\u00e9 \u00e0 Freetown du 11 au 16 d\u00e9cembre 1961. Financ\u00e9e par le minist\u00e8re sierra-l\u00e9onais de l\u2019\u00c9ducation nationale, cette rencontre permit de r\u00e9unir pr\u00e8s de 42 participants (anglophones et francophones), invit\u00e9s \u00e0 r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir sur les enjeux de la formation de la West African Intellectual Community. La proposition du Nig\u00e9rian Saburi Biobaku (1962) apparut r\u00e9solument plus avant-gardiste. Il proposa de cr\u00e9er l\u2019Association of West African Universities. Celle-ci pourrait se pr\u00e9valoir d\u2019un comit\u00e9 ex\u00e9cutif comprenant principalement les responsables des universit\u00e9s ouest-africaines, et aurait pour mission de se r\u00e9unir dans l\u2019une de ces universit\u00e9s tous les deux ans.             <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-879a988 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"879a988\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLorsque cette question devint un enjeu important dans l\u2019espace public ouestafricain francophone, Joseph Ki-Zerbo en fut l\u2019un des h\u00e9rauts et ses prises de position, du reste nombreuses, furent constantes et sans concession. Il annonce la couleur d\u00e8s 1961 en appelant \u00e0 l\u2019africanisation des programmes d\u2019enseignement : \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4f1ef5 elementor-blockquote--skin-border elementor-widget elementor-widget-blockquote\" data-id=\"c4f1ef5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"blockquote.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote class=\"elementor-blockquote\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-blockquote__content\">\n\t\t\t\tOn devrait diminuer de beaucoup l\u2019importance de chapitres comme celui de l\u2019\u00e9rosion glaciaire et d\u00e9velopper largement au contraire les questions africaines comme l\u2019\u00e9rosion tropicale (Ki-Zerbo, 1961).\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2e810b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2e810b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEn 1963, invit\u00e9 par les Rencontres internationales2 sur le th\u00e8me \u00ab Dialogue et violence \u00bb, il se pose comme un pr\u00e9curseur du combat contre la fuite des cerveaux africains vers l\u2019Occident. Il \u00e9tait convaincu que : \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b9877a elementor-blockquote--skin-border elementor-widget elementor-widget-blockquote\" data-id=\"4b9877a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"blockquote.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote class=\"elementor-blockquote\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-blockquote__content\">\n\t\t\t\tS\u2019acharner \u00e0 expatrier pour cinq, sept, dix ans la jeunesse intellectuelle de l\u2019Afrique aux quatre vents de l\u2019espace et pr\u00e9parer ainsi par le retour de ces jeunes une \u00e9preuve de force, au lieu de s\u2019entendre pour aider les Africains \u00e0 implanter sur un plan r\u00e9gional des centres autonomes de formation sup\u00e9rieure, c\u2019est pr\u00e9parer la violence en Afrique et non le dialogue. (Ki-Zerbo, 1963)\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-350682e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"350682e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pour cet homme pragmatique en revanche, la prose politique devait n\u00e9cessairement \u00eatre accompagn\u00e9e par l\u2019action concr\u00e8te sur le terrain, et le cadre se pr\u00eata \u00e0 des initiatives hardies dans ce sens. Les ann\u00e9es 1960 montr\u00e8rent en effet que la mystique de l\u2019unit\u00e9, dont Kwam\u00e9 N\u2019krumah fut le chantre le plus en vue, \u00e9tait pour beaucoup de leaders politiques africains issus de la d\u00e9colonisation le projet politique et id\u00e9ologique cr\u00e9dible pour mieux adresser la question du d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019Afrique. Un cadre g\u00e9opolitique global postcolonial se dessina ainsi au cours de cette p\u00e9riode propice \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation de l\u2019Organisation de l\u2019Unit\u00e9 africaine (OUA) en 1963, devenue Union africaine (UA) le 9 juillet 2002 \u00e0 Durban, en Afrique du Sud. D\u2019autres organisations, cette fois \u00e0 \u00e9chelle r\u00e9gionale, virent \u00e9galement le jour. Ce fut le cas de l\u2019Organisation commune africaine et malgache (Ocam), qui r\u00e9unit lors de sa cr\u00e9ation 14 pays de l\u2019Afrique francophone. Une conf\u00e9rence au sommet fut organis\u00e9e \u00e0 Tananarive, \u00e0 Madagascar, du 25 au 27 juin 1966. \u00c0 cette occasion, L\u00e9opold S\u00e9dar Senghor, pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique du S\u00e9n\u00e9gal, pr\u00e9senta son projet de communaut\u00e9 francophone et sugg\u00e9ra la cr\u00e9ation du Cames (N\u2019dao, 2008).       <\/p><p>L\u2019organisation devait comprendre les repr\u00e9sentants de tous les \u00c9tats de l\u2019Ocam auxquels viendraient s\u2019ajouter le Burundi, la France, la Guin\u00e9e, le Mali, la Mauritanie et les \u00c9tats du Maghreb. Au cours de cette ann\u00e9e 1966, le projet Cames gagna en visibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la Conf\u00e9rence des ministres de l\u2019\u00c9ducation des pays africains et malgache d\u2019expression fran\u00e7aise (Confemen) tenue \u00e0 Paris. Cet organisme, cr\u00e9\u00e9 en 1960 et compos\u00e9 de 15 \u00c9tats membres francophones \u00e0 sa cr\u00e9ation, donna mandat \u00e0 la commission consultative d\u2019experts :  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27bbf60 elementor-blockquote--skin-border elementor-widget elementor-widget-blockquote\" data-id=\"27bbf60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"blockquote.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote class=\"elementor-blockquote\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-blockquote__content\">\n\t\t\t\tPour entreprendre une recherche approfondie sur les structures et les enseignements des universit\u00e9s africaines et malgache, compte tenu de la r\u00e9forme fran\u00e7aise de l\u2019enseignement sup\u00e9rieur, dans un large esprit de coop\u00e9ration interafricaine et si possible d\u2019unit\u00e93 .\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51f4e6d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"51f4e6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tUne \u00e9tape suppl\u00e9mentaire vers la cr\u00e9ation du Cames fut franchie, au d\u00e9but de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 1967, lors de la session de la conf\u00e9rence des ministres de l\u2019\u00c9ducation nationale des \u00c9tats d\u2019expression fran\u00e7aise qui se tint \u00e0 Abidjan (26 janvier-1er f\u00e9vrier). Cette conf\u00e9rence d\u00e9buta par l\u2019allocution du pr\u00e9sident F\u00e9lix Houphou\u00ebt-Boigny quelque peu critique sur le bilan de la conf\u00e9rence de mai 1961 \u00e0 Addis-Abeba, sur le d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019\u00e9ducation en Afrique. S\u2019il salua \u00ab une conf\u00e9rence inspir\u00e9e par un haut id\u00e9al de progr\u00e8s et anim\u00e9e d\u2019une foi ardente en l\u2019avenir \u00bb (Boigny, 1967, p. 2), il estima en revanche que :  \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76a0824 elementor-blockquote--skin-border elementor-widget elementor-widget-blockquote\" data-id=\"76a0824\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"blockquote.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote class=\"elementor-blockquote\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-blockquote__content\">\n\t\t\t\tCinq ann\u00e9es (sic) d\u2019exp\u00e9rience obligent \u00e0 reconna\u00eetre que ces programmes, \u00e9labor\u00e9s dans l\u2019enthousiasme, p\u00e9chaient souvent par manque de r\u00e9alisme\u2026 L\u2019absence de doctrine ou de r\u00e9flexion en mati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9ducation nous a d\u00e9tourn\u00e9s d\u2019adopter au d\u00e9part des principes, des structures, des m\u00e9thodes, et des programmes v\u00e9ritablement adapt\u00e9s aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s de nos pays (Boigny, 1967, p. 6). \t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed8f6c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ed8f6c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>L\u2019historien volta\u00efque Joseph Ki-Zerbo, membre de la Commission consultative d\u2019experts de l\u2019enseignement sup\u00e9rieur francophone en Afrique, charg\u00e9e de proposer les r\u00e9formes n\u00e9cessaires dans cet ordre d\u2019enseignement en Afrique et \u00e0 Madagascar, \u00e9tait bien d\u2019accord avec F\u00e9lix Houphou\u00ebt-Boigny sur la n\u00e9cessaire adaptation de l\u2019enseignement sup\u00e9rieur aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s africaines. Il pr\u00e9senta, lors de cette conf\u00e9rence d\u2019Abidjan, un rapport intitul\u00e9 D\u00e9finition, r\u00f4le et <i>fonction de l\u2019enseignement sup\u00e9rieur en Afrique et \u00e0 Madagascar<\/i> qui pr\u00e9figure la cr\u00e9ation du Cames : <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fc9a52 elementor-blockquote--skin-border elementor-widget elementor-widget-blockquote\" data-id=\"4fc9a52\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"blockquote.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote class=\"elementor-blockquote\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-blockquote__content\">\n\t\t\t\tC\u2019est pourquoi la commission consultative des experts a estim\u00e9 qu\u2019il est urgent de mettre sur pied un minimum de structures pour coordonner les projets des \u00c9tats dans ce domaine de la coop\u00e9ration universitaire et jeter une vue prospective sur l\u2019avenir. Ne pourrait-on pas cr\u00e9er un office africain et malgache de coop\u00e9ration universitaire ? Cet office pourrait avoir \u00e0 sa t\u00eate un comit\u00e9 directeur compos\u00e9 de l\u2019ensemble des ministres de l\u2019\u00c9ducation nationale. Il comporterait aussi un conseil consultatif compos\u00e9 de recteurs, de professeurs et de personnalit\u00e9s diverses. Enfin, un secr\u00e9tariat compos\u00e9 de membres d\u00e9sign\u00e9s par Messieurs les Ministres \"intuitu personae\" serait charg\u00e9 de la pr\u00e9paration des dossiers et de l\u2019application des d\u00e9cisions, ainsi que de tout le travail de documentation, d\u2019information, d\u2019homologation des dipl\u00f4mes, etc. Enfin, les relations avec les autres universit\u00e9s africaines pourraient \u00eatre d\u00e9cid\u00e9es et am\u00e9nag\u00e9es dans le cadre de cet office. Il s\u2019agit l\u00e0 d\u2019une option vitale pour l\u2019avenir. L\u2019\u00e9luder ce serait esquiver une responsabilit\u00e9 historique. (Boigny, 1967, p. 6).       \t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f15e56b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f15e56b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCet activisme aboutit finalement \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation du Cames, le 23 janvier 1968, \u00e0 l\u2019issue du sommet des chefs d\u2019\u00c9tat (22-23 janvier), au travers de la r\u00e9solution 23 de l\u2019Ocam. Joseph Ki-Zerbo, v\u00e9ritable cheville ouvri\u00e8re de cette institution panafricaine en fut nomm\u00e9 secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral. On lui doit les programmes sur la pharmacop\u00e9e africaine et l\u2019\u00e9change des professeurs entre universit\u00e9s africaines au cours des douze ann\u00e9es de sa pr\u00e9sence \u00e0 la t\u00eate du Cames. La cr\u00e9ation des Comit\u00e9s consultatifs interafricains (CCI) reste en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 le v\u00e9ritable embl\u00e8me des ann\u00e9es Ki-Zerbo. Ils op\u00e8rent ainsi la s\u00e9dentarisation des proc\u00e9dures de collation des grades en Afrique, sans recours aux instances de validation fran\u00e7aises. C\u2019est donc une d\u00e9localisation r\u00e9ussie de l\u2019Europe vers l\u2019Afrique de la qualification des enseignants du sup\u00e9rieur.    \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0fab6f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0fab6f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pour comprendre l\u2019importance de cette question, il faut mesurer les risques que pouvait entra\u00eener ce qu\u2019Assane Seck qualifie de \u00ab conservatisme frileux \u00bb (Seck, 2006, p. 42). En effet, la premi\u00e8re universit\u00e9 moderne des pays francophones d\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest, celle de Dakar, n\u2019a d\u00e9but\u00e9 que dans les ann\u00e9es 1949-1950, aliment\u00e9e par quelques rares bacheliers form\u00e9s dans les deux lyc\u00e9es de Dakar et Saint-Louis. Mais les choses chang\u00e8rent brusquement avec la loi-cadre de 1956 instituant la semi-autonomie : l\u2019enseignement secondaire prit alors rapidement un v\u00e9ritable \u00e9lan. Dans toutes les colonies, des embryons d\u2019universit\u00e9 furent cr\u00e9\u00e9s cependant que leur destin \u00e9tait loin d\u2019\u00eatre assur\u00e9. Se posa vite alors le probl\u00e8me de la formation des enseignants pour ces institutions. Allait-on continuer de compter sur les professeurs d\u2019une coop\u00e9ration internationale h\u00e9t\u00e9roclite ? Sur le syst\u00e8me fran\u00e7ais de qualification dont les probl\u00e8mes africains \u00e9taient loin d\u2019\u00eatre au centre des pr\u00e9occupations ? La r\u00e9ponse \u00e9tait assur\u00e9ment : \u00ab non \u00bb pour Joseph Ki-Zerbo en lutte contre tous les reliquats de suj\u00e9tion. C\u2019est ainsi que plut\u00f4t que de laisser chaque \u00c9tat \u00ab se d\u00e9brouiller \u00bb au risque d\u2019une cacophonie emp\u00eachant toute forme de coop\u00e9ration interafricaine valable, il se battit pour un organe supranational de coordination universitaire d\u2019o\u00f9 le Cames, v\u00e9ritable outil de cr\u00e9ation d\u2019une communaut\u00e9 \u00e9pist\u00e9mique africaine.        <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a34384 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9a34384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Le Cames apr\u00e8s Ki-Zerbo : bilan critique<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48ea3ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"48ea3ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLes p\u00e8res fondateurs du Cames l\u2019avaient con\u00e7u comme le symbole d\u2019une Afrique rassembl\u00e9e par le savoir, vecteur de la renaissance africaine. Lorsque les h\u00e9ritiers proc\u00e9d\u00e8rent en 1993 \u00e0 son bilan, \u00e0 l\u2019occasion de la c\u00e9l\u00e9bration de son quart de si\u00e8cle d\u2019existence, ce fut pour constater que \u00ab l\u2019un des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la face cach\u00e9e de l\u2019institution reste la promotion par voie interne que pr\u00f4ne malheureusement certains enseignants de pays membres4 \u00bb. Au vrai, le d\u00e9bat national versus supranational est une permanence dans l\u2019histoire du Cames. Il structure, aujourd\u2019hui comme hier, les d\u00e9bats dans certains c\u00e9nacles universitaires sur la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 du Cames \u00e0 se substituer aux \u00c9tats souverains, dans l\u2019\u00e9valuation scientifique par les pairs. D\u00e8s avril 1980, lors de la session ordinaire du Cames \u00e0 Kigali, l\u2019adoption du texte sur les concours d\u2019agr\u00e9gation en sciences juridiques et \u00e9conomiques fut contrari\u00e9e par les repr\u00e9sentants du Cameroun, du Congo et du Niger5 .    \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e342f3b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e342f3b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLes p\u00e8res fondateurs du Cames l\u2019avaient con\u00e7u comme le symbole d\u2019une Afrique rassembl\u00e9e par le savoir, vecteur de la renaissance africaine. Lorsque les h\u00e9ritiers proc\u00e9d\u00e8rent en 1993 \u00e0 son bilan, \u00e0 l\u2019occasion de la c\u00e9l\u00e9bration de son quart de si\u00e8cle d\u2019existence, ce fut pour constater que \u00ab l\u2019un des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la face cach\u00e9e de l\u2019institution reste la promotion par voie interne que pr\u00f4ne malheureusement certains enseignants de pays membres[5] \u00bb. Au vrai, le d\u00e9bat national versus supranational est une permanence dans l\u2019histoire du Cames. Il structure, aujourd\u2019hui comme hier, les d\u00e9bats dans certains c\u00e9nacles universitaires, sur la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 du Cames \u00e0 se substituer aux \u00c9tats souverains, dans l\u2019\u00e9valuation scientifique par les pairs. D\u00e8s avril 1980, lors de la session ordinaire du Cames \u00e0 Kigali, l\u2019adoption du texte sur les concours d\u2019agr\u00e9gation en sciences juridiques et \u00e9conomiques fut contrari\u00e9e par les repr\u00e9sentants du Cameroun, du Congo et du Niger[6]. Ces pays dot\u00e9s de leurs propres instances d\u2019\u00e9valuation craignaient sans doute la concurrence que pouvaient repr\u00e9senter ces jurys d\u2019agr\u00e9gation interafricains. Et l\u2019histoire du Cames sera marqu\u00e9e par cette volont\u00e9 de certains membres de s\u2019\u00e9manciper de ces proc\u00e9dures pour des raisons \u00e0 la fois politiques, id\u00e9ologiques, acad\u00e9miques et g\u00e9ographiques. Les rapports entre Madagascar et le Cames, par exemple, traduisent les probl\u00e8mes li\u00e9s \u00e0 la construction d\u2019un espace acad\u00e9mique transnational en Afrique. Madagascar a entretenu des rapports ambivalents avec le Cames, dont il est pourtant l\u2019un des \u00c9tats fondateurs. La partie malgache invoqua \u00e0 ce propos \u00ab la diminution permanente du nombre d\u2019enseignants \u00e0 cause des d\u00e9parts \u00e0 la retraite, les r\u00e9sultats tr\u00e8s faibles au concours (du Cames[7]) compromettant du coup le renouvellement des cadres allant \u00e0 la retraite ; les dossiers rejet\u00e9s pour des raisons d\u2019anciennet\u00e9 et de non-conformit\u00e9, la position insulaire qui rend les liaisons difficiles (avec le continent[8]), les arri\u00e9r\u00e9s de contribution en tant qu\u2019\u00c9tat membre[9] \u00bb. Le cas nig\u00e9rien m\u00eale des consid\u00e9rations id\u00e9ologiques, politiques et acad\u00e9miques. Au moment des premi\u00e8res signatures de l\u2019accord sur les CCI en 1976 \u00e0 N\u2019Djamena, le Niger avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 sa propre instance nationale de promotion des enseignants depuis un an, appel\u00e9e le Comit\u00e9 consultatif universitaire (CCU). Le Niger fut pourtant un des premiers signataires de l\u2019accord sur les CCI du Cames avec la Haute-Volta, la C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal, le Tchad et le Togo. Le pays participa aux programmes du Cames jusqu\u2019en 1980. \u00c0 cette date, h\u00e9las, note Bouli Ali Diallo, alors rectrice de l\u2019universit\u00e9 de Niamey, une mauvaise interpr\u00e9tation du r\u00f4le des CCI par les autorit\u00e9s nig\u00e9riennes d\u2019alors les a amen\u00e9es \u00e0 d\u00e9noncer l\u2019accord sur les CCI du Cames. Il leur avait \u00e9t\u00e9 fait entendre que c\u2019\u00e9tait le Cames qui nommait les enseignants et chercheurs dans les grades correspondant \u00e0 leur inscription sur les listes d\u2019aptitude. Ayant le sentiment que le Cames exer\u00e7ait en cela un pouvoir qui relevait de la souverainet\u00e9 nationale, les autorit\u00e9s nig\u00e9riennes d\u00e9cid\u00e8rent de retirer le Niger du programme sur les CCI du Cames.              \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c76879f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c76879f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tL\u2019anthropologue britannique Mary Douglas insiste sur le fait que \u00ab le maintien de l\u2019institution n\u2019est pas tant menac\u00e9 par des dangers ext\u00e9rieurs que par l\u2019incertitude quant \u00e0 l\u2019implication de ses membres \u00bb (Cordonnier, 2005). Les diff\u00e9rents cas examin\u00e9s ici rel\u00e8vent certes moins d\u2019un quelconque chauvinisme que d\u2019une volont\u00e9 de d\u00e9construction de l\u2019h\u00e9g\u00e9monie du Cames sur la d\u00e9finition des crit\u00e8res de la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 savante. \u00c0 d\u00e9faut d\u2019obtenir des r\u00e9formes en la mati\u00e8re, la d\u00e9fense de la voie nationale est alors con\u00e7ue comme une alternative \u00e0 la promotion sous la banni\u00e8re de cette institution. Les r\u00e9criminations \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des instances d\u2019\u00e9valuation et de l\u2019organisation des titres en vigueur doivent en revanche faire l\u2019objet d\u2019un examen attentif, sous peine de renforcer le principe national en la mati\u00e8re. Une autre situation qui nuit quelque peu \u00e0 l\u2019h\u00e9ritage des p\u00e8res fondateurs est celle de la surrepr\u00e9sentation \u00e9trang\u00e8re dans les jurys d\u2019agr\u00e9gation. En effet, \u00e0 la diff\u00e9rence des CCI, les concours d\u2019agr\u00e9gation de m\u00e9decine, de droit et d\u2019\u00e9conomie font encore appel \u00e0 l\u2019expertise des \u00e9trangers pour si\u00e9ger dans ses jurys. Cette surrepr\u00e9sentation \u00e9trang\u00e8re \u00e9tait sans doute destin\u00e9e \u00e0 rassurer les opinions sceptiques quant aux capacit\u00e9s africaines \u00e0 conf\u00e9rer un coefficient de validit\u00e9 scientifique \u00e0 ces concours d\u2019agr\u00e9gation. Dans une phase de transition et de maturation, le pragmatisme commandait que cette d\u00e9cision fut retenue. L\u2019axe du temps permettra par la suite de lire autrement cette question de la pr\u00e9sence \u00e9trang\u00e8re dans les jurys d\u2019agr\u00e9gation, cinquante-cinq ans apr\u00e8s la cr\u00e9ation du Cames.       \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-607a77d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"607a77d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conclusion<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bc81b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1bc81b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLa cr\u00e9ation du Cames est donc l\u2019aboutissement du combat intr\u00e9pide de Joseph KiZerbo afin de r\u00e9tablir l\u2019\u00e9minente dignit\u00e9 historique de l\u2019Afrique apr\u00e8s la longue nuit coloniale. Pour ce militant de la renaissance africaine, une ma\u00efeutique intelligente devait \u00eatre fond\u00e9e sur la qu\u00eate d\u2019une pens\u00e9e qui soit ajust\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019action. La cr\u00e9ation du Cames reste la preuve concr\u00e8te de cette exigence. Entendue comme une esth\u00e9tique de r\u00e9invention de soi, cette institution panafricaine a fait du chemin, plus de cinquante ans apr\u00e8s sa cr\u00e9ation \u00e0 Niamey, au Niger. Les succ\u00e8s engrang\u00e9s ne doivent pas faire perde de vue les tendances scissipares de certains \u00c9tats sous la pression de syndicats d\u2019enseignants d\u00e9sireux de rompre avec le syst\u00e8me d\u2019\u00e9valuation du Cames, jug\u00e9 trop obsol\u00e8te et inutilement contraignant. Le temps pour le Cames est venu de faire sa mue pour se mettre au diapason de l\u2019universit\u00e9 moderne. En tout \u00e9tat de cause, si le Cames n\u2019existait pas, c\u2019est maintenant qu\u2019il faudrait l\u2019inventer[12] disait nagu\u00e8re son fondateur Joseph KiZerbo. Le r\u00e9inventer ajouterais-je.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d9184d e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2d9184d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7fd8c3 ignoretoc elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a7fd8c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">L'auteur<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38b0172 ignoretoc elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-link-in-bio\" data-id=\"38b0172\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"link-in-bio.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio e-link-in-bio\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image e-link-in-bio__identity-image-profile has-style-circle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Chikouna-Cisse--225x300.jpg\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__identity-image-element\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Chikouna-Cisse--225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Chikouna-Cisse-.jpg 391w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bio\">\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"e-link-in-bio__heading\">Chikouna Ciss\u00e9<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"e-link-in-bio__title\">Ma\u00eetre de conf\u00e9rences en histoire de l\u2019Afrique contemporaine<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"e-link-in-bio__description\">Universit\u00e9 F\u00e9lix-Houphou\u00ebt-Boigny, Abidjan, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire<\/p>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icons has-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon is-size-small\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a aria-label=\"Email\" class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-link\" href=\"mailto:cissechikouna@gmail.com?subject=Contact%20from%20GA%20Bio\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__icon-svg\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__ctas has-type-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/authors\/chikouna-cisse\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener \" class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta is-type-button has-corners-rounded\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-link-in-bio__cta-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tVoir le profil complet\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-link-in-bio__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca44f9b ignoretoc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ca44f9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c9galement dans ce num\u00e9ro<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08ab0bf elementor-grid-1 elementor-grid-tablet-1 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-posts--thumbnail-top elementor-posts--show-avatar elementor-card-shadow-yes elementor-posts__hover-gradient elementor-widget elementor-widget-posts\" data-id=\"08ab0bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_columns&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_row_gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:27,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_columns_tablet&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_columns_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_row_gap_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_row_gap_tablet_extra&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_row_gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_row_gap_mobile_extra&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;posts_cards_pp_authors_row_gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"posts.posts_cards_pp_authors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-posts-container elementor-posts elementor-posts--skin-posts_cards_pp_authors elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-15271 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-revue author-global-africa\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/numero-10-global-africa-savoirs-protecteurs-savoir-proteger\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"1200\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Issue-10-\u2013-Global-AfricaProtective-Knowledges-The-Wisdom-to-Protect-.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-15268\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t        <div class=\"elementor-post__avatar\">\n            <img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/>        <\/div>\n        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/numero-10-global-africa-savoirs-protecteurs-savoir-proteger\/\" target=&quot;_blank&quot;>\n\t\t\t\tNum\u00e9ro 10 \u2013 Global Africa\u00ab Savoirs protecteurs, savoir prot\u00e9ger \u00bb\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/numero-10-global-africa-savoirs-protecteurs-savoir-proteger\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur Num\u00e9ro 10 \u2013 Global Africa\u00ab Savoirs protecteurs, savoir prot\u00e9ger \u00bb\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\tRead More \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t        <span class=\"elementor-post-author\">\n\t\t\tGlobal Africa\t\t<\/span>\n        \t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-15509 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-analyses-critiques author-karine-collette-fr author-ibrahima-ba-fr\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/terre-mere-trace-discursive-dune-emancipation-ecologique-au-nord-et-au-sud\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"527\" height=\"752\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Capture-decran-2025-06-27-a-19.19.41.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-14990\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Capture-decran-2025-06-27-a-19.19.41.png 527w, https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Capture-decran-2025-06-27-a-19.19.41-210x300.png 210w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 527px) 100vw, 527px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t        <div class=\"elementor-post__avatar\">\n            <img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/><img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/>        <\/div>\n        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/terre-mere-trace-discursive-dune-emancipation-ecologique-au-nord-et-au-sud\/\" target=&quot;_blank&quot;>\n\t\t\t\tTerre-M\u00e8re : trace discursive d\u2019une \u00e9mancipation \u00e9cologique au Nord et au Sud ?\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/terre-mere-trace-discursive-dune-emancipation-ecologique-au-nord-et-au-sud\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur Terre-M\u00e8re : trace discursive d\u2019une \u00e9mancipation \u00e9cologique au Nord et au Sud ?\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\tRead More \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t        <span class=\"elementor-post-author\">\n\t\t\tKarine Collette, Ibrahima Ba\t\t<\/span>\n        \t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-15517 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-champ author-cheikh-sadibou-sakho-fr author-masengesho-kamuzinzi-fr\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/we-heal-together-un-savoir-protecteur-par-excellence-qui-sinspire-de-lheritage-africain-ou-les-responsabilites-envers-soi-et-envers-autrui-sont-indissociables\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"527\" height=\"752\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Capture-decran-2025-06-27-a-19.18.04.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-14982\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t        <div class=\"elementor-post__avatar\">\n            <img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Cheikh-Sadibou-Sakho-.webp' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Cheikh-Sadibou-Sakho-.webp' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/><img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/>        <\/div>\n        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/we-heal-together-un-savoir-protecteur-par-excellence-qui-sinspire-de-lheritage-africain-ou-les-responsabilites-envers-soi-et-envers-autrui-sont-indissociables\/\" target=&quot;_blank&quot;>\n\t\t\t\t\u00ab We Heal Together \u00bb, un savoir protecteur par excellence qui s\u2019inspire de l\u2019h\u00e9ritage africain, o\u00f9 les responsabilit\u00e9s envers soi et envers autrui sont indissociables\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/we-heal-together-un-savoir-protecteur-par-excellence-qui-sinspire-de-lheritage-africain-ou-les-responsabilites-envers-soi-et-envers-autrui-sont-indissociables\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur \u00ab We Heal Together \u00bb, un savoir protecteur par excellence qui s\u2019inspire de l\u2019h\u00e9ritage africain, o\u00f9 les responsabilit\u00e9s envers soi et envers autrui sont indissociables\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\tRead More \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t        <span class=\"elementor-post-author\">\n\t\t\tCheikh Sadibou Sakho, Masengesho Kamuzinzi\t\t<\/span>\n        \t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-15523 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-analyses-critiques author-cheikh-sadibou-sakho-fr author-ndeye-laity-ndiaye-fr\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/it-takes-a-village-reinventer-la-mise-a-labri-des-survivantes-de-violences-sexuelles-au-senegalpistes-a-partir-de-lexperience-du-centre-kullimaaroo-de-ziguinchor\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"527\" height=\"752\" src=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Capture-decran-2025-06-27-a-19.17.22.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-14992\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t        <div class=\"elementor-post__avatar\">\n            <img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Cheikh-Sadibou-Sakho-.webp' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Cheikh-Sadibou-Sakho-.webp' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/><img alt='' src='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' srcset='https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Global-Africa.jpg' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='128' width='128'\/>        <\/div>\n        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/it-takes-a-village-reinventer-la-mise-a-labri-des-survivantes-de-violences-sexuelles-au-senegalpistes-a-partir-de-lexperience-du-centre-kullimaaroo-de-ziguinchor\/\" target=&quot;_blank&quot;>\n\t\t\t\tIt Takes a Village! (R\u00e9)inventer la mise \u00e0 l\u2019abri des survivantes de violences sexuelles au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal<br>Pistes \u00e0 partir de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience du centre Kullimaaroo de Ziguinchor\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalafricasciences.org\/fr\/it-takes-a-village-reinventer-la-mise-a-labri-des-survivantes-de-violences-sexuelles-au-senegalpistes-a-partir-de-lexperience-du-centre-kullimaaroo-de-ziguinchor\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur It Takes a Village! (R\u00e9)inventer la mise \u00e0 l\u2019abri des survivantes de violences sexuelles au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal&lt;br&gt;Pistes \u00e0 partir de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience du centre Kullimaaroo de Ziguinchor\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\tRead More \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t        <span class=\"elementor-post-author\">\n\t\t\tCheikh Sadibou Sakho, Nd\u00e8ye La\u00efty Ndiaye\t\t<\/span>\n        \t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e590199 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e590199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3dd1381 elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-adv-tabs\" data-id=\"3dd1381\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-adv-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t        <div data-scroll-on-click=\"no\" data-scroll-speed=\"300\" id=\"eael-advance-tabs-3dd1381\" class=\"eael-advance-tabs eael-tabs-horizontal eael-tab-auto-active  responsive-vertical-layout\" data-tabid=\"3dd1381\">\n            <div class=\"eael-tabs-nav \">\n                <ul class=\"eael-tab-inline-icon\" role=\"tablist\">\n                                            <li id=\"pour-citer-larticle-\" class=\"active-default eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"pour-citer-larticle--tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <i class=\"fas fa-quote-left\"><\/i>                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Pour citer l&rsquo;article :<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"notes\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"notes-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <i class=\"fas fa-notes-medical\"><\/i>                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Notes<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"bibliographie\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"bibliographie-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <i class=\"fas fa-book\"><\/i>                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Bibliographie<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                    \n                                  <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"eael-tabs-content\">\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"pour-citer-larticle--tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item active-default\" data-title-link=\"pour-citer-larticle--tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <h5>APA<\/h5>\n<p>Ciss\u00e9, C. (2023). Joseph Ki-Zerbo and CAMES. A pan-African story of self-recovery. Global Africa, (3), pp. 86-94.    <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57832\/qnp5-s940\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57832\/qnp5-s940<\/a><\/p>\n<h5>MLA<\/h5>\n<p>Ciss\u00e9, C. \u00ab\u00a0Joseph Ki-Zerbo and CAMES. A pan-African story of self-recovery\u00a0\u00bb. Global Africa, no. 3, 2023, p. 86-94. doi.org\/10.57832\/qnp5-s940  <\/p>\n<h5>DOI<\/h5>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57832\/qnp5-s940\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57832\/qnp5-s940<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00a9 2023 by author(s). This work is openly licensed via CC BY-NC 4.0 <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"notes-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"notes-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <ol>\n<li>Patrick Boucheron, \u00ab\u00a0Georges Duby: Ego-histoire. Premi\u00e8re version\u00a0\u00bb, in Pierre Nora (ed.) Le d\u00e9bat, May-August 2011, no. 165, Paris, Gallimard, p. 101.<\/li>\n<li>[1] N\u00e9 vers 1875, Alfred Diban, \u00e0 qui son fils Ki-Zerbo consacra un ouvrage, est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme le premier chr\u00e9tien de la Haute-Volta dont il contribua \u00e0 la christianisation, notamment du pays Samo, dont il est originaire, apr\u00e8s une longue p\u00e9riode de captivit\u00e9 \u00e0 Tombouctou. En 1975, il se rendit \u00e0 Rome et fut pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 \u00e0 Paul VI. Il mourut en 1980 \u00e0 Ouagadougou pendant le voyage de Jean Paul II. Pour plus de d\u00e9tails, voir Ki Zerbo   <\/li>\n<li>Valentin Mudimbe, The Invention of Africa. Gnosis, Philosophy, and the Order of Knowledge, Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 1988. <\/li>\n<li>[2] Institu\u00e9es d\u00e8s l\u2019aube des ann\u00e9es 1960, elles \u00e9taient organis\u00e9es chaque ann\u00e9e \u00e0 Bouak\u00e9 au centre de la C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire et r\u00e9unissaient chercheurs europ\u00e9ens et africains autour d\u2019un th\u00e8me touchant les sciences sociales en Afrique.<\/li>\n<li>[3] Archives du Cames. Cames, une institution au service de la coop\u00e9ration interuniversitaire africaine, d\u00e9cembre 1981-f\u00e9vrier 1987, p. 2. <\/li>\n<li>[4] Ibid, p. 6.<\/li>\n<li>[5] Archives du Cames. Bilan du CAMES, 1993. p.21.  <\/li>\n<li>[6] Archives du Cames. Rapport de la session ordinaire du Cames. Kigali, du 12 au 14 avril 1980, p.19.  <\/li>\n<li>[7] L\u2019auteur souligne cet \u00e9l\u00e9ment.<\/li>\n<li>[7] L\u2019auteur souligne cet \u00e9l\u00e9ment.<\/li>\n<li>[9] Archives du Cames. Rapport d\u2019activit\u00e9s. Exercice 2012, p. 9.  <\/li>\n<li>[10] Centre des archives diplomatiques de Nantes. Minist\u00e8re des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res. Poste de Ouagadougou. Rapport d\u2019activit\u00e9s du Cames en 1970, pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 \u00e0 Bangui en 1971.   <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"bibliographie-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"bibliographie-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <p>Abarchi, H. (2018, 25 janvier). Entretien avec Habibou Abarchi, ancien recteur de l\u2019universit\u00e9 Abdou-Moumouni de Niamey (2011-2017) et ancien Pr\u00e9sident du CCG du Cames (2014-2017) \u00e0 Niamey. <\/p>\n<p>Biobaku, S. (1962). Inter-university co-operation: Fields, Forms, Methods. Dans, The West African Intellectual Community. Papers And Discussions Of an Intellectual Seminar on Inter-University Co-Operation in West Africa (p. 103). Freetown, Sierra Leone, 11-16 d\u00e9cembre 1961, The Congress For Cultural Freedom by Ibadan University Press.    <\/p>\n<p>Boigny, F. H. (1967). Discours \u00e0 l\u2019ouverture de la conf\u00e9rence des ministres de l\u2019\u00c9ducation nationale des \u00c9tats africains et malgache d\u2019expression fran\u00e7aise. Abidjan, 26 janvier. Audecam. T.1. Discours et r\u00e9solutions, n\u00b03, 14 p.     <\/p>\n<p>Boucheron, P. (2011). Georges Duby, mes ego-histoires. Premie\u0300re version. Dans Nora, P. (dir.), Le de\u0301bat (pp. 101-121)., mai-aou\u0302t, n\u00b0 165, Gallimard.<\/p>\n<p>Ciss\u00e9, C. (2018). Le Cames (1968-2018). Un demi-si\u00e8cle au service de l\u2019enseignement sup\u00e9rieur et de la recherche en Afrique. \u00c9ditions science et bien commun, 277 p.   <\/p>\n<p>Codesria (2006). Le grand Iroko s\u2019en est all\u00e9. Bulletin du Codesria, pp. 5-7.  <\/p>\n<p>Colin, R. (2006). Joseph Ki-Zerbo, berger de notre histoire. Pr\u00e9sence africaine, 1er semestre, nouvelle s\u00e9rie, 173, pp.9-19.  <\/p>\n<p>Cordonnier, S. (2005). Mary Douglas. Comment pensent les institutions, suivi de connaissance de soi et n\u2019y a pas de don gratuit. Culture &amp; Mus\u00e9es, 5, pp. 185-186.   <\/p>\n<p>Diagne, P. (2006). Une nouvelle image du professeur africain. Pr\u00e9sence africaine, nouvelle s\u00e9rie, 173, pp. 23-26.  <\/p>\n<p>Droz, B. (2006). Histoire de la d\u00e9colonisation au xxe si\u00e8cle. \u00c9ditions du Seuil, 398 p.  <\/p>\n<p>Ki-Zerbo, J. (1958). La loi-cadre se meurt. Pr\u00e9sence africaine, XVIII-XIX, pp. 113-120.  <\/p>\n<p>Ki-Zerbo, J. (1961). Enseignement et culture africaine. Pr\u00e9sence africaine, 3e trimestre, nouvelle s\u00e9rie, 38, pp. 45-60.  <\/p>\n<p>Ki-Zerbo, J. (1963). L\u2019Afrique violent\u00e9e ou partenaire. Pr\u00e9sence africaine, 4e trimestre, nouvelle s\u00e9rie, 48, pp. 32-48.  <\/p>\n<p>Ki-Zerbo, J. (1983). Alfred Diban premier chr\u00e9tien de Haute-Volta. Paris, Le Cerf, 148 p.  <\/p>\n<p>Ki-Zerbo, J. (2013). \u00c0 quand l\u2019Afrique ? Entretien avec Ren\u00e9 Holenstein. \u00c9ditions d\u2019en bas, 239 p.   <\/p>\n<p>Mamdani, M. (1994). Introduction. La qu\u00eate des libert\u00e9s acad\u00e9miques. Dans Diouf, M., Mamdani, M. (dir.), Libert\u00e9 acad\u00e9mique en Afrique (p. 1). Codesria.    <\/p>\n<p>Mudimbe, V. (1988). The Invention of Africa. Gnosis, Philosophy, and the Order of Knowledge.   Indiana University Press.<\/p>\n<p>Nandy, A. (2007). L\u2019ennemi intime. Perte de soi et retour \u00e0 soi sous le colonialisme. Fayard, p. 33.   <\/p>\n<p>N\u2019dao P. A. (2008) , La francophonie des p\u00e8res fondateurs, Paris, Karthala, 260 p.<\/p>\n<p>Nyamnjoh, F. (2007). \u00c9ditorial. Bulletin du Codesria, 3-4, pp. 1-3.  <\/p>\n<p>Rabemananjara, J. (1956). L\u2019Europe et nous. Pr\u00e9sence africaine, nouvelle s\u00e9rie bimestrielle, 8-9-10, pp. 20-28.  <\/p>\n<p>Sarr, F., 2016. Afrotopia. Philippe Rey, 192 p. <\/p>\n<p>Seck, A. (2006). Un nationaliste sans concession. Pr\u00e9sence africaine, nouvelle s\u00e9rie, 173, pp. 37-44.  <\/p>\n<p>Archives du Cames. Ouagadougou <\/p>\n<p>Cames, une institution au service de la coop\u00e9ration interuniversitaire africaine, d\u00e9cembre 1981-f\u00e9vrier 1987, p. 2.<\/p>\n<p>Bilan du Cames, 1993. p.21. <\/p>\n<p>Rapport de la session ordinaire du Cames. Kigali, du 12 au 14 avril 1980, p.19. <\/p>\n<p>Rapport d\u2019activit\u00e9s. Exercice 2012, p. 9. <\/p>\n<p>Centre des archives diplomatiques de Nantes (CADN)<\/p>\n<p>Minist\u00e8re des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res. Poste de Ouagadougou. Rapport d\u2019activit\u00e9s du Cames en 1970, pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 \u00e0 Bangui en 1971.  <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t                    <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5aff930 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5aff930\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc34b86 elementor-widget elementor-widget-off-canvas\" data-id=\"fc34b86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"off-canvas.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"off-canvas-fc34b86\" class=\"e-off-canvas\" role=\"dialog\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Off-Canvas\" 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class=\"eael-creative-button-wrapper\">\n\n            <a class=\"eael-creative-button eael-creative-button--default eael-cb-icon-position-\" href=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Doff_canvas%3Aopen%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ImZjMzRiODYiLCJkaXNwbGF5TW9kZSI6Im9wZW4ifQ%3D%3D\" data-text=\"Allez-y !\">\n            \t    \n                <div class=\"creative-button-inner\">\n\n                    \n                    <span class=\"cretive-button-text\">Table des mati\u00e8res<\/span>\n\n                                    <\/div>\n\t                        <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Num\u00e9ro 03 &#8211; (Re)d\u00e9couverte This post is also available in: English Fran\u00e7ais (French) T\u00c9L\u00c9CHARGER EN PDF 03.2023Panafricanisme, recherche africaine et enjeux globaux Publi\u00e9 le : 20 septembre 2023ISSN: 3020-0458 T\u00c9L\u00c9CHARGER LE NUM\u00c9RO PDF Abstract R\u00e9sum\u00e9 Muhtasari \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 This article analyzes the eminent role played by historian Joseph Ki-Zerbo in the 1968 creation of a pan-African epistemic community at the very dawn of independence: the African and Malagasy Council for Higher Education (CAMES). Ki-Zerbo&#8217;s role cannot be understood by ignoring the historical context of the post-war period, when the battle to end the remnants of subjection was in full swing with the end of an African university under the Western academic mantle. This is why my theoretical approach crosses the paths of institutional history (the CAMES) with the biography of an individual to understand the overall history of a society or institution. To fuel my analysis, I draw mainly on the Cames archives, academic works devoted to Ki-Zerbo, his own sketches of ego-history and my book on the history of the CAMES. Keywords Joseph Ki-Zerbo, African independences, African and Malagasy Council for Higher Education (CAMES), African University, ego-history Cet article analyse le r\u00f4le \u00e9minent jou\u00e9 par l\u2019historien Joseph Ki-Zerbo dans la cr\u00e9ation en 1968 d\u2019une communaut\u00e9 \u00e9pist\u00e9mique panafricaine d\u00e8s les premi\u00e8res lueurs des ind\u00e9pendances : le Conseil africain et malgache pour l\u2019enseignement sup\u00e9rieur (Cames). Le r\u00f4le de Ki-Zerbo ne peut se comprendre en faisant liti\u00e8re du contexte historique de l\u2019apr\u00e8s-guerre, o\u00f9 la bataille pour la fin des reliquats de suj\u00e9tion battait son plein avec, en creux, la fin d\u2019une universit\u00e9 africaine sous la toge acad\u00e9mique occidentale. C\u2019est pourquoi l\u2019approche th\u00e9orique croise les pistes de l\u2019histoire institutionnelle (le Cames) avec la biographie d\u2019un individu pour comprendre l\u2019histoire globale d\u2019une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 ou d\u2019une institution. Pour nourrir ma r\u00e9flexion, je m\u2019appuie essentiellement sur les archives du Cames, les productions acad\u00e9miques consacr\u00e9es \u00e0 Ki-Zerbo, ses propres esquisses d\u2019ego-histoire et mon ouvrage sur l\u2019histoire du Cames. Mots-cl\u00e9s Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ind\u00e9pendances africaines, Conseil africain et malgache pour l\u2019enseignement sup\u00e9rieur (Cames), Universit\u00e9 africaine, ego-histoire. Nakala hii inachambua jukumu muhimu lililochezwa na mwanahistoria Joseph Ki-Zerbo katika uumbaji mnamo 1968 wa jamii ya epistemic ya Afrika kutoka kwa nuru ya kwanza ya uhuru : Baraza la african na Madagaska kwa elimu ya juu &#8216;(Cames). Jukumu la Ki-Zerbo haliwezi kueleweka kwa kutoa mwanga juu ya muktadha wa kihistoria wa vita vya baada ya vita &#8216;, ambapo vita vya mwisho wa mabaki ya utii vilikuwa vimejaa kabisa, kwa mashimo, mwisho wa chuo kikuu cha Kiafrika chini ya toga ya kitaaluma ya magharibi. Hii ndio sababu mbinu ya kinadharia &#8216;inavuka nyimbo za taasisi ya kitaifa (the Cames) na wasifu wa mtu binafsi kuelewa historia ya ulimwengu ya jamii au taasisi ya kitaifa. Ili kulisha tafakari yangu, ninategemea sana kumbukumbu za Cames, uzalishaji wa masomo uliowekwa kwa Ki-Zerbo, michoro yake mwenyewe ya historia ya hadithi na kitabu changu juu ya historia ya Cames. Maneno muhimu Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Uhuru wa Afrika, Baraza la Elimu ya Juu la Afrika na Malagasi (CAMES), Chuo Kikuu cha Afrika,historia ya ubinafsi \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u0651\u062e \u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u064a-\u0632\u0631\u0628\u0648 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1968 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a (Cames). \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0647 \u0643\u064a-\u0632\u0631\u0628\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0652\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629.\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 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\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0651\u0637\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0651\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a.\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d\u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a (CAMES)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627 Introduction C\u2019\u00e9tait l\u2019homme qui ne voulait pas dormir sur la natte des autres. Et il avait le verbe haut et la plume incise pour le proclamer urbi et orbi. Joseph Ki-Zerbo, penseur \u00e9clectique, transmetteur int\u00e9gral, historien f\u00e9cond et talentueux, pionnier dans divers domaines de l\u2019historiographie africaine, panafricaniste convaincu et patriote africain intransigeant, a marqu\u00e9 de fa\u00e7on irr\u00e9versible la communaut\u00e9 \u00e9pist\u00e9mique et politique africaine de son temps. Si son souvenir reste vivace seize ans apr\u00e8s sa disparition le 4 d\u00e9cembre 2006 \u00e0 Ouagadougou, c\u2019est que cet homme fut \u00e0 la fois un homme de r\u00e9flexion et d\u2019engagement concret, \u00e0 la recherche constante d\u2019une pens\u00e9e qui soit ajust\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019action. Le Conseil pour le d\u00e9veloppement de la recherche en sciences sociales en Afrique (Codesria) ne s\u2019est pas tromp\u00e9 en le qualifiant \u00e0 sa mort de \u00ab grand iroko \u00bb, roi de la for\u00eat tropicale africaine, debout dans sa dignit\u00e9 et sa majest\u00e9 (Codesria, 2006) et qui fit de lui, apr\u00e8s le Sud-Africain Archie Mafeje et les Kenyans Ali Mazrui et Ngugi wa Thiong\u2019o, membre \u00e0 vie de cette institution panafricaine. Si sa longue carri\u00e8re intellectuelle et politique a \u00e9t\u00e9 suffisamment \u00e9tudi\u00e9e, le retour \u00e0 Ki-Zerbo vise \u00e0 explorer de nouveaux horizons cognitifs porteurs de sens. Il en est ainsi du r\u00f4le majeur de l\u2019historien burkinab\u00e9 dans la cr\u00e9ation du Conseil africain et malgache pour l\u2019enseignement sup\u00e9rieur (Cames), tr\u00e8s peu \u00e9tudi\u00e9 par celles et ceux qui s\u2019\u00e9vertuent \u00e0 faire le bilan de son \u0153uvre intellectuelle et politique. Cet article, qui vise donc \u00e0 combler cet \u00e9cart herm\u00e9neutique, rappelle d\u2019abord quelques traits du combat anti-imp\u00e9rialiste de Ki-Zerbo, de ses convictions panafricaines qui renferment les premiers lin\u00e9aments de la cr\u00e9ation du Cames en janvier 1968. Une fois ce lien \u00e9tabli, je m\u2019\u00e9vertue \u00e0 situer son r\u00f4le de premier plan dans la cr\u00e9ation de cette police institutionnelle autonome qu\u2019est le Cames. Je termine enfin ma d\u00e9monstration par un travail d\u2019inventaire du bilan de l\u2019institution apr\u00e8s les ann\u00e9es Ki-Zerbo. Joseph Ki-Zerbo, historien et panafricaniste intransigeant Joseph Ki-Zerbo, n\u00e9 le 21 juin 1922<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":6549,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[205],"tags":[],"issues3":[],"post_folder":[],"ppma_author":[506],"class_list":["post-10087","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-redecouverte","author-chikouna-cisse-fr"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Joseph Ki-Zerbo et le Cames Une histoire panafricaine de reconqu\u00eate de soi | Global Africa<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Explorez *Joseph Ki-Zerbo et CAMES A Pan-African* \u2013 un aper\u00e7u de l&#039;influence de Ki-Zerbo sur la pens\u00e9e panafricaine et CAMES\" \/>\n<meta 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